Transcript pmac2wn07-slide-v0

Modeling and Analysis of Regional
Registration Based Mobile Service
Management
Authors: Ing-Ray Chen and Ding-Chau Wang
Presented by Chaitanya ,Geetanjali and Bavani
Overview
 Introduction
 Related Work
 Protocol Description
 Model
 Numerical Data And Analysis
 Simulation
Introduction
 Multicasting
 Single sender, multiple receivers
 Efficient Multicast Protocol
 Minimum data duplication
 Minimum distance travelled
Mobile Multicasting
 Multicasting in mobile networks
 Challenges for Mobile Multicast Protocol
 Dynamic group membership
 Dynamic member topology
Basic Schemes for Mobile Multicasting
 Remote Subscription (RS):
 Mobile host (MH) always needs to subscribe to its multicast
group when it enters or changes a foreign network
 Handoff frequency of mobile host is proportional to the
update frequency of the multicast tree
Advantage: Optimal shortest path
Disadvantage: Extra Overhead for reconstructing multicast
tree
 Bi-directional Tunneling (BT):
A MH receives multicast data by way of its home network
using unicast mobile IP tunnels from its Home Agent(HA)
Advantages:
 Handles both source and recipient mobility
 No need to update the multicast tree when MH’s
location is changed
Disadvantages:
 Packet delivery path is not optimal
 Limited scalability
Related work
 mMOM
 Hybrid approach of BT and RS
 Every MH must re-register with FA after a period of
residence time(Life time)
 A MH applies either BT or RS based on its mobility
 If the MH is highly mobile, BT will be used
 If the MH is immobile, RS will be used
Advantage: Simple and Practical
Disadvantage: Does not allow care of address to be used in
mobile IP
 Multicasting with Multicast Agents
 Multicast agents(MA)
 MA provides multicast services to the mobile group
members in the multiple foreign agents.
 MA maintains a list of multicast groups and FAs
that have visiting mobile members for that group.
Routing with multicast agents
 Multicasting with Multicast Agents (Contd.)
 MA joins the multicast group on behalf of mobile
group members in it service area.
 MA tunnels multicast packets for these groups to FA
 FA delivers packets to mobile hosts
Advantages:
 Stable structure
 Avoids frequent modifications to multicast tree
Disadvantages:
 Lacks flexibility
 Single point failure
 Range Based Mobile Multicast (RBMoM)
 Introduces a Mobile Multicast HomeAgent(MMA)
 MMA multicasts packets to FA to which the MH is currently
attached
 Each MHA must always be one of the multicast group member
Figure: Setup of a new MHA
 Range Based Mobile Multicast (RBMoM) (Contd.)
 The MHA information is recorded at MHs HAs agent table
 MMA handoff s occur if a MH is out of current MMA’s service
range
Advantages:
Dynamic MMA
Disadvantages:
Communication overhead and performance penalty to the
network
Protocol Description
 Proposed protocol
 User-oriented Regional Registration based Mobile
Multicast (URRMoM)
 Combines advantages of RS and BT
 Each MH’s can autonomously determine its optimal
service area (MMA) based on its dynamic mobility and
service characteristics
Advantages:
 No need to maintain Agent table
 Minimizes network traffic
 Simple , scalable and efficient.
 Protocol Description (Contd.)
 MMA is responsible for tunneling multicast packets to FA as
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long as the FA is within the regional MMA’s service area.
Each MMA will be a member of multicast tree
Each MH should have one MMA
MMA of the MH will change as it roams in the network
Each MH keeps a counter to record the number of subnets it
has crossed within the service area of its MMA
Regional service area of MMA = Number of subnets covered
by the MMA
 When the FA is MMA
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The MMA of the MH will be updated to the current FA
The counter in the MH will be reset to 0 after the MMA reset
 When the FA is not a MMA
 The counter in the MH will increment by 1
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When the counter in the MH reaches to the regional size
(R) the multicast
The new FA will subscribe to tree and become a new
MMA for the MH
Types of Moves in RRMoM
1.
Intra-Regional:
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Occurs? -> Whenever a MH performs a location
handoff “within” a multicast service area of a regional
MMA.
 Change in MMA? -> only if the new FA it enters into is
itself a MMA for other MHs.
 In this case, the MH’s MMA is updated to the current
FA.
Type of Moves - II
2.
Inter-Regional:
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Occurs? -> Whenever a MH moves across a service area
(the counter reaches R), thus incurring a multicast service
handoff.
Change in MMA? -> The MH’s MMA always changes.
If the new FA is itself a MMA, then the MH’s MMA is
simply updated to the current FA.
Otherwise, the current FA becomes the MH’s new MMA. A
multicast tree subscription event is triggered to add the
new MMA to the multicast tree.
Hypothesis
 There exists an optimal service area size that will
minimize the network traffic generated due to mobile
multicast services.
 It depends on:
 the mobility of MHs
 population of the MHs
 the size and topology of the network.
MODEL
Is fixed
Each
node is a
subnet
with FA
A MH can move
in four
directions
randomly with
equal
probability
Relationship between λ and μ
Let μ = MH’s residence time in FA (exponentially
distributed)
Let λ = arrival rate of a single MH to any FA in this n x n
homogenous network
Then, λ = μ / (n2-1)
M/M/∞/M
Let M = number of MHs belonging to the multicast
group
The arrival-departure process of M members to a FA
(a subnet) is modeled as M/M/∞/M model
Solving the linear equations for Pi and using
P0 = (1-1/n2)M (Substituting , λ = μ / (n2-1))
Average number of members in the multicast group residing
under one FA:
a MMA on average
covers R subnets
The average number of multicast members
a MMA covers: R.
Average number of MMAs in the system is :
Probability that a FA in which a MH just enters is a MMA,
(PMMA),
SPN – Behavior of a MH in network
Performance Metrics
 Total cost is given by:
CMaintenance : Cost incurred per unit time due to control packets for tree
management = MMA Subscription cost + MMA Un-subscription cost
Let rsub = Rate at which a member subscribes a new MMA to the
multicast tree after it has crossed R subnets
Let β = Average number of hops separating a MMA and multicast source.
Let τ = Average per-hop communication cost.
Total Subscription Rate = rsub x M
Total Unsubscription Rate =
Total Cost
CService = Cost per unit time for delivering multicast packets from the
multicast source to MHs in the multicast group.
CService = Cost per packet delivery x rate at which packets are generated
= number of hops for multicast packet delivery from the
multicast source to MMAs
= number of hops through which packets are tunneled
from various MMAs to M MHs.
NUMERIC DATA AND ANALYSIS
 Figure shows the total traffic
generated as a function of the
service area size R expressed in
terms of the number of subnets
 Optimal service area size under
which the network traffic
generated is minimized
 As the mesh network becomes
Cost vs. Regional Area Size (R)
with varying n.
larger, the optimal service area
size becomes larger and larger
Cost vs. R with Varying Number of MHs
 Figure shows the network
traffic generated vs. R as M
varies in an 8 by 8 mesh
network.
 As M increases the optimal R
decreases.
Effect of the Distance between Source and MMA
 Figure shows that when β
increases, the optimal range R
increases for the case when M is
fixed at 100
Here,
β =average number of hops to
reach the source for multicast tree
subscription/un-subscription
Comparison of URRMoM vs RS and RBMoM
 Figure compares the network
traffic generated due to
maintenance vs. the network size
n for URRMoM vs. RS and
RBMoM at optimizing R values
under the same set of parameter
values.
 URRMoM always produces the
least amount of network traffic
compared with RS and RBMoM
SIMULATION
 SMPL has been used to conduct a simulation study to
validate the analytical results reported in Numerical Data
and Analysis section.
 To ensure statistical significance of simulation results, a
batch mean analysis (BMA) technique has been adopted
SIMULATION RESULTS
Simulation Results - Cost vs. R with
varying n.
Simulation Results - Cost vs. R with
varying Number of MHs
Simulation Results – Comparison of URRMoM vs RS and RBMoM
CONCLUSIONS
 Proposed and analyzed user-oriented regional registration based mobile
multicast (URRMoM) approach
 Combines distinct performance advantages of remote subscription and bi-
directional tunneling
 Mathematical model to analytically determine the optimal service area size
under which the overall network traffic generated due to multicast tree
maintenance and multicast packet delivery can be minimized
 Effect of key parameters on the optimal regional area size
 Reasons for the sensitivity analysis has been provided
FUTURE WORK
 In the future, empirical validation of URRMoM in
an experimental testbed is planned to be
performed
THANK YOU