Transcript Military Data Links and ATM

“Military Data Links and ATM”
EUROCONTROL Military Unit
European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation
Summary
♦ CONTEXT
♦ DESCRIPTION / OBJECTIVES of military data links and operational expectations
♦ CHALLENGES : Interoperability/ Safety/Security / Technology
♦ CONCLUSION
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Introduction
Traffic Growth
1997
7.0 million flights
2000
8.0 million flights

2010
11.1 million flights
2020
16.0 million flights
Traffic Growth:
- 10JUN05: Record of 30.047 flights;
- Growth of 5% a year;
- Traffic doubles over 20 years;
- Traffic tripled over 25 years.
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DIVISION DED 4 - 4/11/97
Introduction
Operational Improvements
TRAFFIC
GROWTH
INCREASE
CAPACITY
OERATIONAL
IMPROVEMENTS
IMPROVE
SAFETY
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Introduction
Multiple Airspace Users
ATM Operational Improvements impact all airspace users
including Military Aviation!
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DESCRIPTION / OBJECTIVES of the
military data links
♦ Command and Control Information Exchange
♦ NATO Tactical Data Links and the migration strategy
♦ The military data links
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Military Command and Control
Tactical Information Exchange
 Military CIS are enablers of Command and Control (C2) functions;

Underlying Networks (WANs) + Voice + Sensors + Tactical Data Links
for C2 reporting and compilation of Recognized Air Picture
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Tactical Data Links
Migration Strategy
Migration Path
♦ Each Data Link defined by
message format series
♦ Link 1, Link 4 and Link 7
were the legacy standards
♦ Link 11 – since early 80’s the
most stable NATO standard.
Oriented to Navy and BLOS
♦ Link 16 – Current NATO MOR
and in vast expansion since
mid 90’s. Supported by
JTIDS/MIDS technology
♦ Link 22/NILE – NATO
Improved Link 11 – 2015
♦ Multilink environment: VMF,
TTNT, CDL, Wideband IP D/L
♦ Future Paradigm: The
Common Message Standard
(CMS) - 2030
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Military Multi-Link Environment
Automating multiple platforms
VMF – Variable Message Format (gap filler for US Army between Link 16 and other TDL)
CDL – Common Data Link ( US DoD D/L to support imagery and signals intelligence)
TTNT - Tactical Targeting Network Technology (US DARPA IP-capable airborne network for
primarily time-sensitive targeting which will support US DoD Global Information Grid)
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Challenges
♦ Civil/Military Interoperability
♦ADS-B/MIDS Study
♦ Safety and Security considerations
♦ Technology enablers
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INTEROPERBILITY
ADS-B/MIDS Study
“FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR CIVIL AVIATION DATA
LINK FOR ADS-B BASED ON MIDS/LINK16”
Background
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ADS Programme
17-18SET02 - ADS PSG 15 decision to study
feasibility of civil version of Link 16/MIDS to support
ADS-B

FEB03 - ADS-B Data Link Recommendation
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FEB03 - ISDEFE contracted
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AUG03 - Final Report delivered
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10MAR04 – Discussion Forum
Proposal
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Compare ADS Requirements vs MIDS Performances
Scenarios: TLAT
Prove Feasibility
Significant benefits for civil ATM and military
But difficult open issues:
- Network management; Spectrum support;
Interference DME/TACAN, GPS L5; Costs;
Institutional issues.
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INTEROPERABILTY
ADS-B/MIDS Study
“FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR CIVIL
AVIATION DATA LINK FOR ADS-B
BASED ON MIDS/LINK16”
Discussion Forum on 10 MAR04

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
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ADS-B/MIDS study considered
solution feasible
Majority of opinions against the
proposal
Reasons mainly linked with
spectrum constraints in the L
band and institutional issues
Way Ahead
Ground Interface solution ?
Part of Software Radio solution ?
 A civil-military Future
Communications System!
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Safety and Security considerations
♦ Safety
♦ Traffic growth vs. military aircraft Equipage rate
♦ Exemption policy
♦ Security considerations
♦ 9/11 context and its consequences
♦ The need to protect the ATM system and the need for more
civil/military cooperation
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Technology considerations
♦ Software radio considerations
♦ Civil /military aspects
♦ Taking advantage of some military data link features
♦ Convergence between C,N,S
♦ Security
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Military Data Links and ATM
Conclusions (1)
♦ Military Data Link technologies are in the
forefront of state of the art
♦ Widely available in military platforms
(particularly Link 16/MIDS)
♦ Outstanding warfare capablilities enabled by
multi-link environment
♦ Limited relevance for ATM purposes
♦ Civil-military data link interoperability
uncertain
♦ Frequency and spectrum constraints the main
problem
♦ Other hurdles are institutional, security and
technical constraints (latency, Doppler, etc.)
♦ Lessons learnt from ADS-B/MIDS study need to
be kept
♦ Trend for convergence: use of Internet Protocol
(IP Mobility)
♦ Additional opportunities: Relative Navigation 15
Military Data Links and ATM
Conclusions (2)
Navigation Paradigm: GNSS Sole Means? Ground-Based DME Backup? 4D RNP/RNAV how?
Why not Relative Navigation as an enabler of NAV infrastructure rationalisation?
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