Transcript Networking Research

Krishan Sabnani
SVP, Networking Research
Bell Labs
Key Technologies and Architectures in
the Next Generation Network
Some Random Observations about Testing
 Software development is treated as a hobby, not as a responsible
discipline. That is why testing is done in an ad hoc manner.
 Open source software is becoming a major force. How would you
test large systems based on open source software?
 Testing is ~1/3rd of software development expenses
– Testing research can make tremendous impact. Why are we not
making more impact?
 Testing is a poor cousin of verification/validation in the computer
science research community.
2
Hippocratic Oath—Modern Version
I swear to fulfill, to the best of my ability and judgment,
this covenant:
I will respect the hard-won scientific gains of those physicians
in whose steps I walk, and gladly share such knowledge as is
mine with those who are to follow.
I will apply, for the benefit of the sick, all measures [that] are
required, avoiding those twin traps of overtreatment and
therapeutic nihilism.
I will remember that there is art to medicine as well as science,
and that warmth, sympathy, and understanding may outweigh the
surgeon's knife or the chemist's drug.
….
3
Today’s Data Networks
Best effort, insecure, difficult to manage, and unreliable
3G Cellular
Networks
Metro
Networks
Radio
Controller
Edge
Router
Access
Router
Access
Router
Enterprise
Networks
Packet-Based
Network
Edge
Router
Edge
Router
Home
Networks
Access
Router
Ad hoc
Networks
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Tomorrow’s Converged Network
3G Cellular
Networks
Next-Gen
Metro
Networks
User
Mobility
4G/Mesh
Radio
Controller
Access
Router
Edge
Router
Global Roaming
Edge
Router
Personalization
Network Intelligence
Access
Router
Quality
of Service
(e.g. for voice)
Always-On
QoS-Enabled
Packet Core Network
Access
Router
Enterprise
Networks
Services Enablement
Layer
Edge
Router
Home
Networks
Traffic Type
(Multimedia)
5
The Network Evolution
…Today...
Yesterday…
 Networks were designed to
carry voice traffic
 Data traffic mostly overlaid
on voice networks (using
modems)
Volume of data traffic
exceeds voice traffic
 Networks are designed to
carry primarily data traffic
 Voice traffic overlaid on
data networks (e.g. VoIP)
Content traffic
becomes
dominant
…Tomorrow ...
 Future networks should be designed primarily for efficient content distribution and
content search/location
– Content distribution should not only be overlaid, but built in from ground up
 Future networks should also be able to effectively carry best-effort data traffic and
QoS-sensitive multimedia traffic
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Enabling Technologies

Future Telecom Networks will need secure, quality-enabled, highspeed, and well-managed converged packet cores

Bell Labs has several breakthrough programs to enable this
change. Here are four examples:
– SoftRouter: A new architecture to deal with increased
complexity of data networking
– Optical Data Router: Program to deal with increased traffic over
the Internet
– Base Station Router: An access router which terminates all
radio network processing
– Always-on & Global Roaming:
•
Instant access to applications anywhere. An example is
Push-to-Game.
•
Lucent’s SuperDHLR is an industry leading product for
enabling global roaming.
7
Enabling Technologies

Future Telecom Networks will need secure, quality-enabled, highspeed, and well-managed converged packet cores

Bell Labs has several breakthrough programs to enable this
change. Here are four examples:
– SoftRouter: A new architecture to deal with increased
complexity of data networking
– Optical Data Router: Program to deal with increased traffic over
the Internet
– Base Station Router: An access router which terminates all
radio network processing
– Always-on & Global Roaming:
•
Instant access to applications anywhere. An example is
Push-to-Game.
•
Lucent’s SuperDHLR is an industry leading product for
enabling global roaming.
8
SoftRouter Summary
 Router networks are becoming increasingly complex
• Emerging applications and performance requirements are driving more
functions to IP
• Incorporating all IP functions in routers results in duplication of complex
functions in multiple routers of a network
 Disaggregation of router hardware from software addresses this problem
and has the potential for major additional advantages
 Bell Labs has a research program that disaggregates router control and
transport planes (called SoftRouter-based approach)
• Transport plane: packet forwarding element
• Control plane: control element server and feature server
• Control plane servers and transport plane communicate using standard
protocols
• Approach similar to SoftSwitch-based disaggregation of class 5 switches
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Routers are becoming increasingly complex
 Complexity is an IP “Middle-Age” problem!
– IP provides end-to-end datagram
delivery service to
protocols/applications
– IP can use any link-layer technology
that delivers packets

Emerging applications are driving more
functions into IP, expanding the “waist” of the
IP hour glass

Router vendors incorporate all new IP
functions into routers

Complexity is spread throughout the network
• Achieving network-wide objectives such
as traffic engineering requires complex
translation of global objectives to
configuration information in numerous
individual routers
Applications
email WWW phone...
SMTP HTTP RTP...
TCP UDP…
QoS,
multicast,
mobility,
VPN, …
IP
ethernet PPP…
CSMA async sonet...
Transport
copper fiber radio...
• Misconfiguration or uncoordinated
configuration can result in poor
performance or even network instability
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New Router Architecture: SoftRouter
3 key components of SoftRouter approach
– Decoupling: Separate complex control plane processing from the transport
plane
– Servers: Implement control plane processing functions on dedicated
external control plane servers
– Standard Interface: Define standard protocol for control plane servers to
interface to the forwarding elements
Proprietary
API
Control
plane
processing
Control Plane
Feature
Server
Control
Element
Server
Standard
protocol
Forwarding
plane
processing
Current Router Model
Packet
Forwarding
Element
Transport Plane
SoftRouter Model
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SoftRouter Network Architecture
Control
Element
Server
Packet
Forwarding
Element
Router
Traditional Router-based
Network
Feature
Server
SoftRouter-based
Network
The SoftRouter approach separates and centralizes the softwareintensive control element and feature servers from hardwarecentric transport and packet forwarding
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Benefits
1.
2.
3.
Lower Costs
–
Commoditized, standards-based hardware (lower capex)
–
Dedicated control element servers imply fewer management points (lower
opex)
New Features
–
Network-based features to support new services more easily added using
open APIs
–
Incremental deployment made simpler through centralized management
Better Scalability
–
4.
Centralized control element servers easier to scale using well-established
server scaling techniques
Enhanced Stability, Controllability, and Reliability
–
Network instability problems due to BGP Route Reflectors are eliminated
–
5.
SoftRouter-based network can be designed to be more reliable than a
traditional network
Increased Security
–
Fewer control element servers easier to secure using perimeter defense
systems, e.g., firewalls
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Enabling Technologies

Future Telecom Networks will need secure, quality-enabled, highspeed, and well-managed converged packet cores

Bell Labs has several breakthrough programs to enable this
change. Here are four examples:
– SoftRouter: A new architecture to deal with increased
complexity of data networking
– Optical Data Router: Program to deal with increased traffic over
the Internet
– Base Station Router: An access router which terminates all
radio network processing
– Always-on & Global Roaming:
•
Instant access to applications anywhere. An example is
Push-to-Game.
•
Lucent’s SuperDHLR is an industry leading product for
enabling global roaming.
14
Growth in Router Capacity
Router Capacity over Time
 Internet traffic doubles every 12
months
 Router Capacity doubles every 18
months
 Routers will reach 100Tb/s in 2010
Internet
2x every
12 months
Routers
2x every
18 months
Source: Nick McKeown, Stanford
Currently Third Generation of Packet Routers : 1Tb/s capacity in a Single Rack
Single Rack <1Tb/s
Multi-rack solutions >1Tb/s
e.g. Juniper TX Matrix
or Cisco CRS-1
e.g. Juniper TX640
or Cisco XR12416
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Why do current packet routers not scale?
 Power and heat dissipation limit density.
– Require multiple shelves and racks of Line Cards
– Increases distance between Line Cards and Switch Fabric
 Centralized Switch Fabric
Centralized
– Massive wiring density between Line Cards and
Switch Fabric
functions
Centralized Control and Scheduling complexity
grows
nonlinearly
scale
poorly
– Switch Fabric alone pushes power density and heat dissipation limits

To
Network
Central
Scheduler
Optics
OpticsPacket
Optics
Packet
Processing
Optics
Packet
Processing
I/O
Packet
Processing
I/O
Processing
Buffer
I/O
Buffer
Buffer
Buffer
Line Cards
I/O
Switch
Fabric
Massive Wiring
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BL Solution: Distributed Optical Switch Fabric
 Optical fibers eliminate massive wiring density and allow higher
bandwidths
 Central Switch fabric replaced by passive optical device that
directs signals according to their wavelength
– Called Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG)
 Switching using Fast Wavelength Tunable Transmitters (T-TX)
Fixes Hardware
– Deployed hardware scales with deployedScaling
capacity
distributed on each line card
– Passive Optical Backplane
To
To
Network
Network
Central
Central
Scheduler
Scheduler
Optics
Optics
Optics
OpticsPacket
Optics
Optics
Packet
Optics
Packet
Optics
Processing
Packet
Optics
Packet
Optics
Processing
Processing
Packet
Packet
Optics
Processing
Processing
I/O
Packet
Processing
ProcessingI/O
Buffer
ProcessingI/O
Buffer
Buffer
Buffer
I/O
Buffer
Buffer
T-TX
Optics
Buffer
Buffer
Line Cards
Line Cards
Fiber
Switch
AWG
Fabric
Passive Optical Backplane
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BL Solution: Distributed Scheduler
 Eliminate central scheduler without sacrificing throughput
– Distribute traffic uniformly to Line Cards
– Technique called “load balancing”
 Each line card works like a small router with its own
scheduler
– Scales gracefully since complexity of scheduling is constant
– Deployed hardware scales with deployed capacity
Router
 Combined with Distributed Optical Switch Fabric
allows
To
Network
scaling to very large routers
Scales to
>100Tb/s
Optics
Optics
Optics
Optics
Packet
Optics
Optics
Packet
Processing
Optics
Optics
Packet
Processing
Packet
Processing
Processing
Local
Local Buffer
Scheduler
Local Buffer
Scheduler
Local Buffer
Scheduler
Buffer
Scheduler
AWG
Line Cards
Lucent Technologies – Proprietary
Use pursuant to company instruction
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Optical Data Router
 DARPA-funded program
 Linecards
– Highly integrated optical components
Highly
integrated
photonic
chips
• Denser integration of optical interfaces on line card
• Data never converted to electronics for lower power
– Shallow Buffers
• Demonstration of high throughput with buffers 20
packet deep
Effects of
shallow
buffers
 Scalable switch fabrics
– Highly scalable nonblocking switch fabrics
• 5Tb/s using AWG plus tunable lasers and 100Gb/s
Transmitter
100Gb/s
Packet
switching
– Use of load balancing to allow blocking switch fabrics to
be used and simplifies scheduling
• Scalability to 256 Tb/s throughput
RR
TL1
40G
CLK
NRZ
Data
40G
PG
CSG
TB
Schedule
• Transparent optical packet router demonstrated
MZM
TL2
40G
BERT
RR
TL3
FDLs
EAM
A
W
G
1
WC
1
WC
2
A
W
G
2
WC
3
A
W
G
3
Optical Packet
Router
WC
4
A
W
G
4
PD
PD
TL4
drop
Space Switch
Time Buffer
Space Switch
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The Optical Data (IRIS) Router in a Carrier Network
10 GbE
40 Gb/s optical packets
Riverstone
15008
10
GbE
IRIS
edge
card
IRIS
intermediate
node
IRIS
intermediate
node
10
GbE
IRIS Router
Riverstone
15008
IRIS intermediate
node
Riverstone
15008
IRIS
edge
card
10
GbE
Riverstone
15008
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Enabling Technologies

Future Telecom Networks will need secure, quality-enabled, highspeed, and well-managed converged packet cores

Bell Labs has several breakthrough programs to enable this
change. Here are four examples:
– SoftRouter: A new architecture to deal with increased
complexity of data networking
– Optical Data Router: Program to deal with increased traffic over
the Internet
– Base Station Router: An access router which terminates all
radio network processing
– Always-on & Global Roaming:
•
Instant access to applications anywhere. An example is
Push-to-Game.
•
Lucent’s SuperDHLR is an industry leading product for
enabling global roaming.
21
New Cellular Network Architecture
Base Station Router: push intelligence to the edge
 Current wireless networks are complex, involving many network
elements, and result in high cost and high latency
 Base Station Router terminates all air interface-specific
functionality in the base station
Packet
backhaul
O
Radio
Controller
Base
Station
Packet
Backhaul
O
Mobile
Router
circuit
voice
packet
data
O
Telephone
Network
Mobile
Switching
Center
O
Mobile
Router
Internet
Base
Station
 Collapsing Radio Access Network
elements into the base station simplifies
network and reduces latency
Base Station Router
 Pushing IP intelligence to the base station
results in better Quality of Service support
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BSR Motivation
Access
BSR provides advantages in the
following areas
Control
Gateway
 reduces system OpEx by 75%
 increases VoIP Capacity by 25%
 reduces delay by 40%
BSR
Collapse access, control, and gateway elements
to a single IP Access Point
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Lucent Technologies' Base Station Router Receives CTIA
Emerging Technology Award
Revolutionary Product Takes Top Honors for Most Innovative In-Building Solution
LAS VEGAS – Lucent Technologies (NYSE:LU) today announced that its Base Station
Router (BSR) product was selected as the first place winner of a CTIA WIRELESS 2006
Wireless Emerging Technologies (E-tech) Award in the category of “Most Innovative
In-Building Solution.” Award recipients were announced yesterday in a ceremony at the
Las Vegas Convention Center during the CTIA WIRELESS trade show.
The Wireless E-tech Awards program is designed to give industry recognition and exposure
to the best wireless products and services in the areas of Consumer, Enterprise and Network technology. Nearly
200 applications were submitted and reviewed by a panel of recognized members of the media, industry analysts
and executives, as well as select show attendees. Products were judged on innovation, functionality,
technological importance, implementation
and overall “wow” factor.
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Enabling Technologies

Future Telecom Networks will need secure, quality-enabled, highspeed, and well-managed converged packet cores

Bell Labs has several breakthrough programs to enable this
change. Here are four examples:
– SoftRouter: A new architecture to deal with increased
complexity of data networking
– Optical Data Router: Program to deal with increased traffic over
the Internet
– Base Station Router: An access router which terminates all
radio network processing
– Always-on & Global Roaming:
•
Instant access to applications anywhere. An example is
Push-to-Game.
•
Lucent’s SuperDHLR is an industry leading product for
enabling global roaming.
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Always-On Services

Definition: A push-to-connect data service is “always-on” if it:
– Connects the user to the service instantly
– Delivers service content to the user instantly
– Is easy for a user to use (requires few button presses on a handset)

To achieve this effectively, the network must:
– Provide a persistent session between mobile users and services
– Minimize delay in connecting to and controlling a service
– Minimize delay in delivering service content
– Handle complex interactions on behalf of the user
– Scale to a large number of services and subscribers
– Support easy deployment of new services
Our objective: Build the networking infrastructure that achieves the
above goals
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Push-to- Game Demo on UMTS at CTIA 2006
 Live Demo Setup for Mobile Multiplayer Gaming”
– Single-box AoG, available locally at CTIA booth – J2EE
– Lucent’s UMTS trailer providing UMTS Airlink
– Three Nokia 6680 handsets showing three users
– Four online multiplayer games – J2ME:
• 2 Commercially Available: Brick Challenge, Black Jack: From ExitGames using
remote server
• 2 Games w. Voice IM: Reversi, Tic-Tac-Toe: Developed by BL, available at local
server in booth
 Demo features:
– One-touch gaming screen personalized based on user
– One-touch game play – Dramatic improvement of end user experience!
• One-touch buddy invitation and play
– AoG’ 1 click experience vs. 15+ clicks without AoG
– AoG’s fast connectivity 10+ secs vs. 35+ secs without AoG
• One-touch anonymous game play with real-time matchmaking by AoG
• Chatting (trash-talking) using voice-IM while playing games (vs. IM texting w.out AoG)
• Buddy selection based on presence
– Management of buddy presence, with avatars, in real-time
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Global Roaming
 Global roaming allows a subscriber to roam across different
access networks while retaining full service features
 Enabler for global roaming: SuperDHLR
– A common profile database and authentication server for telecom
(wireline and wireless) and Internet users
 enables migrating to and roaming between these networks
 supports global roaming in cellular networks around the world
 integrates cellular networks and 802.11 networks
CDMA Networks
SuperDHLR
GSM/UMTS
High-speed Networks
(e.g. EvDO)
Protocol
Core
Gateways Operations
Core
Servers
Common
Profile
Database
802.11 Networks
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What is MiViewTVTM?
 TV subscription today is tied to the “home” location
– No access to subscribed content if not on “roaming” TV lineup
 MiViewTV is a paradigm shift for the TV industry
MiViewTV
Subscription  Location
Subscription  User
 Seamless TV “roaming” across:
– Any network:
Wireline, Wi-Fi
– Any location:
Home, Hotel, Bus, Train, Friend’s Home
– Any device: TV (HD, SD), Laptop, Handheld
Making TV service “follow” you wherever you go!
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MiViewTVTM Roaming Demo
Demo Scenario:
MiViewTV System Video
 Charlie is watching NFL
football
 Visitor Swarup interested in
viewing soccer (UEFA Cup)
 Charlie does not subscribe to
soccer channel (but Swarup
does)
 Using MiViewTV, Swarup
enables his roaming
subscription
 The look and feel of the
program guide now reflects
Swarup’s preferences
 Channels from both users are
available in this setup
(Football-Ch 2, Soccer-Ch 3)
 Swarup disables roaming on
the way out and the TV
returns to Charlie’s lineup
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Live TV On Computer/Hand-held
© Xinhua
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Publicity and More..
BBC: MiViewTVTM among six
“coolest” gadgets of CeBIT 2006
FT (London) article on
MiViewTVTM
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Conclusions
 All networks will converge to a few IP/MPLS
networks
 These networks will be QoS-enabled, reliable,
secure, and manageable.
 Bell Labs has several router programs to enable the
converged networks of the future: SoftRouter,
Optical Data Router, and Base Station Router.
 Bell Labs has also taken leadership in creating
enablers for global roaming and always-on.
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Backups

34
A Related Roaming Program: MiViewTVTM
 TV subscription today is tied to the “home” location
– No access to subscribed content if not on “roaming” TV lineup
 MiViewTV is a paradigm shift for the TV industry
MiViewTV
Subscription  Location
Subscription  User
 Seamless TV “roaming” across:
– Any network: Wireline, Wi-Fi, 3G
– Any location: Home, Hotel, Bus, Train, Friend’s Home
– Any device:
TV (HD, SD), Laptop, Handheld
 MiViewTV is a network-based service provider solution
– Service provider managed network provides control over roaming and avoids
theft / illegal broadcast. Key for content providers!
– Intelligence in network. Seamlessly integrates with middleware, billing, OSS
systems
Making TV service “follow” you wherever you go!
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