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Next generation networks 4G Networks Why 3G is not enough? 4G Business case 4G Networks Intra-nets (core) Inter-nets (network of networks) Role of hot spot services Standardization WWRF: Book of Visions - research areas 4G cases HAPS (Higher Altitude Platform Station) ITS (Intelligent Transport System) 2 Why 3G is not enough? higher rates than 3G can offer (2 Mbit/s - 384 kbit/s practical rates even 64 kbit/s) are required - especially in hot spots multirate (DiffServ) & QoS difficult to realize due to unintegrated core - air interfaces all-IP required - makes applications developed for Internet to apply directly in 3G interoperability with other networks and new services require more developed security 3G alone is too expensive and inflexible new technologies create new services, and increased competition that demand 4G! 3 4G Business case 4G must give more than earlier networking to make it a business case! creates fashions drives development new services must be created! needs optimized usage of network resources Content Service Carrier Equipment - adaptivity - design optimization -> cost effective design! End user main power-line! Networking participants - CF* configuration - unanimous inter-networking - simple and fair billing - CF graphical user interface (GUI) - security *Custom Friendly = adaptive, automated, personalized ... 4 4G - network of networks rates 1-100 Mb/s 64 kb/s - 3 Mb/s mobility 1-100 Mb/s -10 Mb/s 10-100 Mb/s flexible mobility Broadcasting DAB, DVB Global roaming 2G+, UMTS Office-wide hot-spots (LANs) Wire replacement networks DECT, IEEE 802.11 Bluetooth, IRdA Body area networks (BANs) IEEE802.15.3, ERM/TG31 Fixed access xDSL+DSM*, ISDN, PSTN 4G technology examples rate *DSM: Dynamic Spectrum Management 5 3G/4G cores compared O&M 3G Back compatible to 2G Circuit and packet switched network Existing and evolving network coexistence Weak support for mobility & QoS User rates up to 2 Mb/s 4G Extends 3G capacity by the order of magnitude Entirely packet switched All digital design Higher rates up to 100 Mb/s 6 Main parameters of different internet access systems 7 Main parameters of different internet access systems (cont.) 8 Moving from 3G to 4G PHS: Personal Handyphone System (128 kb/s!), see also http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/March2002/3050.htm 9 3G and WLANs* WLAN drawbacks: 2.4 GHz crowded - interference, especially with Bluetooth (5 GHz band gives relief, next slide) lack of multi-mode phones security issues handovers to GSM would give a competitive edge *Wireless Europe, issue 16, May 2002 10 range spatial capacity kbps/m2 Hot-spot capacities compared Range 50-500 meters 10-100 meters 10-100 meters few meters 11 License free bands in different countries Bands should exist at the same frequencies in different countries to enable global roaming 12 4G Standardization Main organizations WWRF (Wireless World Research Forum) IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) ITU-T (International Telecommunications Union) Mobile VCE (Virtual Centre of Excellence in Mobile and Personal Communications Ltd) 4G Mobile forum WWRF workgroups 13 Wireless World Research Forum Founded by Alcatel SA, L.M. Ericsson Telephone, Nokia and Siemens AG Objectives: Combine efforts of UMTS Forum, ETSI, 3GPP, IETF, ITU Working groups: WG1 The Human Perspective of the Wireless World WG2 The Service Architecture for the Wireless World WG3 New Communication Environment and Heterogeneous Networks WG4 Spectrum, New Air Interfaces and Ad-hoc Networking 14 15 WWRF: Book of Visions 16 17 18 19 WWRF Timelines for 4G Timelines summarized 2001: 1st Book of Visions 2003: 1st prototypes 2005: Standardization starts 2010: 4G field tests 20 4G Architectural trends 21 4G Terminals Requirements easy to use - services will be accessed! takes only a little power Pricing must be simple! price follows customer classifications universal terminal - price come from service profiles adaptive - all services potentially in the same device Practical terminal design has many interdependent challenges adaptive antennas and MIMO terminal transmission capacity computational power artificial intelligent and pattern recognition DSP techniques software radio battery lifetime system output technologies user input technologies 22 4 G business model Cash flow 4G 2. 1. 2G+ & 3G 4. 3. time 1. Lower start-up cost 2. Quicker return-of-investment 3. Faster time-to-market/profits 4. Higher revenue potential (costeffective, on-demand, up-to-date service development) 23 High Altitude Stratospheric Platform Station Systems* (HAPS) •20 km height ~ balloons or • planes (HeliNet) BW=600 MHz • fc= 47 GHz • rates: • 25 Mb/s… hundreds of Mb/s *see also http://www.skystation.com/sts.html 24 HAPS summarized Benefits versatile: multitude of services in different locations. (2G->) Also, new services broadband, also to moving stations cost-effective Open issues most feasible technology? demo missing - first follows in PIMRC'02 reliability in harsh environment service availability (rain attenuation, depends on radio frequencies) 25 Intelligent Transport System* (ITS) http://www.piarc.lcpc.fr/ - Tele-services - Improved safety - Improved traffic efficiency and reduced congestion - Improved environmental quality and energy efficiency - Improved economic productivity http://www.itsa.org/ see also: IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 26 ITS summarized Provide multimedia for drivers & passengers Solving problems such as traffic accidents & congestion Development areas: navigation, electronic tolls, assistance for safe driving … Telecomm development: road-vehicle communications, intervehicle communications Modems along roadsides using optical fibers by Radio on Fiber (ROF) technology or at 5.4 GHz band Some international projects: German ministry for education and research: COMCAR IP based multimedia & telematics applies GSM, UMTS, DVB, GPS ... EU-project: Multimedia Car Platform (MCP) Communications, navigation, entertainment ... 27 4G framework summarized 28 Abdi R. Modarressi, Seshadri Mohan: Control and Management in Next-Generation Networks: Challenges and Opportunities, IEEE Communication Magazine, Oct 2001 Stan Moyer and Amjad Umar: The Impact of Network Convergence on Telecommunications Software, IEEE Communication Magazine, Jan 2001 Helmut Bölcskei, Arogyaswami J. Paulraj, K. V. S. Hari, and Rohit U. Nabar, Willie W. Lu: ‘Fixed Broadband Wireless Access: State of the Art, Challenges, and Future Directions’, IEEE Communication, Jan 2001 Werner Mohr and Walter Konhäuser: Access Network Evolution Beyond Third Generation Mobile Communications, IEEE Communication Magazine, Dec 2000 Qi Bi, George I. Zysman, and Hank Menkes: Wireless Mobile Communications at the Start of the 21st Century, IEEE Communication Magazine, Jan 2001 Shingo Ohmori, Yasushi Yamao and Nobuo Nakajima: The Future Generations of Mobile Communications Based on Broadband Access Technologies, IEEE Communication Magazine, Dec 2000 References References Toru Otsu et al: Network Architecture for Mobile Communications Systems Beyond IMT-2000, IEEE Communications Magazine, Oct. 2001 http://www.radio.gov.uk/document/consult/5ghz/5ghz.htm http://protocols.com/papers/voip.htm http://www.cnp-wireless.com/PCS.html http://www.etsi.org/brochures/stateart/olanders.htm Http://www.dectnet.com http://www.zdnet.com/anchordesk/story/story_4439.html http://http.cs.berkeley.edu/~gribble/summaries/wireless/wlan_design.html http://rpcp.mit.edu/~gingold/cable/ http://www.etsi.org/technicalactiv/hiperlan1.htm http://webapp.etsi.org/tbhomepage/TBDetails.asp?TB_ID=287&TB_NAME=BRAN, http://www.etsi.org/technicalactiv/hiperlan2 http:// www.atmforum.com http://www.wirelesscomm.globalsources.com http://global.ihs.com http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/15/ WPAN http://users.ece.gatech.edu/~jxie/4G/index.html http://www.telecommagazine.com/ http://www.adsl.com/dsl_forum.html http://www.ezweb.ne.jp/ 29