Transcript Blue screen

CSC 318 – WEB APPLICATION
DEVELOPMENT
BY:
MUHD EIZAN SHAFIQ BIN ABD AZIZ
FACULTY COMPUTER AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES
Outline
Introduction to the Internet

What is the Internet?

Markup Language & Scripting

History of Internet

Client/Server Communication

Uses of the Internet

HTTP Communication for Web

How does the Internet works?

Other Internet Applications

Intranet Application

E-Commerce

How does data travel on the
Internet?

Online Banking

The World Wide Web
FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 2
Introduction to the Internet
What is the Internet?
 Computer network
Europe Net
- The system in which a large
number of separate but
interconnected computers serve all
of the needs
 A.K.A a collection of
interconnected networks
USA Net
India Net
M’sia Net
S’pore Net
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Introduction to the Internet
Home
World ISPs
`
Desktop/Notebook
Dial-Up/xDSL Modem
M’sia Net/WAN
(Local ISPs)
Firewall
Core
Router
UiTM Net/LAN
Firewall
Business/Organization
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Regional ISPs
Introduction to the Internet
History of Internet
 Grand parent of Internet: ARPANET (was funded by DARPA) in 1969
 Objective of ARPANET: to allow multiple users to send & receive information
simultaneously over the same communication path
 Theory of Packet Switching was introduced
 TCP/IP protocol was introduced
- Coordinate the addresses of all computers on the Internet and the way resources/data are
pass around
 TCP: provides reliable data services
 IP: provides information about how and where data should be delivered
DARPA = Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
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Introduction to the Internet
Additional Info
 What is the number of Internet users worldwide and in Malaysia?
- Worldwide incl. Malaysia: http://www.internetworldstats.com/
- Visit: MCMC Website => http://www.skmm.gov.my/facts_figures/stats/index.asp
 Who owns the Internet?
- Answer = Nobody! :-o
 Who controls the Internet?
- Corporations, governments & everybody else
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Introduction to the Internet
Additional Info
 Who governs the Internet?
- We have professional society responsible in managing the standards. To name a few:
- Internet Architecture Board (IAB): http://www.iab.org/
- Internet Research Task Force (IRTF): http://www.irtf.org/
- Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF): http://www.ietf.org/
- Internet Society (ISOC): http://www.isoc.org/
- W3C: http://www.w3.org/
- etc: (make Mr. Google as your best friend :-p)
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Introduction to the Internet
Uses of the Internet
 What do you do on the Internet?
- To find information
- To meet and communicate with people virtually
- To have fun
- To learn & study
- To do internet business
- etc.
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Introduction to the Internet
Home
How does the Internet works?
`
 Internet Service Provider = ISP
Desktop/Notebook
- Provide the Internet connection
Dial-Up/xDSL Modem
 How many ISPs in Malaysia?
M’sia Net/WAN
(Local ISPs)
- Answer: Quite a few
- Wired: TM, Jaring, Maxis
- Wireless: Jaring, Maxis, Celcom, iZZi, P1
Firewall
Core
Router
UiTM Net/LAN
Firewall
Business/Organization
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Introduction to the Internet
How does the Internet works?
Connection
Wired
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Wireless
Introduction to the Internet
How does the Internet works?
 Wired
- Fixed line
- Cable modem (dial-up|xDSL)
- LAN Cable
- Network Interface Card (NIC)
- Fiber optic backbone from Server Exchange to CPE. Provided by ISP. In this case
provided by TM because TM own all underground cabling in Malaysia.
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Introduction to the Internet
How does the Internet works?
 Wireless
- IEEE 802.11
- Types: (A|B|G|N) or so called “Wi-Fi”
- Access Point (AP) connected to wired LAN
- Clients (notebook|desktop) connected via wireless device
- Embedded in the notebook: Intel, Atheros
- External device such as USB wireless Adapter and PCI wireless card: D-Link, Aztech
- Coverage: (Small|Medium) because usually setup in an office, in a park or public spots
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Introduction to the Internet
How does the Internet works?
 Wireless
- IEEE 802.16
- Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)
- Also known as Wireless MAN
- Provides wireless internet connection over long distances
- Which companies won WiMAX license in Malaysia last year?
- Bizsurf, Packet One Networks, Asiaspace Dotcom, Redtone-CNX Broadband
- Current service in Malaysia: P1 Wimax
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Introduction to the Internet
How does the Internet works?
 Wireless
- Satellite Internet Access
- Use mobile phone coverage: (GPRS|3G|HSDPA)
- Modem (Supported mobile phone or USB Modem)
- Quite well-known these days
- ISPs: Maxis Broadband and Celcom Broadband (Celcom has widest coverage :D)
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Introduction to the Internet
How does the Internet works?
 Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
- An address to the current location of information
- protocol://host[:server port]/path/
- Example:
- http://www.yahoo.com
- http://www.uitm.edu.my/uitm
- Web browser uses the URL address to retrieve a document over the network
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Introduction to the Internet
How does the Internet works?
 Domain Name
- A name that uniquely identifies
a website on the Internet
- As a substitute for IP Address
of the website
- Example:
- URL:
http://www.uitm.edu.my/uitm
- Domain Name: uitm.edu.my
- IP Address: 202.58.80.152
- Which one is easier to
remember?
- Domain name or IP
Address?
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Introduction to the Internet
How does the Internet works?
 Domain Name
- Top-level domain (TLD) names
- Infrastructure (iTLD): .root, .arpa.
- Generic TLD (gTLD): .com, .edu, .net, .gov, etc.
- Country Code (ccTLD): .my, .uk, .id, .sg, etc.
 Domain Name Server (DNS)
- Translates domain name to IP Address
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Introduction to the Internet
How does the Internet works?
 Host Name
- A host is a (computer|device) that is connected to a network
- Each host has a name, so, we call it host name, sometimes we call it computer name
- Host name uniquely identifies a host on a network without using its IP Address
- Example:
- 1 computer named “uitmpc1” is connected to a UiTM’s network
- “uitmpc1” has a unique IP Address which is “10.0.70.55”
- You are able to access or find “uitmpc1” using its host name or IP Address
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Introduction to the Internet
How does the Internet works?
 IP Address
- A unique numeric identifier for a (computer|host|devices) on a network/Internet
- 2 versions: IPv4 and IPv6
- Type 1: Static
- IP Address assigned to a computer or other devices remains the same every time the
device is connected to the network
- Assign and change manually
- Type 2: Dynamic A.K.A Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
- It changes every time a (computer|device) is connected to the network
- More efficient way to assign IP Address to a computer or other devices
- DHCP server responsible in assigning IP Address to available hosts in the network
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Introduction to the Internet
How does the Internet works?
 Protocol
- A set of rules that enables computers to
connect and transmit data to one another
over the network/Internet
- Example:
- Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
- Internet Protocol (IP)
- Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
- File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
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Introduction to the Internet
Intranet Application
 Intranet
- A PRIVATE computer network that belongs to a business, university, government agency
or other organization that can be accessed ONLY by authorized persons, typically
employees or other members of the organization
 Intranet Application
- Main purpose: share organizational information and computing resources among
employees and others in the organization
- Authorized persons able to access the application from virtually anywhere such as from
home or while traveling
- Example:
- Websites (internal application), FTP service, E-mail, etc
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Introduction to the Internet
Internet? Intranet? Extranet?
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Introduction to the Internet
How does data travel on the network/Internet?
1. Your Computer sends page
request and then translates the
information sent back into the words
and images that make up the Web
page
US
MY
AU
4. Web Servers are computers that
answer your request for a particular
Web page with the information
required to build that page on your
computer
JP
`
Your computer
ISPs
Web Servers
UK
2. ISPs provide internet
connection for home user
and business or
organization for a fee
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Routers
3. Routers are computers that
receive information and forward it to
the correct destination over the most
efficient route available at that
moment
Introduction to the Internet
How does data travel on the network/Internet?
Bear in mind, data travel
on the network/Internet in
digital form (0|1)
01000011 01010011 01000011 00110011 00110001 00110111
`
Your Computer
Web Servers
Network/Internet
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Introduction to the Internet
The World Wide Web
 W3 = World Wide Web, allows computer users locate and view multimedia-based
documents on almost any subject.
- Written in HTML
- Contain text, image, audio, video
- Distributed Hypermedia System - heterogeneous hypermedia information repositories
that are distributed across local- and wide-area networks
 W3 was developed by Tim Berners-Lee of CERN (the European Organization for
Nuclear Research) in 1990. He also developed several communication protocols
as a backbone of the web.
 (October, 1994) – Tim Berners-Lee founded W3C. The goal is to make the Web
universally accessible, in terms of ability, language or culture.
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Introduction to the Internet
The World Wide Web
 They also formed various standards known as RECOMMENDATIONS.
 It includes:
- XHTML
- CSS
- HTML
- XML
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Introduction to the Internet
Markup Language & Scripting
 Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML): HTML, XML
 Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language (DHTML): XHTML, CSS
 Perl
 PHP
 Coldfusion
 ASP, (ASP|VB).NET
 Java Technology: Applet, Java Servlet, JSP
 etc (again, ask Mr. Google to help you :-p)
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Introduction to the Internet
Client/Server Communication
 What is server?
- A (software program|computer) that provides a specific kind of service to client software
running on the same computer or other (clients|computers) on a network
- Example:
- Web server, file server, DHCP server
 What is client?
- A (computer|program|process) that makes requests for information from another
(computer|program|process) in a client-server relationship
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Introduction to the Internet
Client/Server Communication
Send request to the server
Return file to the client
`
Client-side
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Send another request to the server
Return required file to the client
Server-side
Introduction to the Internet
Client/Server Communication
 Some of the protocols involved:
- Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
- Port 80
- Simple protocol for file transfer over the network/Internet
- File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
- Port 21
- Standard method for (sharing|downloading) files over the Internet for many years
- Commonly used to transfer Web page files from their creator to server.
- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
- Port 25
* Note: Do you want to know the other port numbers? Visit
http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers
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Introduction to the Internet
Client/Server Communication
 Common software requirement at the client side: Web browser
- Internet Explorer
- Firefox
- Opera
- Konqueror
- Safari
 Common software requirement at the server side: Web server
- Microsoft Products: PWS or IIS
- Open Source Products: Apache, Tomcat, etc.
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Introduction to the Internet
HTTP Communication for Web
 Two types of Web:
- Static Web
- The contents of the web are fixed
- Hard coded in the HTML
- Dynamic Web
- Dynamic content
- The web is connected to the database (e.g. MS Access)
- Required client and server side scripting
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Introduction to the Internet
HTTP Communication for Web
Hello!
`
Hello
Can you give me index.php file?
Server Side
Client Side
Okay, here is the index.php file
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Introduction to the Internet
Other Internet Applications
 Email
- The most popular service
- Take few (seconds|minutes) to be delivered
- Normally can be enclosed with attachment
 File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
- Common application to download file from Internet to user’s computer OR upload files to
server
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Introduction to the Internet
Other Internet Applications
 Instant Messaging
- The most popular Internet application
- Real-time conversation
- Example: Yahoo! Messenger, GoogleTalk, MSN Messenger, IRC, etc.
 Plug-ins
- Programs that extend capability of web browser
- Example: Apple QuickTime, RealPlayer, Shockwave Player, Windows Media Player, etc.
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Introduction to the Internet
Other Internet Applications
 Discussion Forums
- A place where people discuss things or common interest
- Example: Anime, Sports, TV Series, etc
- Type 1: Newsgroups A.K.A Usenet
- Wide range of subjects
- Disseminate to computers around the world that run news server
- Available worldwide
- Type 2: Mailing List
- Based on email subscription
- Forum discussions will come straight to your email inbox
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Introduction to the Internet
Other Internet Applications
 Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
- A.K.A Internet Telephony
- Make phone calls over the Internet
- Latest IM applications can be used to initiate VoIP call
- Required devices:
- (Client|Computer) equipped with microphone and speaker OR
- Traditional telephone with special adapter OR
- VoIP Phone
- Call charges: free OR less than normal phone call charges
- Can be used by individuals or business organizations
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Introduction to the Internet
E-Commerce
 A.K.A E-Business
- Buying and selling of (products|services) on the Internet
- The amount of trade increased dramatically
- Category 1: Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
- Direct online sale between supplier and individual customer
- Example: Dell sells (desktop|notebook) to consumer, Amazon.com
- Category 2: Business-to-Business (B2B)
- Online transactions between businesses
- Example: Advertising companies sell services to business organizations
- Category 3: Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) A.K.A P2P
- Exchanges (between|among) consumers
- Example: eBay.com, mudah.com.my, etc.
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Introduction to the Internet
E-Commerce
 A.K.A E-Business
- Category 4: Consumer-to-Business (C2B)
- Individuals offer (products|services) to companies and the companies pay them
- Example: Freelance web designers sell services to companies
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Introduction to the Internet
Online Banking
 A.K.A Internet Banking
- Part of E-Commerce applications
- Allow customers to conduct financial transaction on a secure website and connection
- Advantage: customers do not need to be at the bank physically
- Disadvantage: vulnerable to risks (fraud, unauthorized access, identity theft, virus attacks)
- What you can do on Online Banking?
- Access your bank account
- Money transfer
- Bills payment
- OB in Malaysia
- maybank2u, CIMB Clicks, Bank Islam Internet Banking
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Question?
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Bibliography (Books & PPT Slide)
 Knuckles (2001). Introduction to Interactive Programming on the Internet using
HTML & Javascript. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
 Dean, T (2006). Network+ Guide to Networks. Thomson Course Technology.
 Azlan Ismail (2005). Introduction to Web Programming. FTMSK, UiTM.
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Bibliography (Websites)
 http://www.w3concepts.com/w3Main/GoverningTheNet.htm
 http://www.icann.org/tlds/
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top-level_domain
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_top-level_domain
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain
 http://www.webdevelopersjournal.com/columns/ajs_who_controls_internet.html
 http://www.bellevuelinux.org/
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