Networking and communication
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Transcript Networking and communication
THE NETWORKS
Theo Chakkapark
Open System Interconnection
The tower of power!
The source of this power comes
from the model’s flexibility
Network Topologies
Ring
Network Topologies
Bus
Network Topologies
Star
TCP/IP protocol
Internet uses
TCP/IP protocol
Internet Addressing
IP Address
Internet Addressing
Port
TCP/IP Protocol Suite: Encapsulation
It’s kinda like Tetris(TM)!
Domain Name System
Sorta like the yellow pages, but for the internet
Networking Equipment
Repeaters are like the Verizon Guy, they never shut
up, but that’s a good thing in networking
Networking Equipment
Hubs
Networking Equipment
Switch
Networking Equipment
Router
END
NO MORE PAST THIS POINT
Serious stuff here
OSI Model
Highest
level is the application layer, provides
interface to allow applications to communicate with
each other over network
Presentation layer ensures that data is presented to
communication applications in a common format (ie
delivers data in big/little endian format)
Session layer establishes/terminates communication
sessions between host processes; maintains integrity of
communication even if layers below lose data
Serious stuff here
OSI Model Continued
Transport layer ensure reliable transmission from the source
to destination and creates communication resources so data
is transferred quickly and effectively; provides error
recovery
Network layer routes data through systems and
subnetworks, which consists of a topology, or connectivity
among network components
Data-link layer manages direct connections between
components on the network
Physical layer ensures that the raw data is transmitted from
a source to a destination over the physical medium; transmits
and repeats signals across network boundaries
Serious stuff here
Topologies
Bus:
Components connected through a single cable that
runs the network
+
Each component can communicate directly with any other
component on the bus, and easy to add new components
- Length limit on cabling, breaks in cable can disrupt the
network
Ring:
Uses single cable, where the ends are jointed.
Packets pass around the ring until they reach
destination
Serious stuff here
Topologies Cont.
Star:
The
Each component is connected to a central hub
hub receives data from one component and forwards it
to all other components, leaving it to the individual
components to determine whether or not they are the target
+ Most of the network service, troubleshooting, and wiring
changes are done on the central hub
- Problems with the hubs affects the entire network
- Requires more cabling than a bus or ring
Serious stuff here
IP Addresses
IP
addresses are like an apartment address
Ports are like the individual unit numbers in an
apartment
Data has an IP address and a port, so it knows where
to travel to
DNS = Domain Name System
Like a phone book: Domain names are looked up in
DNS, and translated to an IP destination
Serious stuff here
TCP/IP Protocol
At the application layer, a process can exchange data with
another process anywhere on the internet and treat the
connection as if it were a file on the local system
The network layer deals with hop-by-hop communication
The transport layer deals with end-to-end communication;
uses Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
The link layer is responsible for getting frames of bits from
one machine to another
Serious stuff here
TCP/IP Encapsulation
User data is sent from the application layer to the
transport layer
The OS adds a TCP header that identify the source and
destination ports, forming a TCP segment, and sends that to
the network layer
In the network layer, an IP header identifying the source
and destination systems are added, which gets sent to the
link layer
The link layer appends information that allows this data to
pass through a medium, such as ethernet, or ADSL
Serious stuff here
Repeaters regenerate or amplify electrical signals in the
network
Hubs propagate data through the network without regard
to the actual destination; it sends it through the ENTIRE
network
Switches are an intelligent hub, where it can send data to
an intended destination without sending it to other
computers
Routers bridge networks together; differs from switch in that a
switch forwards based on destination address, while a router
forwards packets based on protocol