Transcript Defining Network System Components

Implementing Network Printing
Novell NetWare 6.0
Printing
Objectives
Explain how printers are accessed on a network
• Describe and set up a legacy queue-based printing
system, including print queues, printers, and print
servers
• Describe the Novell Distributed Print Services
components, and use NetWare Administrator and
iManager to create and configure NDPS components
Printing
Objectives
Install printers on user workstations by using
Windows Add Printer, NDPS Remote Manager,
and iPrint
• Define and implement a network printing
environment that uses iPrint to enable users to
access and manage printers across networks
Printing
Network Printing Overview
• The basic function of network printing is to take output
formatted by an application running on the user’s computer
and then send that output to a shared printer attached to
the network
• The processor sending output from a user’s computer to a
print job storage area is referred to as spooling
• As illustrated in Figure 8-1, the print server software
actually makes network printing happen by retrieving print
jobs and sending them to the assigned network printer
Printing
Network Printing
Printing
Queue-based Printing System
Components
• Queue-based printing, available since NetWare 3,
was designed to support simple printers and DOSbased applications
• Because many NetWare networks still use queuebased printing systems, as a CNA you’ll be
required to know the basic components and
operation of queue-based printing
Printing
Print Queues
• A print queue is a network object that represents a
•
•
network holding area for storing output from
workstations in a form ready to send directly to a printer
As shown in Figure 8-2, a print queue allows multiple
workstations on a network to use the same printer by
storing the printer output from each client as a separate
print job
In queue-based printing, print jobs are actually files
containing output formatted for a specific printer
Printing
Queue-based Printing
Printing
Printers
• Printers can be attached to the network in one
of the following three ways, as illustrated in
Figure 8-4:
– Locally to the print server
– Remotely through a workstation
– Directly to the network cable
Printing
Printer Attachment Methods
Printing
Remote Attachment
• Remote printers, which are attached to other clients on
•
the network, are also called manual load printers
because you must manually load software on the client
computer to connect to the printer to the print server
After the software has been loaded on the client
computer, print jobs can be sent to its remote printer,
using the network cable to transmit packets of printed
data from the print server to the client with the remote
printer attached
Printing
Local Attachment
• Locally attached printers are attached directly to a
•
•
printer port on the server running the print server
software (PSERVER.NLM)
In NetWare, these printers are called automatic load
printers because output is sent directly from the print
server to the local printers through the ports on the
server
Automatic load printers can be attached to the parallel
(LPTn) or serial (COMn) port of the server running he
print server software
Printing
Direct Attachment
• A popular alternative to using remote printers attached to
a client computer is to attach the printer directly to the
network cable with a special network card for the printer or
by using a dedicated print server device, such as HewlettPackard’s JetDirect products
• Dedicated print server devices have a network port, one or
more printer ports, and built-in software that enables them
to receive print jobs from the network and print them on
attached printers
Printing
Print Servers
• A print server actually makes queue-based printing
happen by taking print jobs from print queues on
NetWare servers and sending them to the assigned
printer, as shown in Figure 8-5
• Printers can be attached directly to the print server as
with local printers, attached remotely through a client
running the NPTWIN95 software, or attached directly to
the network through a device such as the HP JetDirect
Printing
A NetWare Print Server
Printing
Setting Up Queue-based Printing
• Setting up a simple queue-based network printing
system involves these basic steps:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Define the network printers and how they will be attached
Create a print queue for each printer
Create an eDirectory printer object to represent each printer
Define a print server object to send output from the print
queues to the corresponding printer
5. Load the print server and any remote printer software
Printing
Troubleshooting
Queue-based Printing
• Typically, when you begin troubleshooting a network printing
•
•
•
•
problem, you should gather information about the problem and
how it occurs
Part of this process is determining whether the particular
printing process worked in the past
If printing has been working the past, before spending a lot of
time digging into the details, you should try these Novellrecommended quick-fix techniques listed on page 343 of the
textbook
If the queue-based printing problems cannot be corrected with
these quick fixes, you need to determine whether the problem
occurs before or after the print queue
You can perform the steps shown on pages 343 and 344 of the
textbook to determine whether the printing problem occurs
after the print job reaches the print queue
Printing
Implementing Novell
Distributed Print Services
• The Novell Distributed Print Services (NDPS) system is the
result of a joint effort by Novell, Hewlett-Packard, and
Xerox to develop a truly distributed network printing
system based on the International Standards Organization
(ISO) 10175
Document Printing Application (DPA) standard
• NDPS is designed to simplify setting up and maintaining
network printing by taking advantage of new client
software and more sophisticated printers
• In NDPS printing, each printer is represented by an agent
that can advertise itself on the network
Printing
Setting Up NDPS Components
• Before implementing the NDPS network printing
•
environment for the UAS network, you need to
understand the basic NDPS components and how they
work together
In the following sections, you learn about these NDPS
components and how they are implemented in an NDPS
printing environment:
– Physical printers
– Brokers
– Gateways
– NDPS Manager
– NDPS printer agents
Printing
Physical Printers
• In addition to defining the type of printer used, you need
•
to identify how each printer will be attached to the
network
As in queue-based printing, NDPS printers can be
physically attached to the network in one of three ways:
– Locally to the server
– Remotely through a workstation
– Directly to the network cable
Printing
Brokers
• The NDPS Broker component provides these
services to the printer agents running on the
network and includes the following services for
all printer agents:
– Resource Management Service (RMS)
– Event Notification Service (ENS)
– Service Registry Services (SRS
Printing
NDPS Manager
• NDPS Manager consists of software along with an eDirectory object
used to create, manage, and run printer agents for printers that do
not have embedded printer agents
• NDPS Manager’s eDirectory object contains configuration
information that tells the NDPS Manager software where to store
print jobs and which users have rights to perform management
tasks
• There’s no limit on the number of printer agents that can be
controlled from one NDPS Manager, but a large network can have
multiple NDPS Managers running on separate NetWare servers to
delegate administrative tasks or reduce network traffic across
routers and WANs as shown in Figure 8-12
Printing
Multiple NDPS Managers
Printing
Loading Broker and NDPS Manager
Software
• Before creating the other NDPS
objects, the Broker and NDPS
Manager software components need
to be loaded onto the NetWare server
Printing
Printer Agents
• Printer agents are software components that represent network
printers, formatting the core of the NDPS architecture; each physical
printer on the network must be represented by a printer agent
• To configure and manage NDPS, you need to understand and work
with printer agents, which perform the following three basic
functions for a networked printer:
– Receive spooled output from applications running on client computers and store
the output as a print job in a database located on the NetWare server
– Act as a print server by taking print jobs from the server database and printing
them on the printer
– Provide printer status and control information to network clients through the
Broker
Printing
Printer Agents
• Printer agents can be classified as public access or controlled access
• As the name implies, public access printers are available to anyone
with an attachment to the network
• These printers are the easiest to set up because they do not require
a corresponding eDirectory object
• Controlled access printers provide more security and manageability,
but for each controlled access printer, you need to create and
configure an eDirectory object and then grant access to that object
for the appropriate users or groups
Printing
Gateways
• As you will see in the diagram, gateways are used
to connect physical printers to their associated
printer agents running on NDPS Manager
• Gateways ensure that printer agents can
communicate with physical printers regardless of
the attachment method or port connecting the
printer to the network
Printing
The Printer Agent Uses
a Gateway to Access a Printer
Printing
The HP and Xerox Gateways
• The HP gateway software connects printer agents
to printers attached to the network via an HP
JetDirect print server or an HP JetDirect card
• This gateway can be configured to locate all
printers attached to the network via an HP
JetDirect print server or JetDirect card and then
automatically create printer agents for them
Printing
The Novell Gateway
• The Novell gateway consists of two major components: the Print
Device Subsystem (PDS) and the Port Handler (PH)
• The PDS translates control information, such as commands for
landscape or duplex printing, to the appropriate escape code
sequence for the printer
• The PH is responsible for directing output to the correct physical
printer using one of the following methods:
– Local ports
– Remote printers
– Print queue
Printing
Installing NDPS
Printers on User Workstations
• AS with queue-based printing, to use an NDPS printer, a
•
•
workstation must have a printer driver and client
The driver is used by applications to format the data
correctly for the printer’s make and model, and the
printer client is responsible for sending output to the
network printer agent
As with queue-based printers, you can manually install a
network printer on a user’s workstation with the Add
Printer function in the Windows Printers dialog box
Printing
Installing NDPS
Printers on User Workstations
• To automatically
install printers on
user workstations,
you use NetWare
Administrator to
add the printers to
the NDPS Remote
Printer
Management
dialog box, as
shown in Figure 827
Printing
Troubleshooting NDPS Printing
• Many of the basics you learned about
troubleshooting queue-based network printing
problems apply to NDPS printing
• Following are some “quick” fixes Novell
recommends for solving problems that occur
when setting up NDPS printing
Printing
Isolating Single-Workstation
Printer Problems
Printing
Isolating NDPS Printer Problems
Printing
Isolating NDPS Printer Problems
Printing
iPrint and the Internet Printing Protocol
(IPP)
• In NetWare 6, Novell has removed the requirement for the Novell
client and replaced it with the iPrint system
• As part of Novell’s OneNet strategy, iPrint makes network printing
independent from the client software and type of network
connection
• By using the industry-standard Internet Printing Protocol (IPP),
iPrint enables users to print from anywhere to anywhere
• Using iPrint, users can use a Web browser to locate printers and
then automatically download and install the latest printer drivers on
their workstations
Printing
Enabling Printers for iPrint
• For an existing NDPS printer agent to be accessed from
iPrint using IPP, the printer must first be IPP enabled
• Enabling a printer agent identifies and connects it to the
IPPSRVR software running on the NetWare 6 server
Printing
Installing the iPrint
Client and IPP Printers
• With Novell’s iPrint system, you can install the printer driver and client
•
•
•
•
on a user workstation from your Web browser
Using iPrint simplifies the task of setting up a network printer and
enables computers to print to NDPS printers without using Novell Client
This feature will be important for the UAS Shipping and Receiving
computers, which do not use Novell Client
On the NetWare server, iPrint works through the IPPSRVR.NLM software
and a set of HTML pages available from the NetWare Web server
Installing a printer on the user workstation involves three steps as
shown on page 366 of the textbook
Printing
Defining a Printing Environment
Step 1: Defining Printer Requirements
• The first step in defining a printing environment is to
•
identify the number and types of network printers that
the organization will need
To do this, you need to analyze the requirements of each
user’s application software and his or her printing needs
Printing
Step 2: Determining Printer
Location and Attachment Method
• After identifying the printers that will meet
the projected printing requirements of
users, the next consideration is the
physical location of the printers, including
how they will be attached to the network
Printing
Step 3: Defining Printer Names
• To keep your printing system as simple as
•
possible, select and print queue names will
enable you to quickly identify the printer when
working with the printing environment
One method is defining one- to six-character
codes that identify the printer’s location, model,
and number so that each printer name consists
of the codes for location, model, and number,
separated by hyphens or underscores
Printing
Step 4: Planning
the eDirectory Context
• As with all network objects, you need to define printers,
print queues, and print servers in the eDirectory tree
• Before you can implement network printing, you need to
plan where you’ll place printing objects in the tree
structure
Printing
Setting Up the Printing Environment
• After defining the printing components and their location in
eDirectory, you can continue implementing the network
printing environment by using NetWare Administrator or
iManager to create and configure eDirectory objects for
print queues, printers, and the print server
Printing
Creating and
Configuring Printer Agents
• After the NDPS Manager has been loaded onto your
network, you can create the printer agents
Printing
Configuring Printers
on Client Computers
• As you have learned, for users to access NDPS printers,
•
they need to have the IPP or NDPS client software
installed on their workstations along with the necessary
printer drivers
In addition to selecting printers by name, with NDPS you
can have printers automatically installed on user
workstations or selected from a map of the facility
Printing
Automatically Installing
Printers on User Workstations
• You have learned how to use the Novell iPrint utility to
•
•
select and install a printer to which you have access
However, installing NDPS printers in this manner can be
time-consuming and might require special training for
users to install their own printers
To speed up and simplify the task of installing NDPS
printers on user workstations, Novell has provided NDPS
with the ability to automatically install printers on user
workstations when users log in
Printing
Summary
• In cooperation with Hewlett-Packard and Xerox, Novell
•
•
has developed a new network printing environment
called Novell Distributed Printing Services (NDPS)
Printer agents are software that make up the core of
NDPS
Client computers send formatted printer output to printer
agents, which then control the physical printer
Printing
Summary
• As part of the Novell OneNet strategy, iPrint uses the
•
•
Internet Printing Protocol (IPP) to enable printers to be
installed, accessed, and managed anywhere from a Web
browser
iPrint consists of three components: the IPPSRVR
module on the NetWare server, a Web browser client,
and NDPS printers that are enabled for IPP access
The component used to create and run printer agents is
called the NDPS Manager
Printing
Summary
• Because not all clients are immediately compatible with
NDPS, Novell offers backward-compatibility with older
clients through the use of print queues, which consist of a
directory on the file system for holding print jobs until the
printer is ready to use them
• The first task in establishing the printer environment is to
define the printing requirements for each user’s
applications, determining the types and number of printers
required, their location on the network, and their
attachment method
Printing
Summary
• After defining the printing environment, the next step is
to install the printing system
• NetWare Administrator is used for most of the work
involved in setting up and maintaining the NetWare
printing system
Printing