Transcript Chapter 1 PPT/Keynote Link

COMM 3353: Information &
Communicattion Tehnologies I
Dr. Shawn McCombs
Chapter 1a: Introduction and Brief History of the
Internet
COMM 3353:
Information &
Communicatio
n
Technologies I
Chapter 1:
Introduction to the
Internet and the World
Wide Web
The Internet and the
World Wide Web
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What is the Internet?
Who Uses the Internet?
Models of Communication and the WWW
World Wide Web and Mass Media
Practical Applications
…..
What is the Internet?
Network of networks
Brilliantly structured to facilitate global
communication
Mass Communication Potential
Message Sender, Message Provider
Changes the way people receive and
transmit information
E.g. News, TV, Radio, Personal
Websites
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….
Internet responsible for the change of
media news patterns
Lifestyle changes of millions of people
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physiology
Social interaction
Habitual and attitudinal changes
Technophobia and Cyberphobia (going,
going, gone…)
How does it work?
Quick Time™a nd a
TIFF ( LZW) d ecomp res sor
ar e nee ded to see this pictur e.
S
C
Server
Client
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web 1.0 vs Web 2.0
1980’s - Y2K:
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Humble beginnings
Static page design mainstream
2005 - 2013
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Web Renaissance
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Multimedia-based web design
Dynamic web building replaces Static Web
Culture trumps technology
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Social networking becomes driving force on web
web sits and other technologies are designed with
comfort and convenience of user in mind
2013 - Current
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The Cloud
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So, What is the Internet?
Network consisting of over millions of
interconnected sub-networks worldwide
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No single owner
Comprised of various text-only and multimedia-based
resources
Major Components of the Internet:
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eMail (Electronic Mail)
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Developed in early days of internet
Currently most popular and widely used application
World Wide Web
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Software Application used on the internet to manage
output
Presents information in text, audio, video, graphic format
…….
Web Users and Profiles
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July 1995
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October 1995
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Number had grown to 8.5 million pages
July 1996
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Estimated 4 million documents available on the web
Estimated to contain between 16 - 50 million pieces of
information
By 1998, the number of internet pages toped 150
million
July 2011
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Estimates at 1 Billion
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Web Users and Profiles
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Recent data shows US consumption at >
200 million users (China at 1.87 Million)*
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3 in every 4 adults gets online
37% of working adults use the internet
at home
2 Million new long-term users each
month
>600 Million users worldwide
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Mass media and Critical Mass of
Adopters
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Media to be considered “Mass”
requires attainment of Critical Mass
Status
Critical Mass is achieved when 16%
(approx. 50 million) of the population
has adopted an innovation
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Surfers > 10 hours per week:
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Increased from 29% in ‘95 to 82% by
’11
Average users spend 13.9 hours per
week cruising sites
Nearly 1/2 of all users visit at least one
web site daily
8 out of 10 users access Social Media
and eMail daily
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Male users dominate the web
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Although female user-share has increased
dramatically (31% - 40%)
Women users tend to be slightly younger
than male counter parts
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Average User Age Demographics:
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Women: 31.9 y/o
Men: 33.4 y/o
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Retirees and older Americans have
surpassed students as the fastest growing
group of online users.
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$1.3 Trillion spent 2010 alone,
accounting for the largest spending
group on the internet.
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Average Annual Income:
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$58,000
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Remains high, but has fallen slightly
as more students go online
Communication Models
and the World Wide Web
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Traditional mass media
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1:M communication model
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One source speaks at one time to
many people
Differs from interpersonal 1:1 model of
communication that occurs when 1
person talks to another
Marriage of computer systems and
internet has given rise to Hybrid model of
communication, M:1 Model
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M:1 model of mass communication
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Cross between mass broadcasting and
interpersonal communication
Large amounts of info entered by many
different sources and are stored until
retrieved by individuals
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Internet crosses traditional boundaries of
three modes of mass communication
(1:1, 1:M, M:1)
Internet architecture allows for all three
types of communication, with a fourth
type (M:N) emerging
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On the internet everyone can be a producer,
receiver; personal or en-mass
Information can be provided / accessed by many
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WWW: a revolutionary creation
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Technologically unique
Traditional-medium properties
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Radio can be heard and is portable
TV is visual and captivating
Print is absorbing and can be read
anytime
Now the Web offers many of these
same advantages
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Content:
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WWW blurs distinction among normal
media distribution channels
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WWW takes everything and
disseminates it equally
Traditional methods are visibly
different
Characteristics of Mass
Media
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Audience
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RTV Reaches Large Audiences
simultaneously
Telephone is intended for one person
at a time
Thousands of web users can look at
the same page at the same time
Email is intended for one or several
people at a time
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Time
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Asynchronous
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Variable time delay between print /
receipt
Synchronous
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No perceptible delay
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Display and Distribution
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Display:
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Distribution
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Technological means used to present
information (audio, visual, text)
Method used to carry information
(wire, cable)
Distance
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Some media better suited for different
distances
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Storage
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Limited to those media that have
electronic means of housing large
amounts of information
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CD, HD, Tape
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Virtually unlimited storage space
Newspaper houses, Print shops
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Limited space for back-issue
storage
The Internet and the
World Wide Web
• Short Break
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History of the Internet
History of the World Wide Web
How do they work?
Connecting to the Internet
Navigation
Selecting a Browser
Online Services
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I nternet vs. i nternet
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An internet (small “i”) refers to any
network of computers
The Internet (large “I”) is a specific
name
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Given to the communication network
comprised of hundreds of thousands
of inter-connected networks
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The Internet is not a new development
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Conceptualized in the early 1960’s
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Rand Corp. (Paul Baran) envisioned
email
Outlined proposal to US Govt.
regarding the need for a
communications network in case of a
nuclear attack against the US.
ARPAnet (Advanced Research Projects
Agency) was created to facilitate
network research
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1970’s brought about Stanford
University’s testing and development of
early internet protocols
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Vinton Cerf -- Father of the Internet
1980’s & National Science Foundation
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NSF obtained control of network for
government and educational use
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Also in the 1980’s:
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Tim Berners-Lee of CERN (European
Laboratory of Particle Physics) began
working on WWW
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Software for world-wide
interconnectivity
Berners-Lee -- Father of WWW
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Developed the Web as a means of
sharing scientific information
Written as an “…Internet-based
hypermedia initiative for global
information sharing.”
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Internet surfing -- pre-browser era
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Before the Web, information retrieval
was accomplished through a number of
complicated steps and commands
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Difficult
Time consuming
Required greater-than-normal
understanding of computing in order
to operate
“Private” until 1993 with the birth of
Mosaic
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The internet as a Packet-Switched
network
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Bundles of data are broken up,
transmitted, and reassembled at the
other end
Transmitted data are mixed together
with all the other data on the internet
until it reaches it final destination
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Data flows through the internet via many
interconnected computers
Clients, Servers, and Routers
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Clients: Originating User’s Computer
Server: Powerful, Continuous Internet
Access
Router: Computers that link networks
together
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TCP/IP
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Sets definitions for how data
transmission takes place.
TCP (Transmission Control Protocols)
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Defines how computers
communicate with each other
IP (Internet Protocols)
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Tells routers how to reassemble data
packets
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HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
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WAIS (Wide Area Info System
Protocol)
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Rules for accessing text-only file
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FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
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WWW Documents
Data transfer from one computer to
another
Telnet (Terminal Emulation Protocol)
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A company that provides the
connection between remote locations
and the internet
The two most important ISP Services:
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Flashnet, EV1, PDQ.net
Fast, reliable service with no busy
signals
Reliable email delivery in less than 5
minutes
Individuals pay a monthly subscription
rate for permission to dial-in to their
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Online Services
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AOL, CompuServe, Prodigy
ISP’s on steroids
Provide extra services in addition to the
plain “net connection”
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On-line databases
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Govt. and Commercial information
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Search engines
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Many Online Services provide their own browsers
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Internet Addresses
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InterNIC
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Domain Name registration
Sets rules
Assigns IP Addresses
Organizes participant categories
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Universities, Businesses
Networks, Organizations
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First-Level Domain Extender
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a.k.a. Top-Level Domain
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Thee letter code added to each address
(e.g.: .COM)
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Com = commercial
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Edu = education (university)
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Gov = Government
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Mil = Military
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Every person given access to the internet
is assigned an IP Address
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Unique to each user
Serves as a locator
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When a request is sent from a client
to a location on the internet, the reply
is made by recognizing the IP
Address
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Internet Addresses (aka Canonical
Addresses) are associated with the IP
Address
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Registered at the same time
Also called DNS (Domain Name
System)
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[email protected]
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(e.g.: [email protected])
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Net Browsers
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Mosaic
Netscape
Internet Explorer
Present online information in a
readable format to the user.
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Done by interpretation of a web
programming language called HTML
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Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
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World Wide Web Programming
Language
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Consists of a series of commands
that tell browsers how to read and
present data to the user.
Uses tags to accomplish page
formatting
Not actually a programming language
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Lacks compiling ability
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Making Web Pages Dynamic
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Scripting
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Used in conjunction with HTML
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Web Programming using JAVA or
VBScript
HTML = Static
SCRIPTING = Dynamic
JavaScript, VBScript
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programming code written within
HTML Document that causes
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Moving around the web: Two Methods
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Hot Links and Buttons
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Links are hidden HTML commands
that, when activated, can take a user
to another web site
URL
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The URL (Uniform Resource
Locator) is the HTML’s specific web
address
URL by Bookmarking or Favorites
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Personal Preference
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Although some determining factors:
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Security
Size of browser
Cost
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Not really an issue any more
Compatibility
The Internet and the
World Wide Web
• End Chapter 1
Presentation