Transcript No Slide Title

Next Generation Networks:
Paradigm Shifts and their Effects
Source: Rapporteur Q1/13 (Keith Knightson)
Keith Knightson
1806 Lahey Court
Kanata
Ontario, K2W 1B2
CANADA
Tel: +1 613 839 0404
E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract:
This presentation has two primary objectives:
a) the formulation of a set of paradigm(s) to represent the
holistic effects and major changes that will result from
deployment of NGN technologies;
b) identification the areas that will be impacted by effects
and impacts of the NGN paradigm(s) on the
telecommunications environment (including
telecommunications industry and related
infrastructures), and other relevant issues.
The general challenges of converged networks to
technical policy will be discussed.
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Legacy: Vertically-Integrated Networks
Pre-NGN
Video
Services
(TV, movie, etc)
Telephone
Services
Data
Services
(WWW,
e-mail, etc)
Video
Services
Network
Telephone
Services
Network
Data
Services
Network
Policy Area 2
Policy Area 3
Policy Area 1
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NGN: Horizontally-Integrated Network
NGN - Convergence
Video Services (TV, movie, etc)
Data Services (WWW, e-mail, etc)
Telephone Services
Services
Point to point, Point to multipoint, Multipoint to multipoint
Transport
Point to point, Point to multipoint, Multipoint to multipoint
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Separation of Service from Network
Application
Server
Users
Switched
Access
Network(s)
Transport
Protocol
Interworking
Application
Server
Switched
Core
Packet
Network(s)
Single point
Or
Distributed
Application
Switched
Access
Network(s)
Users
Transport
Protocol
Interworking
5
Re-distribution of Service Intelligence
Migration of
Service Intelligence
User Access
Domain Domain
Core
Domain
Access
Domain
User
Domain
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Impacts and Effects on Service Provision - 1
•
The separation facilitates the unbundling of services and
facilities (in both access and core).
•
Each vertical stratum of NGN has its own horizontal
architecture.
•
The location of service platforms is not restricted.
•
Telecom industry will bifurcate to reflect the new NGN
architecture.
•
NGN architecture will facilitate competition and
innovation among service providers.
•
Service intelligence will migrate to the edges.
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Impacts and Effects on Service Provision - 2
•
Telephone service will not follow the traditional centrex,
local or long distance approaches.
•
Policy frameworks designed for vertically-integrated
networks are not transferable to a horizontallyintegrated NGN.
•
In an NGN, two separate policy frameworks are
required:
• one applicable to transport networks, and
• another applicable to content-based services.
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Internet is Basis for NGN?
NGN  Internet
But
NGN = Internet +  f(x)
x=n
x=1
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NGN: Shape of things to come
Services
(Any/All Applications
e.g. voice , data , video)
Anything & Everything
Internet Protocol
(IP)
Transport
Scope
Of
“Internet”
Everything
(Any & All Network technologies)
Two Policy Domains
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Simplified Protocol Architecture
Non-IP
Services
Applications
Application Helpers (UDP, TCP, RTP, etc)
IP
MPLS or shim
(Optional)
Optical Bit Transport
Ethernet
LAN
or
MAN
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Impacts and Effects of Internet as NGN - 1
•
IP will become the networking protocol of choice.
•
Frame Relay and ATM will diminish in importance.
•
Optical networks will be a key component.
•
The power and influence of ITU-T will wane, unless
operators act.
•
Operational and quality standards of networks may
decline.
•
Whose standards will become the basis for international
agreements?
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Impacts and Effects of Internet as NGN - 2
•
Theoretically, NGN promotes competitive service
innovation.
•
Broadband brings more speed, but may restrict the
user’s choice of services and service providers.
•
User’s life will become more complicated.
•
Services need to be unbundled from transport
particularly in access network.
•
Policy vacuum exists for converged, horizontallyintegrated NGN.
•
The “technical basis” for policy must be separated from
policy itself.
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Broadband: Equal Access Model
SP1
SP2
SP4
SP3
Access or Backbone
SP5
Access or Backbone
User1
User2
SP = Service Provider
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Broadband: Bottleneck Access Model
SP3
SP4
SP5
SP6
SP7
Backbone
Backbone
Access
User1
SP1
User2
Access
User3
User4
SP2
User5
User6
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Impacts and Effects on Broadband - 1
•
The separation facilitates the unbundling of services and
facilities.
•
Access should permit:
•
•
•
•
Policy recognition of two access frameworks:
•
•
•
independent provision of terminal equipment,
user choice for service provision, and
use of multiple service providers.
Equal Service Access Architecture, and
Bottlenecked Service Access Architecture.
Mass migration from dial-up access can be expected.
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Impacts and Effects on Broadband - 2
•
Standards need to be rationalized among access systems
such as DSL, cable wireless, etc.
•
User lock-in is a common issue, due to proprietary and
bundled systems.
•
No technical reason why all services (voice, data, video)
cannot be supplied over a single physical medium, i.e.
integrated services access.
•
Policy may be key to deployment of integrated services
access and choice/competition.
•
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Impacts and Effects on Telephone Service
•
Traditional PSTN telco models not transferable to
Internet.
•
The telephone service needs to be considered separately
from the delivery systems (in line with models for the
gas, electricity, railway sectors).
•
Maintenance of traditional telephone service
functionality is an area for concern.
•
The Internet will become part of telecommunications,
and vice-versa.
•
There is a need for a requirements definition for
telephone service(s).
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Impacts and Effects on Telephone Service
•
Telecommunications should be regarded as a generic
term covering all forms of communication.
•
The role of the Internet in the provision of
telecommunications services needs to be recognized.
•
Policy designed for one kind of vertically-integrated
network will not be transposable to another kind, and
particularly not to a converged NGN.
•
No adequate technical model exists for a converged
NGN, which can be used for consistent consideration of
areas and issues where policy might or might not be
required.
•
A new technical framework is required to identify
technical areas for policy consideration.
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What means what?
•
•
When we speak of Internet what exactly do we mean?
IP?
DNS?
NAS?
E-mail?
Web-sites?
Voice Servers?
When we speak of Telecommunications what exactly do
we mean?
PSTN, PSTN plus voice services?
Cable-TV systems?
Ethernet?
Huge terminology problem
No consistent basis for policy determination
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Impacts and Effects on Policy - 1
•
Telecommunications should be regarded as a generic
term covering all forms of communication.
•
The role of the Internet in the provision of
telecommunications services needs to be recognized.
•
Policy designed for one kind of vertically-integrated
network will not be transposable to another kind, and
particularly not to a converged NGN.
•
No adequate technical model exists for a converged
NGN, which can be used for consistent consideration of
areas and issues where policy might or might not be
required.
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Impacts and Effects on Policy - 2
•
A new technical framework is needed to deal with the
convergent environment provided by an NGN to:
•
provide a consistent set of terms and definitions,
•
illustrate NGN environment,
•
identify areas and issues where policy may be
required, and
•
Generally illustrate the challenges of convergence.
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Impacts and Effects on Broadband - 1
•
Standards need to be rationalized among access systems
such as DSL, cable wireless, etc.
•
User lock-in is a common issue, due to proprietary and
bundled systems.
•
No technical reason why all services (voice, data, video)
cannot be supplied over a single physical medium, i.e.
integrated services access.
•
Policy may be key to deployment of integrated services
access and choice/competition.
•
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Possible Way Forward?
T
E
L
E
C
O
M
M
U
N
I
C
A
T
I
O
N
S
Content Services
Web-based
services
E-mail
TV
programming
Radio
programming
Movies
Telephony
Other
I
N
T
E
R
N
E
T
Policy
Domain
2
Network Connectivity Services
Wireline
Point-to-point
Wireless
Point-to-multipoint
Ethernet
Cable
Spectrum
Analogue
DSL
TDM
Wires & Cables
Switched services
FR
Policy
Domain
1
ATM
Internet
Transport
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Conclusions
Need for:
• Tools to assist policy-makers to meet the challenges of
convergence and converged networks.
• Tools to position technologies into appropriate policy
domains.
• Appropriate terms and definitions.
Why:
• Things ain’t what they used to be.
• Technology has overtaken policy.
• A new overarching approach has to be taken.
• Potential policy impacts of converged networks have to
be articulated.
Not about:
• Policy itself, just the technical underpinnings.
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Next Generation Networks: The Challenges of Convergence
Supplementary Information
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Telephone Service(s)
•
Certain expectations/requirements wrt PSTN:
• 911 capabilities
• Lawful interception
• Number portability
• Local/long distance differentiation
• Good QoS
• Reliability
• Calling/Called party identification
• Disaster Relief
• Points of Interconnection and standards
•
Internet-based Telephone Service (over cable, etc)
• ?
Service is separate from delivery system
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Radio/Video Service(s) Trends
•
Internet-based Radio programming
•
Internet-based TV programming
•
Broadcast is a technical “mechanism” not a content
service.
Programming is content
•
Again: Service is separate from delivery system
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Terminology Examples - 1
•
US FCC - Policy Paper no. 36
• Basic Service networks - no network processing (i.e
telephony technology).
• Enhanced Service networks - network processing
(i.e. packet technology) with PSTN access model, and
viewed as Enhanced over Basic.
•
Telephony over IP becomes Basic over Enhanced!
•
Definitions of Basic and Enhanced Services conflict
with Voice Services over IP, and with Broadband
Access.
Flawed technical framework = Flawed Policy
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Terminology Examples - 2
• EU Green Paper on Convergence
Old technical basis
New technical
basis
•
Policies cannot be assumed to be 1:1 transposable from
one vertical network to another, nor to a single network.
•
EU Directive 21*
New definitions being proposed:
Electronic Communications Network (ECN)
Electronic Communications Service (ECS)
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Typical questions to be answered - 1
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
What constitutes a public telephone service?
Is the telephone service tied to the PSTN?
Should the telephone service have a set of defined
minimum requirements/characteristics (and what should
they be)?
Should telephone services be categorized, i.e. Minimum,
Basic, Supplementary, Enhanced, etc?
Is the Internet a public service?
What effect does separation of services and network have
on policy?
If services and transport are to be technically separated,
should policies also be so separated?
What is the technical scope and extent of
telecommunications?
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Typical questions to be answered - 2
•
•
•
•
•
Is there a distinction between the Internet a
telecommunications network? If so what?
What is the meaning universal service in the context of a
converged NGN?
What services are deemed essential in the context of a
converged NGN?
Do the following technical provisions apply equally well to
NGNs:
• Emergency services (data, voice, or both)?
• Disaster Relief capabilities (data, voice, or both)?
• Lawful interception (data, voice, or both)?
How would national numbering be affected by Internet
Telephony:
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Typical questions to be answered - 3
•
How would national numbering be affected by Internet
Telephony:
• What is the technical scope of E.164 numbers?
• User issues (number portability from PSTN to Internet)?
• Allocation issues (e.g. telco versus ISPs)?
• Rights and ownership of numbers?
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