Transcript iSCSI Storage Revealed

iSCSI Storage Revealed
By
Ray Quattromini
Fortuna Power Systems Ltd
February 2004
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The Companies Assets
In any company there are three things that keep
a company running.
1.Staff - Change
2.Customers – Change
3.Information stored on our servers – Remains
and exponentially increases as you grow.
The information is key.
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Today’s Systems
Users
Users access information
stored on the servers
Network switch
Servers
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Primary Server Components
Disk storage
Memory
To our server we add our
disk storage and our tape
backup device. This server
is then connected to the
network.
Motherboard
RAID controller
CPU
Ethernet card
SCSI card
d i gi t a l
Tape storage
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Adding Storage
Disk storage
Typically when a new
server is installed more
disk storage is bought
that is actually needed.
Memory
Motherboard
RAID controller
CPU
Ethernet card
SCSI card
d i gi t a l
Tape storage
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More Disk Space
Disk storage
Memory
Motherboard
RAID controller
CPU
Ethernet card
SCSI card
d i gi t a l
Tape storage
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Adding more disk space requires the
data to be firstly backed up, the
server taken down or offline and the
new disk drives added and the array
rebuilt. The new disks add more
storage than is actually required.
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Storage Utopia
In an ideal world we would have infinite
amounts of storage, that is always
available, easily manageable, affordable,
flexible, reliable and scaleable.
Storage Utopia exists today in two
forms Fibre Channel and iSCSI
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What is a SAN?
Definition 1:
– a high-speed network dedicated to moving
information between users and a pool of
flexible storage devices
– users no longer compete with server I/O for
network bandwidth
Definition 2:
– a high-speed network that establishes a direct
connection between heterogeneous storage
devices and servers
– a network behind a network
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The Advent of Fibre Channel
Fibre
Channel
Switch
3Com
SAN Configuration
Fibre
Channel
Tape
Fibre Channel Network
Fibre
Channel
RAID
Gigabit Ethernet Network
Bay Networks
The Fibre Channel network is a totally separate network
to the existing Ethernet network. Requires Fibre channel
cards in all servers, fibre channel switch and storage.
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Gigabit Ethernet Switch
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Fibre Channel Advantages
• All storage is now managed centrally
• The storage is served up to the
servers via fibre channel
• Fibre channel SAN’s can run at
2Gbits per second
• Storage can be added on demand
with no server downtime
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Fibre Channel Disadvantages
• Requires an in depth understanding of
LUN mapping, World Wide Names, LUN
masking, Storage Virtualisation, Storage
management etc.
• All servers now require Fibre Channel
cards, Fibre Channel Switches, Fibre
Channel Storage Arrays, Separate Fibre
Channel Network!
• Fibre Channels are expensive to install
maintain and manage.
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iSCSI Storage
iSCSI is a network storage protocol that
encompasses block level SCSI data in a TCP/IP
frame, thus allowing servers to access storage
resources over an existing IP infrastructure
SCSI and Ethernet technologies have been around for
more than 20 years and are fully understood.
iSCSI is a cost effective way to build SAN’s at much
lower cost point, giving users greater consolidation in
their environment
The iSCSI storage protocol is supported by 99% of
the storage vendors and endorsed by Microsoft,
Intel, IBM and Cisco.
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iSCSI Network
Users
We use existing networking technologies.
No separate networks. So savings over
Fibre Channel can immediately be seen.
Network switch
An iSCSI network can be installed
immediately and storage added within
minutes.
Servers
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iSCSI Questions
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•
Are iSCSI products available now? YES
•
Is the technology proven? YES
•
Will iSCSI saturate my existing network? Probably and if it does then simply install a
separate Gigabit switch.
•
Will iSCSI supplant Fibre Channel? Over time iSCSI will become the preferred
technology choice for SAN’s.
•
Why are the major storage vendors not pushing iSCSI? The primary reason is, if they
push iSCSI they cannot supply expensive people to install the expensive fibre channel
switches, storage array, FC cards, software or management.
•
How does iSCSI work? iSCSI storage is seen on the network as an IP address. Your
servers remotely connect to this IP address and utilise the storage available.
•
Surely a NAS device offers me more storage? A NAS device allows shared disk storage
to be accessed across a network by users. It does not allow block level access to the
data which many applications require to operate.
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iSCSI Questions cont..
How can I realise the savings? By purchasing iSCSI storage you can:
• Utilise your existing network
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•
Traditional servers can be replaced by smaller cheaper low cost servers.
•
Adding more storage, no longer needs the servers to be taken down for
upgrades.
•
Servers run more efficiently as they have less to manage internally.
•
Use non-proprietary storage SATA, SCSI etc.
•
When replacing servers the data no longer needs to be backed up and
restored. Just snapshot the data and re-mount the storage to the new
server.
•
Reduced maintenance costs
•
Utilises all your disk storage and takes the guess work out of how much is
required
•
Reduced management costs as additional disk space can be easily added
to the servers
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Reduced Server Costs
iSCSI reduces the cost of servers by:
• Removing the RAID controller
• Install a server only with a boot disk (not necessary with a TOE card)
• Removing the SCSI card
Memory
Motherboard
RAID controller
CPU
X
Ethernet card
SCSI card
X
This increases the reliability of the servers and allows for the
storage to be added on demand.
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iSCSI Connectivity
iSCSI storage is given an IP
address and this address is mapped
to our servers.
Storage Group
Storage Group
The iSCSI storage arrays will connect
directly to your Gigabit switch.
d i gi t a l
The tape library will directly
connect to the iSCSI SAN.
Gigabit Switch
Backup server
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Logon BDC
Exchange v5.5
File & Print
SQL
Oracle
Citrix
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Server Failure
iSCSI Storage
iSCSI storage is mapped to the servers using an
IQN name. Each name is unique to the servers.
IQN: 12345
The iSCSI storage connects
directly to the network.
Gigabit Switch
New Server
The storage is mapped from our iSCSI storage to our
servers on the network. The disks are shown as local
block level storage disks, local to the servers.
IQN: 12345
IQN: 12345
In the event of server failure. The IQN name can
be simply mapped to the new server in minutes.
The NEW server can then continue to provide the
files and applications, prior to the server failure.
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iSCSI TOE
An iSCSI TOE (TCP/IP Offload Engine)
card offloads the Ethernet and SCSI
packet processing from the CPU and
carries out the function on the iSCSI
card. Although this is not necessary for
the execution of iSCSI to operate, it
does allow servers to remotely boot
from the iSCSI storage.
d i gi t a l
Storage Group
Storage Group
The iSCSI storage arrays will connect
directly to your Gigabit switch.
The tape library will directly
connect to the iSCSI SAN.
Gigabit Switch
Backup server
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Logon BDC
Exchange v5.5
File & Print
SQL
Oracle
Citrix
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iSCSI IP Management
iSCSI uses the IP protocol to operate.
Because of this there are already hundreds of
network management tools available for
configuring VLAN’s, switches, reporting,
VPN’s etc.
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iSCSI Storage Management
The iSCSI storage will
connect directly to your
Gigabit switch and be
managed by the SAN
Melody Server.
Storage Group
Storage Group
Gigabit Switch
Backup server
Logon BDC
Exchange v5.5
File & Print
The SAN Melody server allocates the disk storage
for the servers and allocates to each of the servers
2TB’s of disk space even though the physical disk
has 1TB. Our disk storage is now virtualised.
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SQL
Oracle
Citrix
SAN Melody server
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Remote connectivity
Tape
Tape
Data Replication between sites
HQ
DR site
Internet
Factory
City HQ
Warehouse
Data from the remote sites can be
backed up to the HQ and then
replicated to the DR location.
Remote
offices
Remote
offices
Examples of how iSCSI can connect to
remote sites.
Internet
Remote offices
Remote offices
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Remote connectivity cont..
iSCSI Storage
Internet
City HQ
Direct connection
Computer
Computer
Computer
Computer
Computer
Remote offices or shops
The stores have no local disk drives. The disk
storage is served up remotely by iSCSI and is
seen virtually by the local store computers.
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SAN Melody
SAN Melody allows us to pool all of our physical disk storage and control how this disk space is
allocated to each of the servers. These servers or clients can be Windows XP, Windows 2000
Workstation or Server, Windows 2003 server, Novell, Linux, UNIX, MAC etc. The only proviso is that
they have iSCSI support natively or the iSCSI TOE card has support.
HP
Gigabit switch
SAN Melody
EMC
IBM
The disk storage that we pool
and virtualise can be from
any manufacture. We can
use JBOD, RAID Arrays,
NAS, Fibre Channel storage,
re-use older disk arrays or
drives.
JBOD
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SAN Melody High Availability
RAID Array 1
RAID Array 2
All of the server storage is seen
as one huge Storage Pool.
Gigabit Switches
Backup server Logon BDC
Exchange
File & Print
Oracle
Citrix
SAN Melody
SAN Melody
SQL
SQL
Applications can be mirrored between
servers for HA functionality. They do
not have to be the same type of
servers to run the applications
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SAN Melody High Availability with
Remote Mirror and Snapshot
RAID Array 1
RAID Array 2
RAID Array 3
Data can be Snapshot and
mirrored between local and
remote sites for DR or
secure site purposes.
This diagram represents a typical configuration for High Availability (HA) storage. Multiple iSCSI RAID arrays
can be used along with multiple SAN Melody servers, Gigabit switches and multi-path iSCSI cards in each
server.
High-Availability is achieved through synchronous mirroring between adjacent storage servers packaged as a
pair. Both members actively process I/Os. Each server may be configured to handle primary paths for some
WAN
of the volumes while its companion takes over with the mirrored images in case of failure.
Host must be
adequately configured with qualified multi-path drivers to take advantage of this feature. Fibre Channel may
be used as the inter-server link. Each server in the high-availability pair must be separately licensed with this
option.
Citrix
Backup server Logon BDC
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Exchange
File & Print
Oracle
SQL
SAN Melody
SAN Melody
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Storage – The New Rules
Wintel PC/Servers
Portable Software
Internal Disks drives
or Disk Shelves
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Productivity Services
 Centralized security
and provisioning
 Disaster Recovery
 Mirroring
 Point in Time
Storage Snapshots
 Compliant with MS
storage standards
 High-Speed Caching
 Virtualization
 Storage Network
Management
 Fully interoperable
product range
 Auto-Provisioning
and Resource
Management
Advantage 1:
Completely flexible blueprint designed
without R&D to produce own product:
Any PC/Server building block:
Any storage: SCSI, FC, SATA (RAID)
Any network: iSCSI, FC, Infiniband
Advantage 2:
Reduce the h/w price/performance curve
utilising OEM PC/Servers
Leverage MS familiarity and certification
Advantage 3:
Build better product than competitor at
lower cost with high end-user ROI and
TCO.
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iSCSI Major Advantages
-No dedicated specialised networks as in Fibre Channel
-Buy servers with no RAID controllers or Disk
-As the storage is IP based you can serve up information across Wide Area
Links or the Internet
-Every single server can be given 2000GB's of virtual disk space, even
though that amount of disk space is not available
-Storage can now be non-proprietary and you can use JBOD's (Just Bunch of
Disks)
-Should a server fail, then the storage can be mounted on another server
and simply/instantly restored
-Reduces cost by buying smaller more compact servers
- Backups are reduced because you can make snapshots and back them up
during the day
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iSCSI Major Advantages cont..
-Your servers only use the disk capacity that they need! There is no
need to guess how much you will need
-Microsoft Exchange & SQL 2003 automatically create their own snap
shots and automatically call for more disk space. All this is done
automatically
-One person can administer and control all you storage requirements
from a single system and allocate disk on demand
- Cut down on Backup Software Licensing costs as all you need to do
is Snapshot or Mirror the information to another server and backup
just one server!
- No massive storage investment needed
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iSCSI is a “disruptive” Technology!
In this instance to define “disruptive” is to define “benefit”
iSCSI Technology shifts how storage technology is now to be deployed in that the
previous dominant way to deploy storage technology was through Fibre Channel
[FC] Technology.
However, a FC Technology based Network ties the Client into one of a number of
“single source” suppliers that would always advise [promote] that all the FC
components should be “single sourced” from them.
This adds significantly to the Total Cost of Ownership [TCO] from the initial
installation, through to on-going support and the inevitable upgrade.
iSCSI Technology on the other hand is an established architecture that comprises
of :•Operating System Driver
•iSCSI Storage Management
•iSCSI Storage Server
•Any Storage Media [Hard Disk, Magnetic Tape, Optical, etc.]
The components of iSCSI do not have to be “single sourced”, they can be
components that you have currently installed or may wish to purchase from your
preferred supplier.
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iSCSI Summary
iSCSI is an OPEN architecture that enables
an optimised and cost effective TCO to be
achieved and your TCO is protected for the
future.
Whereas
Fibre Channel is a TIED architecture that can
only see an increase in TCO in the future.
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How can Fortuna help?
We can provide:
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•
•
•
•
•
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On site demonstrations
iSCSI software & hardware
iSCSI installation
Consultancy
Maintenance
Training
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Contacting us
To contact us and find out more about iSCSI please
use the following details.
•
•
•
•
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Tel: 01256 782030
Fax: 01256 783174
E-mail: [email protected]
Web: http://www.iscsi-storage.com
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