Transcript Explorers of the World

Explorers of the World
RECAP!
Leif Eriksson
• From Scandinavia
• Some believe this Viking
and his crew found the
Americas before Columbus
• There were some artifacts
found in Newfoundland
Ferdinand
Magellan
•
From Portugal
•
He and his crew were the
first to circumnavigate the
world
•
To sail around the world
Marco Polo
•
From Italy
•
Explored the Asian continent
and wrote a book about his
travels
•
•
The Travels of Marco Polo
He inspired many later
explorers to go to Asia
Marco…. Polo
Where did the game
come from?
• He was trying to barter with
a pirate, the pirate found
offense and cut out his eyes.
The children would steal his
walking stick and mock him
by calling his name over
and over.
• He sucked at directions, and
once again a game made to
mock him.
There’s a TON of
different stories, here’s
a few
• When he was young and
riding with his family he fell
asleep on the horse. The
horse slowed down, and
when he woke up he heard
his family yelling his name
over and over because he
was lost.
Christopher
Columbus
•
He was from Italy but he
sailed for Spain
•
Sailed west in hopes of
finding a new route to Asia
•
Found the Americas instead (by
mistake!) OOPS!
•
Thought he was in The Indies,
which is why he called the
Natives “Indians”
Amerigo Vespucci
From Italy
• Verspucci was the one who
figured out that the
Americas were NOT Asia
• Continent became named
America, from Americas
which is the Latin form of
his first name
• Cartographer: map maker
Jacques Cartier
Explored for France
First European to explore modern-day Canada
Interacted with the Iroquois
Bartholomeu Dias
• From Portugal
• King of Portugal sent Dias to find a
new route to Asia
• Only made it to the tip of Africa
when he ran into a storm
• Famous for exploring the Western
Coast of Africa to the tip of Good
Hope
Age of Discovery
Period of global exploration
15th-18th century
Conquistadors
• Explorers/soldiers from Portugal
or Spain
• Sent out to “conquer” territories
and set up new trade routes
• They ended up colonizing much
of the World on behalf of Spain
or Portugal
• Gave Spain 1/5 of whatever they
found
Hernan Cortes
• From Spain
• Conquered the Aztecs of
Mexico and took over their
land
• Used neighboring cities to
help take over the Aztecs
Francisco Pizarro
He and his army conquered the Incas in Peru for Spain.
Juan Ponce de Leon
• From Spain
• Tried to find the “Fountain
of Youth” in Florida
• Established the first Spanish
settlement in mainland
America
• St. Augustine
How were Conquistadors so
successful?
Better technology
• Trained soldiers &
mercenaries
• Much smaller but better
trained armies
• Cannons
• Armor!!
• Horses
• Lances, swords, crossbows
• Muskets (very ineffective
but definitely scared the
Natives)
Disease
• Europeans brought diseases
the Natives hadn’t been
exposed to yet.
• Their bodies didn’t have any
immunities
• Many common illness lead
to death for Natives
Why was Portugal and Spain focusing
so much on exploration?
Needed new trade routes that would be faster, easier, and
cheaper!
Treaty of Tordesillas
•
1494
•
Divided the New World
•
The Americas
•
Line of demarcation
•
Split up new land between
Spain and Portugal
•
East was Portugal
•
West was Spain
Encomienda
• Spain’s “right” to
demand tribute and
forced labor from
Native inhabitants
on their colonies in
the Americas
Pueblos
• Towns that were set up as
the center of trade
Mission
• Religious community
• Small town, farmland, and
a church
Presidio
• A fort
• Usually built near a mission
Mestizo
• Person of
European and
Native
American
ancestry
Plantation
•
Large estate
•
System used to raise crops
•
Used Native’s as slaves
Bartolome de Las Casas
• Spanish priest
• Condemned the Spanish
treatment of the Natives as
slaves
• A lot of Natives died from
malnutrition or diseases
• 1542, laws were made to
restrict the use of Native’s
as slaves
• Didn’t completely end it, but
did better most of their
treatment
• Las Casas suggested using
African Slaves instead
• Thought they were better
made to endure labor
• Bitterly regretted his
suggestion
Why would they use Africans?
• Africa was CONSTANTLY at conflict between
different groups (and still is in many areas!)
• Not really wars- no clear goal or reason
• What’s a common “item” taken during conflict?
• Slaves from the other group!
• Africa was already taking slaves from each, so why
couldn’t European countries do the same?