Transcript Age of Exploration - Logan County Schools

Age of Exploration
Note: Information marked with a
star (*) does not need to be
written down
Why
do people
EXPLORE,
well…anything?
Explain
why GOLD
was a reason that
Europeans explored
the world?

Song: O.A.R. – Love and Memories
Describe
the
TRIANGLE TRADE and
the Middle Passage
during the Age of
Exploration?
Which
explorer sailed
around Africa to
India?
Which explorer sailed
to the tip of Africa?
Early Exploration
Europe depended on spices for
the flavoring and preservation of
meats
 Mongols could no longer provide
safe passage to those traveling
across land to India

Economic System of Trade

China and India  Arabs and
Venetians Arabs and Venetians 
Europe
 Arabs and Venetians made huge
profits being middle men
Church Involvement
Catholic
Church
wanted to stop the
spread of Islam and
spread Christianity
to areas of Asia
Motivations to
Explore
“God,
glory,
and gold,”
GOD
Why
was “God” a
motivation for European
explorers during the Age
of Exploration? Explain
your answer.
GOLD
How
was “GOLD” a
motivation for European
explorers during the Age
of Exploration? Explain
your answer.
GLORY
How
was “GLORY” a
motivation for European
explorers during the Age
of Exploration? Explain
your answer.
Renaissance Involvement
 The
questioning attitude
that came out of the
Renaissance and
humanism caused
people to broaden their
horizons. (Curiosity, etc.)
Changes in Navigation

Before now:
 Stayed close to the shores of
continents
 Compasses were available, but
seldom used
 Used Stars and Sun
 Maps that were available were
inaccurate
Maps/Ptolemy
Maps were based on stories and
mythical lands
 This improved because of
Ptolemy
 Ptolemy used lines of latitude
and longitude to aid navigation

• Ptolemy introduced the grid
system still in use today
Ptolemy
Change in Ship Building
CaraveL: Type of ship
Triangle shaped sails
 Multiple masts
 Rudder from side to back
 New Weapons
 Rifles and Cannons

Portugal’s Involvement
 1420-1580
 Quest
to go
further and
longer down
the coast of
Africa to find
new route to
Asia
Prince Henry
The Navigator
Prince Henry the Navigator
Opened a school for navigation
at Sagres.
 Obsessed with finding a route to
Asia
 Brought together sailors,
navigators, mathematicians, and
astronomers
 This is the beginning of the
Portuguese empire

Bartolomeu Dias
Bartholomeu Dias
 Wanted
to find the southern
tip of Africa
 1488 He did find it
 Present day Cape of Good
Hope
 Proved that you could reach
the east by sailing around
Africa
Vasco de Gama
 Took
four ships around the tip
of Africa stopping at trade
spots along the way
 When he reached India, he
tried to get India to trade
with Portugal
 When he returned home he
was regarded as a national
hero
Vasco de Gama
Spain’s Involvement



King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
backed an expedition to find a
westward trade route to India
Convinced that the circumference of
Earth was not as great as others
thought, Italian Christopher
Columbus believed he could reach
Asia by sailing west.
Spain backed Christopher Columbus
on a voyage to find India
Ferdinand and Isabella
Christopher Columbus
Columbus (Con’t)
 October
11th, 1492
 Columbus finds the
present day West Indies
 Thinks it’s India. People
referred to as “Indians”
Amerigo Vespucci
Italian merchant
 Born in Florence, employed by
Medici family.
 Find passage to India that eluded
Columbus.
 Searched 400 miles of coast
along South America.

Vespucci Continued…


“I see no reason why anyone should justly
object to calling this part ... America, after
Amerigo [Vespucci], its discoverer, a man
of great ability.”
The name stuck, and when a second
huge land mass was discovered to
the north, the names North and
South America were applied to the
two continents.
Treaty of Tordesillas
 In
the 1494 Treaty of
Tordesillas, they decided on a
north-to-south line through
the Atlantic Ocean and the
easternmost part of South
America.
 Portugal claimed the
unexplored territories east of
the line, Spain
to the west.
Magellan
Portuguese
 Reached southern tip of South
America
 Straight of Magellan
 Reached “Pacific Ocean”=calm
 3 years later, ship returns to
Seville. First ship to
circumnavigate

Magellan
Magellan’s Voyage
Circumnavigation
Definition=
sailing
completely around
something, such as
the world
Portugal
 Defeated
the Arabs to take
control of trade
 Took control of Indian Ocean
 Colonized Brazil
 Grew sugar cane, tobacco,
coffee, and cotton
Spain
 Conquistadors=
“conquerors”
came to the Americas to
“serve God”
 A.K.A. spread Christianity
 GOD, GOLD & GLORY
 Hernan Cortes comes to
Mexico
Hernan Cortes
Montezuma II
Hernan Cortes
Aztecs believed that the Spanish
were “supernatural creatures”
 Montezuma II (leader of Aztecs)
thought might be returning gods.
Offered gifts of gold
 Riches were unimaginable.
Fighting broke out and Aztecs
were destroyed

Francisco Pizarro
Francisco Pizarro





Invaded the Incan Empire in Peru
Fought the Incan leader Atahualpa
Pizarro killed thousands of Incans
Forced labor, starvation, and disease
took a huge toll on the Native
Americans.
* Pizzaro captured Atahualpa and
sent for a ransom. He promised to
release Atahualpa if the ransom was
filled. He killed him anyways.
Pizarro’s Journey
Atahualpa
Spain’s Goals for America
 Convert
the Indians to
Christianity
 Riches
 From the Indians
 From the Land
Gold, Crops, Silver
Dutch Expansion
 First
voyage to India in 1599
 Went back three years later
and set up Dutch East India
Company
 Controlled trade of sugar,
spices, coffee, and tea
 1641-Controlled all trade
coming out of Spice Islands
Henry Hudson
Dutch Expansion (con’t)
 Henry
Hudson claimed land
along Atlantic coast of
America
 Dutch founded Dutch West
India Company to establish
colonies
 Founded New Amsterdam
which became a hub for
Dutch trade
What is New Amsterdam’s
Present Day Name?

Answer: NEW YORK!!!
French Expansion
 1524
French attempted to
find Northwestern Passage
through America to Asia
 No Luck!!!!
 10 Years later Jacques Cartier
sailed up the St. Lawrence
River to present day Montreal
and claimed it for the French
Jacques Cartier
English Expansion
 Jamestown-
present day
Virginia
 First English settlement in
North America 1608
 1620’s Pilgrims settled in
Plymouth (present day
Massachusetts)
 Protestants who set up
Mayflower Compact
Explain
why GOD
was a reason that
Europeans explored
the world?
Slave Trade
 Triangular
trade- ships sailed
the triangle of Europe, Africa,
and the Americas
 Europeans went to Africa and
traded goods for slaves, took
them to America and traded
slaves for goods, then went
back to Europe
The Middle Passage
 Middle
Leg of Triangle Trade
 Below deck, slaves were
packed tightly
 Each slave got 4 or 5 foot
long by 2 to 3 foot area.
 Chained together so they
could not move or lie down
 3,000 miles
The Middle Passage (cont.)
10
to 24 million
slaves into the
Americas
1 in 5 died during
the journey
When in America…
 Slave
auctions- plantation
owners prodded and
examined slaves
 Labor was hard
 Long Hours
 Life Expectancy Short
Slave Trade
Commercial Revolution
 New
methods for
investing money,
speeding the flow of
money, and reducing
risk in business ventures
 i.e. joint-stock
companies
Overseas Trade
Required
large
amounts of money
and capital
Merchants turned to
bankers for loans
i.e. Medici of
Florence
Overseas Trade (cont.)
 Banking
families began to
be replaced by government
chartered banks
 These banks provided
loans, deposits, and began
exact exchange rates for
foreign currency
Joint-Stock Company
Definition- trading venture that
sold shares to divide costs and
profits
 Way to defer risks. Investor
would only lose the amount they
had invested in shares
 Provided a stable way of raising
funds for voyages

Entrepreneurs


Definition- individuals who combined
money, ideas, raw materials, and
labor to make goods and profits
*i.e. would buy wool, then employ
spinners to make the yarn, then
weavers would make the cloth. The
cloth would be sold on the open
market where it would bring a profit.
Losses were a possibility
Mercantilism
 Definition-
economic
policy of European
nations in the 1600’s,
equating wealth and
power
Balance of Trade
Definition-
exporting more
than you import
Growth of Europe
Effects
of trade and
economics caused a
boom in the
population of Europe
The End!!!!
I’m So
Excited!