Transcript Operations & Concepts

UNIX
LINUX
Basic Operations & Concepts
NETS - Standard 1 (an expectation for your students)
 Students demonstrate a sound understanding of the nature and
operation of technology systems.
 Students are proficient in the use of technology.
EDT 3470 - Spring 2007
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Draft - New Standards
Technology Operations and Concepts
Students demonstrate a sound understanding of technology
concepts, systems, and operations. Students:

A. understand and use technology systems.

B. identify and use applications effectively and productively.

C. troubleshoot systems and applications.

D. transfer current knowledge to learning of new technologies.
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Why do I need to
learn about this stuff?
Because…you’ll need this knowledge to…



Differentiate yourself from other job-seeking teacher
candidates
Become more of an Educational Technology producer
in your classroom -- and not just a user
Be able to speak intelligently when dealing with:
 District technology staff, REMCs/ISDs, and vendors
 Advanced students and their parents or guardians

It’s a National Educational Technology Standard (NETS)
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Farming Jobs – 1900 vs. 2000
•In 1900, 92% of U.S. population worked on a farm
•In 2000, that figure was about 2 %
•What happened?
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Technology Happened
 Tractors were developed that
could do the work of many
horses, oxen, and people.
 Major change didn’t happen
overnight -- the technology
and performance incrementally
improved -- starting with steam
engines, then internal combustion
engines, and now -- electronics
assisted intelligent tractors
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Impact of Technology
on Farming
 Farming output continued to increase throughout
the 20th Century
 Farm size increased -- smaller farms were
aggregated into larger farms
 Reduced the need for farm hands, beast of
burden, blacksmiths, and other manual labor jobs
 Increased the need for tractor mechanics,
agriculture educators, transportation and
distribution jobs, and other totally new crop
related jobs
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Some Computer History Trivia
Q:
How was Napoleon
important to the
development of the
modern computer?
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Believe it or not…
A:
Napoleon’s troops in Egypt buy shawls
and start a fashion craze.
In Europe, the shawls get made on
automated, perforated-paper control looms.
This gives an American engineer, Herman
Hollerith, the idea to automate calculations
using punch cards.
Which get used to control ENIAC, the first
electronic computer.
That began the computing revolution -- and
the phenomena that we call Moore’s Law
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What is Moore’s Law?
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But Moore was not the first
Moore's Law of Integrated Circuits was
not the first, but the fifth paradigm to
provide accelerating price-performance.
Computing devices have been consistently
multiplying in power (per unit of time)…
1. From the mechanical calculating devices
used in the 1890 US Census
2. To Turing's relay-based "Robinson" machine
that cracked the Nazi enigma code
3. To the CBS vacuum tube computer that
predicted the election of Eisenhower
4. To the transistor-based machines used in
the first space launches
5. To integrated-circuit-based personal
computers.
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Technology causes change
•Throughout the centuries -- new
technologies have changed the way
people work, live, play -- and learn
• So, is there any reason to
believe that this trend will
not continue?
Because technology continues to
rapidly change how people work
-- What should you do?
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NETS Standard 1 - TECHNOLOGY
OPERATIONS AND CONCEPTS
Teachers need to demonstrate a sound
understanding of technology operations and
concepts. Teachers [will]…

Demonstrate introductory knowledge, skills, and
understanding of concepts related to technology (as
described in the ISTE National Educational Technology Standards)

Demonstrate continual growth in technology
knowledge and skills to stay abreast of current and
emerging technologies.
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Overview Agenda
1. Hardware & Systems
2. Networking
3. Tools for Making the Connection
4. Operating Systems
5. Demonstrating Proficiency
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Basic Computer
Fundamentals
Lesson 1
History
Lesson 2
4 Components
Lesson 3
Input
Lesson 6
Output
Lesson 5
Processor
Lesson 4
Memory &
Storage
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Computer Hardware Systems
Quick Quiz
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Computer Hardware Systems
Input
Keyboard
Mouse
Scanner
PDA
Digital Probe
Camera
Portable Storage
Storage/Process
Memory
•Silicon Chip
•Mechanical
C.P.U.
Output
Monitor
Printer
Audio
Video
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Network Systems
Network
Hardware
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Network Interface Card
Desktop NIC
Desktop
Wireless NIC
RJ45 - Today, one of the most popular types of connections
used with computer networks. RJ45 looks similar to a phone
connector or RJ11 connector but is slightly larger.
LED -The LEDs, as shown in the above illustration, indicates if
it detects a network; generally by a green light which may
flash as it communicates, and then a red light which indicates
collisions which will generally flash or not flash at all.
Notebook
Wireless NIC
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Hubs and Switches
10/100 Ethernet Hubs are only half duplex each client can only send OR receive data at
a particular time. This connection is often
called a Local Area Network or LAN.
To take full advantage of a 10/100 Ethernet
card, get an Ethernet Switch. A switch can
operate at full duplex allowing your computers
to send and receive at the same time.
Basically, an Ethernet switch can be
considered a faster version of an Ethernet hub.
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Network Router
(row´ter): A device that forwards data packets along networks. A router is
connected to at least two networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a
LAN and its ISP’s network. Routers are located at gateways, the places
where two or more networks connect.
Routers use headers and forwarding tables to determine the best path
for forwarding the packets, and they use protocols such as ICMP to
communicate with each other and configure the best route between any
two hosts.
Internet
Enterprise Routers
Wireless Router
www.linksys.com
www.cisco.com
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Network Servers
A computer that provides services to other
computers, or the software that runs on it
•Application server, a server dedicated to
running certain software applications
•Communications server, carrier-grade
computing platform for communications
networks
•Database server, provides database services
•Fax server, provides fax services for clients
•File server, provides file services
•Game server, a server that video game clients
connect to in order to play online together
•Web server, a server that HTTP clients connect
to in order to send commands and receive
responses along with data contents.
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Common Networks
Hubs &
LANs
Room
Floor
Building
WANs
Internet
Campus
Enterprise
The World
Region
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WMU’s WAN
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Merit Network is a nonprofit corporation
governed by Michigan's
public universities. Based
in Ann Arbor, Michigan,
Merit is America's longest
running regional research
and education network.
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Internet URL Address
Uniform Resource Locator
www.yahoo.com = 206.191.158.55
or
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URL - Less Technical Example
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A Simple Network
What you see &
what you don’t
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Making the Connection
Blogs
Video &
Voice over
IP
Chat
Internet II
Web Publishing
E-mail
Internet II or Web 2.0 refers to a perceived or proposed
second generation of internet mediated services, such as
social networking sites, that emphasize online collaboration
and sharing among users.
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On the Horizon
The following networked technologies may
have a huge impact once they reach
critical mass…
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RFID
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Open Source Software
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Intelligent Work Flow

Grid Computing
Source: Burton Group
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Operating Systems
“An operating system (OS) is a software program that
manages the hardware and software resources of a
computer. At the foundation of all system software, the
OS performs basic tasks such as controlling and
allocating memory, prioritizing system requests,
controlling input and output devices, facilitating
networking, and managing files. It also may provide a
graphical user interface for higher level functions.
www.Wikipedia.org
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I’m so confused
 There are over 100 different operating systems – not
including OS’s for hand-held PC’s
 At least be aware of two key OS’s for desktop PC’s,
notebook PC’s, and servers -- and their popular derivatives

Microsoft
 Windows (Vista, XP, 2000, 98, 95, 3.1, MS-DOS)
 Windows Server

Unix

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Macintosh OS X: Apple
Linux: Open Source vendors and consortiums
Solaris: Sun
HP-UX: HP
And others
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PC vs. Mac
 Although Linux use is rapidly growing in popularity -the two most talked about OS’s in K-12 are Microsoft’s
Windows and Apple’s OS X
 “Which to choose” is a highly controversial topic

I chose a PC over a Mac

Maybe it no longer matters
You will need to be very familiar with one of
these OS’s (if not with both)
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Objectives –
NETS Benchmark 2
Demonstrate proficiency in the use of
common input and output devices;
solve routine hardware and
software problems; and…
make informed choices about technology
systems, resources, and services.
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What to do when
things go wrong

Some basic things you should know how to do -before requesting help from Tech Support:
1.
Can you update your system
2.
Do you know how to check your connections
3.
When to reboot --- OS’s sometimes get confused
4.
Know the basics of your OS
5.
Backup up your data (before things go wrong)
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NETS Standards 1
 To make informed choices about
technology systems, resources, and
services – first ask yourself…

Will it promote learning?

How difficult is it to use?

What is the total cost of ownership (TCO),
including multi-year support and fees?
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Buying Cooperatives and
Professional Conferences
Get advice and special pricing from:
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REMCs
State of Michigan
MICTA
MACUL
NECC
But don’t forget about working through your district’s normal channels
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It’s not just about hardware, anymore
Operating
Systems
Hardware
Application
Software
Computer
System
LANs &
WANs
Internet
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Collaboration Tools
Parent Space
My Child’s Assignments
My Calendar (Child’s Overlay)
My Child’s Attendance
Student Space
My Homework
My Calendar
My Resources
My Files
Administration Space
My Reports
My Calendar
My School Events
Teachers Toolkit/
Workspace
My Buddy List
My Calendar
My Seating Charts
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NETS Standard 1 - TECHNOLOGY
OPERATIONS AND CONCEPTS
And remember…
Teachers need to demonstrate a sound understanding
of technology operations and concepts.
Teachers [will]…

Demonstrate introductory knowledge, skills, and understanding
of concepts related to technology (as described in the ISTE National
Educational Technology Standards)

Demonstrate continual growth in technology knowledge and
skills to stay abreast of current and emerging technologies.
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