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Networks and Internet
Objectives
Understand basic concepts in Networking
Network Types
Understand basic concepts in Internet
Internet Services
Become familiar with Web terminologies
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Computer Networks
Physical part of the definition:
–Two or more computers linked together.
Functional Part of the definition:
–Communication
–Sharing resources
–Exchange of data
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Computer Networks
Types of Networks
Local Area Network (LAN) – nodes are
in close proximity
Wide Area Network (WAN) – nodes of
the network are geographically distant
Internet – Network of networks and
individual computers
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Going Online
The Internet
Internet: worldwide collection of
networks
ARPANET: network for scientists
that evolved into the Internet
Internet backbone: major
communications lines of the Internet
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Going Online
The Internet
No one group controls the Internet
Three Major Organizations:
The Internet Society: Open development
for the benefit of the public
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names
and Numbers (ICANN): Assign names
and addresses
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C):
Creates technical specifications
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Going Online
Connecting to the Internet
Bandwidth – amount of information
that can be sent over the channel
56,000 bits per second (bps)
9M (millions of bits, or megabits per
second)
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Going Online
Connecting to the Internet
Internet service provider (ISP): Colleges,
Schools, Corporations, Communication companies
ex. SBC
Information service gateway: ex. AOL, MSN,
CompuServe
communications software (Interface with their
information system)
user ID and password
Direct LAN connection
T-1 line (1.544 Mbps)
T-3 line (44.736 Mbps)
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Going Online
Connecting to the Internet
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
Protocol: set of rules for how computers communicate
Packet: the part of a message that contains the data and
the address the message is being sent to
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Going Online
Retrieving and Viewing Information
on the Internet
Client program – Internet browser:
runs on user’s computer
Server program – runs on server
computer
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Going Online
Retrieving and Viewing Information
on the Internet
Domain name: name or abbreviation
of the name of the organization
Uniform resource locator (URL):
address of a web page
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Going Online
Retrieving and Viewing Information on the
Internet
URL
access protocol
domain name
top-level domains: denote affiliation
.com
.edu
folder
filename
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Going Online
Internet Browsers
Browsers
retrieve and view Internet-based information
interact with servers
download and upload information
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Going Online
Internet Browsers
Web site
pages
home page – first page you see at a site
hyperlinks – allow user to click on an
icon and be taken to other resources on
the Internet
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Going Online
Navigating the Internet
Microsoft Internet Explorer
Netscape
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Going Online
Browser Plug-ins
Plug-in – gives the browser added
capabilities
Shockwave Player
Flash Player
RealJukebox
Liquid Player
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Going Online
Internet Resources and Applications
Finding information on the Web
browsing: just looking around
searching: trying to find specific information
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Going Online
Internet Applications
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) servers
easily download/upload files
Anonymous FTP sites
E-mail
Chatting
Online conferences
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Assignment# 3
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