Transcript Exploration Comms and Computing Experiments and

Interplanetary Networking
Yeah, we mean it.
Mars Exploration
Internet links, on a big scale!
Radios comms on, and to Mars and the
Moon
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Use FEC: Forward error correct
-- redundant information sent to
make it easy to recover data
when you get an error. Used
both on planet and between
planets.
Often need to be in orbit to do
good comms between planets.
Sun and planet can get in the
way!
NASA Haughton-Mars Project 2001
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International collaboration
Project PlanetNet: Comms for Planetary Exploration,
CSA/NASA/SFU/CRC.
MADHR: Collaborative Networking for Exploration
Mobile Exploration Technologies: NASA Ames
HMP PI: Pascal Lee
Chief Engineer/Flight Engineer: Steve Braham
Collaborators: Peter Anderson, Rick Alena, Brian Glass,
Bruce Gilbaugh
Mars, on Devon Island
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Canadian High Arctic
Twenty km Crater, 23 Mya
Hostile, permafrost, barren,
bears
Mars-like!
Astrobiology
Geology
Exploration technology studies
Mars-like Terrain!
Another Planet
Exploration Technology Studies
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Robotics
Telemedicine
Mission Control
Field operations
Human/personal comms.
Internal Hab comms
System security, robustness,
interoperability
Mars Arctic Research Station
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Simulated Mars Habitat
Two deck, landed
spacecraft format
Built by Mars Society
NASA researchers onboard
Full “flight” in 2001
Advanced Comms,
computing
Inside a spaceship
“Biggest Mission in the World”
Haughton-Mars Base Camp 2000
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2000 Field Season: 150
researchers, 30 journalists
Communications tent connected
to Internet via satellite link, 1999
onwards
Science traverses across crater
region
Exploration technology studies
Base Camp Region
Arctic/Mars Explorers!
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Far away from help
Far from base
Need to talk to other
scientists
Bears!
Comms/Sys on Devon
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Expedition/Science support
Comms systems and physics
experiments
Computing experiments
Systems integration
experiments
Protocol studies
Mission Support (NASA JSC)
High Bandwidth Field Systems
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Physics limits capabilities of
conventional wireless network
systems in open field, high
bandwidth situations.
Ground multipath dominates at
high speed, and spread
spectrum and frequency
hopping systems fail.
Canyons mean bandwidth must
be delivered in the worst
multipathing situations!
Advanced Radio Technology
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Systems being tested in BC
Mars Analog environments for
good multipath behavior.
Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing: advanced, but
expensive. 4th generation
wireless comms.
Advanced control and
monitoring: close to operational
needs for Mars exploration.
Radio/SatCom Integrated
Space Communications
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Bandwidth, Bit Error Rate, other
Quality of Service: faster,
cheaper, and maybe even
better!
Steerable beams on NASA
ACTS: Mars-Sat analog
Marginal links, near horizon,
large variation
Mars Comms Physics
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Ionospheric propagation: data collection through satcom
links.
Tropospheric propagation effects: through radio link
behavior, combined with detailed weather data. MGS
data.
Multipath performance analysis of radios. Trying to
bounce radio signals
Spectrum measurement. Trying to see how complex the
radio situation is in the field.
Base Camp
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Geology Tent
Biology Tent
Kitchen Tent, with Shower!
Comms Tent (SFU!)
Two Toilet Tents and “Pee Drum”
(don’t ask)
Village of Personal tents, far
from the Kitchen (no Bear
midnight snacking!)
Building a network for Mars
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Spacecraft lands on Mars
Astronauts, Robots, set up radio
network
Hab communicates with
spacecraft in orbit
Spacecraft relays messages
between Earth and Mars. Maybe
lasers.
Multiple systems
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Satellite phone
for emergencies
Satellite power
amplifier
Satellite digital
modem
Network bridge
Digital network
radio
Day in the life on Mars
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Wake up in morning
Receive data from Mission
Control
Prepare, do EVA
Receive data from EVA
crew, Hab and Mission
Control
Transmit data, medical
data, to Earth
Radio Repeater Network
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Digital packet-level
repeating through
exploration region
System needs to route
packets to right place
Remote network status
monitoring
Need for power sources
Deployment in a space
suit
Roving!
Global Communication
Interplanetary Networking Protocols
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IPN: Interplanetary Networking
Protocol, based on older
concepts for pushing large files
from one planet to another.
Trades interactivity for reliability
UDP: Normal UDP/IP, use
commercial technology and
build what you need.
Telemetry and Robotics
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Return of data from
remote instruments
Tend to be commands
files to robot, or data files
back
Earth-control of robotics
Tele-operation of robotic
rovers from Hab
File transfer
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Reliability
Time priority effects protocol
MDPv2: broadcast based,
multicast capable. Large, low
time priority
IPN: Relying on FEC. Smaller,
higher time priority
Applications more than both
broadcast or file transfer
PolyLAB’s Interplanetary Mailbox
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Use normal mail client protocols
(IMAP, POP3) to deliver and
read mail on mail server.
Use a special UDP-based
(MDPv2) protocol to move
messages between Earth and
Mars.
Connected Intelligence
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Extensive communication required for scientific field
exploration
Mission operations requires complex modalities in
Human missions
Purely robotic comms solutions don’t work
Protocols define capabilities
Applications define protocols
Transport, then application
Videoconferencing
Broadcast
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Video and Audio
Telemetry
Can lose frames for humans
Robots respond badly to partial data
Humans on both sides in human missions
UDP fine
SCPS is the IPN equivalent.
Remote Communication
Collaborative Software
Advanced Services
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Database access: access and update of information.
XML standards/translation services: similar to
WML/WAP.
Distributed computing: systems all over the planet
Voice input and output: hands tough to use in a
spacesuit!
Regional, space, network management
Need to be Alive, Need to be Happy!
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Get dirty, smelly
Get to know all
the habits of the
team
limited
entertainment
6-9 months TO
Mars
18 months ON
Mars
It’s about people
What’s it good for?
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Disaster communications
Remote communities
Developing countries
Testing advanced systems