Transcript Document
Introducing the
World Wide Web
History and Structure
Competencies Covered
Standard 1.0 Demonstrate knowledge of the Internet and various terms,
tools, and utilities associated with the World Wide Web.
1.1 Illustrate the relationship of Web related terms to Web design and
software applications.
Standard 8.0 Examine characteristics, components, and functions of basic
network designs.
8.1 Illustrate how computers are connected (both wireless and physical) to
form a local area network (LAN).
8.2 Differentiate between peer-to-peer and server-based networks.
8.3 Examine considerations involved in implementing servers in peer-to-peer
and server-based networks.
I CAN . . .
Define Web design terms
Draw an example of a LAN
Draw an example of a WAN
List advantages of Peer-to-peer networks
List disadvantages of Peer-to-peer
networks
List advantages of server based networks
List disadvantages of server based
networks
Definition of World Wide Web
AKA
The
“Web”
“Web”
Define the World Wide Web in your own
terms…
Definition of World Wide Web
Combination of:
Software
Services
Protocols
Documents
Book Definitions
Software that sends information that is
stored in files along the Internet’s
hardware;
A service that uses the Internet to transmit
hyperlinked documents;
Documents or Web Pages stored on the
Internet connected by HTTP
Definition of World Wide Web
The complete set of electronic documents
stored on computers that are connected
over the Internet and are made available
by the protocol known as HTTP
dictionary.com
Definition of Internet
AKA “Net”
Define “Internet” in your own terms…
http://www.learnthenet.com/learn-thebasics/ - Videos
Book Definitions
Hardware, such as computers, cables, and
telephone wires, that are connected to
create a massive worldwide network
The global network of computers used for
communications (components include
email, FTP, and the Web)
A collection of networks where users gain
access to services such as email, FTP, etc
Definition of Internet
A vast computer network of smaller
networks connected to create a large
network that uses network protocols to
facilitate data exchange
Differences
World Wide Web and Internet are NOT the
same
Wide Web – documents and software
(web pages, email software, etc)
World
– interconnected hardware
(computers, cables & wires, etc.)
Internet
Internet: Collection of Networks
Computers that are linked
together via a medium
Phone
Cable
Fiber
Satellites,
etc.
Internet: Collection of Networks
Purposes
Share
resources
Printers
Files
Internet: Collection of Networks
Access
networks via
Host or a
Node
Intranet
A local or restricted communications
network
A
private network created using WWW
software
Used in small or large businesses, college
campuses, etc.
May be composed of multiple LANs
Extranet
In contrast with intranet
May
also be accessed by customers,
suppliers, or other approved parties
Extends a private network (intranet)
Provides outsiders authentication or
authorization to access a private network
Allows collaboration, project management &
builds customer relations
Networks
Server
High speed computers
Store information and resources to be
shared
Clients
Individual computers in a network
Networks
LAN
Local
Area Network
A network that links computers
that are close together or in a
single location such as
Department
Floor
Building
Networks
WAN
Wide
Area Network
Network that connects
computers across a wide
geographical area such as
Buildings across town
Cities or even Regions
Internet is the largest
WAN in existence
Peer to Peer Networking
• aka P2P Network
• Both suppliers and
consumers of resources
• Made popular by file sharing
systems like Napster
• Users decide who gets
access
• Designed for a small number
of computers (10-15)
Networks
Client-Server network
Servers
and clients
connected together
Servers answer requests
from clients
Server is optimized to answer
requests quickly
Files are centrally located
Better levels of security
Internet system is based on
this type of network
ACTIVITY
Find your partner
On a clean sheet of paper draw an
example of how you think the Internet
looks.
Remember – the Internet is the largest
WAN – made up of smaller LANS
Multiple
LANS
Server(s)
Client(s)
Printer(s)
Medium(s)
History of the Internet
Forerunner of today’s Internet
ARPAnet
- Advanced Research Projects
Agency Network
Established in 60’s for military and
scientific use
Two network nodes between UCLA and
Stanford University
Connected
by a phone line
ARPANET
Main purpose – to maintain
communications in case of a nuclear war
or natural disaster
This
was tested during the Gulf War when the
Iraqis were able to maintain communications
Not the Internet we know today
to navigate – not “user friendly”
Knowledgeable in terms and commands
Complicated interface
Difficult
Development of the Internet
Concept attributed to J.C.R.
Licklider
Professor
at MIT
1962 described a future “Galactic
Network” of linked computers that
would enable everyone access to
computer resources
Many industry experts considered
it a waste of time and did not
support his idea
Licklider went to work for ARPA
Creation of WWW
Attributed to Tim Berners-Lee 89-91
Frustrated/Difficult retrieving phone
numbers and documents
Developed new protocol called Hypertext
Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Enable
server
communication between a client and
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Protocol (set of rules)
used by the Web to
transport Web files from
a Web Server to a Web
browser
Hyperlinks (Links)
Parts of hypertext that allow you to
jump from one document/topic to
another
Another
spot in the same document
A completely different document
Your computer
Another computer anywhere
in the world
Web Pages & Sites
Hypertext documents make up
Pages – individual text
documents/files created with HTML
tags to display properly in a Web
browser
Web
Web Pages make up
Sites – Collection of Web pages
with a common theme or purpose
Web
Web Pages & Sites
Evolved from simple pages
of text only
To complex sites with
graphics and multimedia to
make purchases, download
music, get current stock
quotes
Hypertext Markup Language
(HTML)
Code Used to create Web pages
Web Browsers
To see web pages –
must use
Web
Browser
Software
used to
retrieve, interpret,
and display Web
content on a
user’s PC
WEB BROWSERS
Text
based browsers
First
browsers
Text
only
No pictures or graphics
Second
generation of browsers
Graphical
based
Support text, pictures, graphics, and
sound
MOSAIC
Mosaic - world’s first well-known browser
Responsible for making the World Wide
Web popular
Without it – the average person may never
have heard of the web
Major achievement - Put a graphical user
interface (GUI) on the web
Linked sites using hypertext
GUI – Graphical User Interface
Pronounces “Gooey”
Allows users to communicate by clicking
on pictures – aka icons
Both Windows and Macintosh systems
use a GUI interface
Browsers Today
Two dominate Web browsers
Originally
Netscape
Navigator/Communicator
Microsoft’s Internet Explorer
Other browsers have caught up
Firefox
Browsers are similar on all types of
computer systems – Unix, Windows,
Macintosh