Transcript Class 25 - Nov. 23

CSCI 465
Data Communications and Networks
Lecture 25
Martin van Bommel
CSCI 465
Data Communications & Networks
1
IP Versions
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IP v 1-3 defined and replaced
IP v4 - current version
IP v5 - streams protocol
IP v6 - replacement for IP v4
– during development it was called IPng
(IP Next Generation)
CSCI 465
Data Communications & Networks
2
Why Change IP Versions?
• Address space exhaustion:
– 2 level addressing (network and host) wastes space
– IP network addresses used even if not connected
• Growth of networks and the Internet
– extended use of TCP/IP – e.g. TV, point-of-sale
– single address per host not flexible
• Requirements for new types of service
– address configuration
• Routing flexibility - traffic support
CSCI 465
Data Communications & Networks
3
IPv6 Enhancements
• expanded 128 bit address space
• improved option mechanism
– most not examined by intermediate routes
• dynamic address assignment
• increased addressing flexibility
– unicast, anycast, and multicast
• support for resource allocation
• labeled packet flows
CSCI 465
Data Communications & Networks
4
IPv6
PDU
(Packet)
Structure
5
IPv6 Header
CSCI 465
Data Communications & Networks
6
IP v6 Flow Label
• related sequence of packets - special handling
– identified by source and destination address +
flow label
– flow number generated randomly
• make sure not to reuse within lifetime of old flow
• router treats packets of flow the same
– treatment pre-negotiated with router(s)
CSCI 465
Data Communications & Networks
7
IPv6 Addresses
• 128 bits long
– Assigned to interface
– Same interface may have multiple addresses
• Types of addresses
– Unicast – single interface address
– Anycast – one of a set of interface addresses
– Multicast – all of a set of interface addresses
CSCI 465
Data Communications & Networks
8
Hop-by-Hop Options
• must be examined by every router
– if unknown discard/forward handling is specified
• next header – type of header that follows
• header extension length – length of this header
• Options
– Jumbo payload
• IPv6 packet is longer than 65,535 octets
– Router alert
• Tells router(s) that packet contains router control data
CSCI 465
Data Communications & Networks
9
Fragmentation Header
• fragmentation only allowed at source
• no fragmentation at intermediate routers
• node must perform path discovery to find
smallest MTU (maximum transmission unit) of
intermediate networks
• set source fragments to match MTU
• otherwise limit to 1280 octets
– minimum MTU must be supported by networks
CSCI 465
Data Communications & Networks
10
Routing Header
• contains a list of one or more intermediate nodes
to be visited on the way to a packet’s destination
• Includes
– Next header identification, Header length, Routing type
– Segments left – number of route segments left
• Type 0 routing – IPv6 header has address of router
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Routing header contains list of router addresses
Next destination address first on list
Final destination address last on list
Each router on path moves address to IPv6 header and
shortens list
CSCI 465
Data Communications & Networks
11
IPv6 Extension Headers
CSCI 465
Data Communications & Networks
12