Transcript The Age of Exploration

Early Globalization Vocabulary
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Define the following terms: caravel,
colony, conquistador, mercantilism,
plantations, Middle Passage, culture, export,
peninsulare, mestizo, creole, mulatto,
encomienda, mita, circumnavigate,
mercantilism, tariff, immunity
Copy the following questions in your notebook,
and think about how you would answer them.
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Why did Europeans want to travel to Asia?
What were the motives behind European
exploration?
How were European voyages made possible?
Which countries were involved in this
exploration?
What was the Columbian Exchange?
The Age of Exploration
1500-1800
Europe’s relative isolation
for nearly 1,000 years
World Known to Europeans
World Known to Europeans
World Known to Europeans
Why did Europeans want
to travel to Asia?
Early European Exploration
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During the 1300s, Europeans depended
on Asian sources for its spices
The Spice Trade and $$$- China & India,
Arab-Muslim traders, Venetian traders
By the 1400s, Europeans were looking for
their own trade routes to Asia. Why?
Motives behind Europe’s desire to
explore and discover new trade routes:
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increased profits from Asian goods
desire to spread Christianity
curiosity and learning
adventure and glory
How were the European voyages
made possible?
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the increasing wealth and power of the
European monarchies
changes in technology
expanded world views inspired by
Renaissance thinkers
Which countries were involved?
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Portugal
Spain
The Dutch Republic (Netherlands)
England
France
European Exploration
Early Exploration
 The Vikings, 1000 A.D.
Prelude to the Age of Exploration
 Christian Crusades (11th-14th centuries)
 Marco Polo, The Travels of Marco Polo (1295)
• European desire for foreign goods from the East
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The Renaissance (14th century)
• curiosity and knowledge
• printing press
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The development of nation-states (15th - 18th
centuries)
Portugal
 Portuguese naval technology- Prince Henry the
Navigator
• Ceuta, 1415
• Sagres, 1419
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compass, astrolabe, maps
changes in ship construction (caravel), use of lateen sails
• exploration encouraged along western coast
of Africa
• 1440s, Portugal reached the Gold Coast
• 1448, Portugal established trade posts in
Africa
• Henry died in 1460
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Bartholomeu Días, 1488
Vasco da Gama, 1498
The Caravel
Spain
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Expulsion of the Muslims (Moors) from Spanish Peninsula
Spanish unity- Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile (1469)
Spain’s focus was on exploration westward
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Christopher Columbus
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• Columbus presented his “Enterprise of the Indies” plan to
Portugal in 1484
• Columbus’ beliefs
• Columbus’ needs
• Columbus’ search for financial backing
• Spring of 1492- Columbus and Hispaniola
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The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
• established a line that divided the newly explored regions.
Portugal would control territories east of the line (African coast
and Brazil), and Spain would control lands west of the line
(most of the Americas)
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Amerigo Vespucci
Consequence?
A new global economy began to emerge.
Columbian Exchange
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The Columbian Exchange was the interchange
of plants, animals, and other organisms
between the Old World (Europe) and the New
World (the Americas).
Today, three-fifths of the food produced in the
world originated in the Americas (see p.60 in
World History textbook)
European arrival and the consequences for the
native inhabitants in the Americas
New World Origins
Old World Origins
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persimmon
beans
bell and hot peppers
blueberry
cranberry
maize or corn
manioc
papaya
pineapple
pumpkin
squash
sweet potato
white potato
tobacco
tomato
wild rice
syphilis (possibly reintroduced
into Europe)
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apple
beet
cabbage
carrot
celery
cucumber
eggplant
grapefruit
lemon
peach
plum
olives
sugarcane
measles
horses
cholera
cattle
whooping cough
sheep
typhus
swine
Writing Assignment
Analyze the reasons why Native
Americans it both North and South
America might be offended by the term
“New World.” What does the use of
the term suggest about European
attitudes toward the rest of the world?
Refer to the Treaty of Tordesillas and
use other specific examples.
Factors contributing to European overseas exploration:
Mercantilism: a set of principles that dominated
economic thought on the seventeenth century;
it held that the prosperity of a nation depended
on a large supply of gold and silver
Mercantilism
manufactured goods
Mother
Country
Colony
raw materials
Sugar
Sugar Plantation
The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
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1498, Christopher Columbus and Slaves
1518, first Spanish boatload of slaves to the
Americas
Native Americans and Slavery
African Slaves and European Slave Merchants
How did merchants acquire slaves to sell?
Slavery in Africa and Slavery in the Americas
The Middle Passage
The Slave Auction in the Americas
A Slave’s Life
Protest from African Rulers
How did the slave trade profit Europe?
Why didn’t Europe protest the slave trade?
The later decades of the slave trade
Triangular Trade
View of a ship’s hold shows plan for transporting slaves to the
Americas. Up to 35 percent did not survive the journey across
the Atlantic known as the Middle Passage.
From 1451 to 1870, over 10 million African
slaves were shipped to the Americas.
A buyer inspects slaves at a Brazilian slave market. Most of the
African slaves went to South America and the Caribbean.