Transcript Access for Developing Countries - Berkman Center for Internet and

Towards 200 million Telephone and Internet
Connections
in India
Dr. Ashok Jhunjhunwala, TeNeT Group
Department of Electrical Engineering
IIT Madras, Chennai
[email protected]
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Today India barely has
• 20 million telephones and
less than 0.5 million Internet connections
for its 1000 million people
¤ needs 150 to 200 million telephone and Internet connections
¤ lack of Internet connections can create a divide in society
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Bottleneck I : Telephone network is expensive
• Investments required per line:
Rs 32,000
¤ 15 % finance cost and 15% cost for operation,
maintenance and obsolescence
¤ Revenue required per line per year:
Rs 9,600
• not affordable to more than 2 to 3 % of population
A serious obstacle to rapid Internet growth
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Why is Telecom Network expensive?
• Costs about $1000 per line in the West
¤ is affordable to most in the West
¤ focus of R&D is not on cost reduction, but to provide
enhanced features and services at the same cost
• Efforts required in country like India to
significantly reduce costs
¤ if costs could be reduced to Rs 10,000 per line
 average revenue required per month less than Rs 250
 affordable to 20 % of population
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But is it possible ?
• Not easy, but why not ?
• For example CDOT’s exchange today
° costs two-third of imported exchange and
° provides 10 million of 20 million lines in India
• And in the process
¤ achieve lowest cost telecom and Internet solution
¤ serve a market of several hundred million in India and
other developing countries
 Consequently become the world leader in technology
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Telecom Network Trends
• Cost of Backbone Network falling rapidly
¤ at the same time capacity increasing dramatically
• but increase in Access Costs negates this fall
¤ Access costs in urban areas close to Rs 22,000 per line
¤ Access costs in rural areas much higher
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Bottleneck II: Internet chokes PSTN

To other
routers
R
o
u
t
e
r
PSTN
modem
ISP
• Internet Connections ON for long hours
— higher Erlang traffic causes congestion as telephone network
designed to handle only 0.1 E traffic per subscriber
• Rs 26 per hour local call charges in India
• modem links unreliable -- 33.6 kbps to as low as 9.6 kbps
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TeNeT group at IIT Madras
• Vision to enable India have 100 to 200 million Telecom and
Internet connections at the earliest possible
¤ Leverage advances in technology to develop versatile Access Systems
• that cost significantly less and
• overcomes Internet Access bottleneck
¤ keeping local requirements in mind
• poor quality of power
• high cost of reliable air-conditioning
• space crunch at city centers
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Access network must separate Internet data
To Exchange
E1 (V5.2)
voice
A
U
SU

To Intenet
IP
• concentrate bursty Internet data close to subscriber
• Interface to PSTN and Internet on open protocols
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corDECT Wireless in Local Loop
To Exchange
E1 (V5.2)
voice
DIU
+
WS

RAS
To Intenet
IP
• simultaneous
¤ 35 kbps Internet access (70 kbps upgrade in near future)
¤ telephone connection supporting fax, PCO and speakerphone
• Rs 13,000 -----> Rs 17,000 (for sparse rural areas)
• Rs 8,000 with multiwallset
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DIAS (dsl on copper)
To Exchange
E1 (V5.2)
voice
To Internet
IP
I
A
N
BDSU

HDSU
 
2Mbps
Copper
• 144/80 kbps Internet + simultaneous voice
¤
Rs 12,000 + copper cost
• 2 Mbps Internet + upto 8 phones
¤
Rs 25,000 + copper cost
• Always ON permanent Internet connection
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Versatile Remote Unit (VRU)
To Exchange
E1 (V5.2)
voice

V
R
U
• Plain old Telephone service
¤ 56 kbps Internet possible with a RASM behind exchange
¤
Rs 2000 + copper cost
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Access Center
Key to Low-cost and Versatility
• combine wireless, DSL on copper and POTS optimally
• locate Access Center near subscriber cluster
° wireless gives umbrella coverage
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Integrated Access Centre (AC)
E1 (V5.2)
voice
To Exchange
A
C
SU

DSU

To Internet

IP
• combines WiLL, DIAS and VRU
¤ WiLL : Rs 13,000 ---> Rs 17,000 (for sparse rural areas)
•
Rs 8000 with multiwallset
¤ BDSU : Rs 12,000 + copper
• HDSU : Rs 25,000 + copper
¤ POTS : Rs 2,000 + copper
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Access Center
)
wave
radio/Fiber
DIU
Ratio of Wired / Wireless / Internet Access
Lines depending
on Access scenario


VRU
IAN
TA
IAN
BDSU
Power
Plant
Battery
HDSU

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
Fibre backhaul : 34 / 155 Mbps : Fibre in the Loop
E3/SDH
E1
voice
D&I
D&I
Internet
D&I
D&I
+
AC
COMUX



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Radio backhaul : 8 / 34 / 155 Mbps
To Exchange
 wave radio
E1
voice
(
(
AC

To Internet
IP


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Network Management System
• A must with distributed deployment of Intelligent nodes
• Convergence of Telecom and Internet management
• Manage traffic, subscribers, subscriber equipment and network health
from management centers
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Product Visuals
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Wallset : Subscriber premises equipment
Direct connection for
- Telephone set
- G3 fax machine
- Modem
- Payphone
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WS/WS-IP : Wallset with external antenna
External Antenna for
Enhanced Range of
10 Km (LoS)
35 kbps / 70 kbps Intenet traffic
plus simultaneous voice
RS232
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Multi Wallset (MWS)
MWS Antenna
& RF Electronics




¤ MWS for 4 Telephones in a multistoried building
¤ Reduces per line cost to half
¤ Ethernet port in future (for Internet access)
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WS Connected to BS

BS mounted on pole on streets :
Range 150 - 400 m
BS mounted on roof-tops :
Range 10 Km (LOS)
Each BS serves 50 subscribers at 0.1 E per subscriber
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DECT Interface Unit (DIU)
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iKon RAS
Relay Base Station (RBS) in near future
)
25 km LOS
RBS
BS
25 m

35 m
10 km
¤ 25 km range with RBS in sparse rural areas
¤ uses DECT frequencies
¤ no frequency planning needed
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DIAS - IAN Rack
BDSU
Map with an alarm
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Mosaic of Views
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Access Centre deployment examples
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Connaught Place
(Delhi)
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Available Solution from TeNeT group
• Can provide total Telecom and Internet solution
¤ in urban areas at a cost of Rs 17,000 per line
¤ in rural areas at a cost of Rs 21,000 per line
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Access Centre evolution
• Add cable-modem to Access Center to support voice, Internet and
entertainment
• Upgrade Access Centers with
¤ 384 / 1.1 Mbps corDECT WLL
¤ new Wireless Access technologies (3G wireless)
¤ vDSL and xDSL technologies
• Add QoS feature to Internet Access Systems
(to support voice over IP)
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But this is only a beginning
• Tasks ahead
¤ involve many more companies to design for India
¤ innovate to further reduce costs
¤ integrate access terminal to communication device
Policy issues
• enable India to become design house for the world by
encouraging local designs
• enable franchise operation of telecom network
• incentives for providing network in small towns and rural areas
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Covering Small Towns and Rural Areas Using
Indian Railway Network
H
H
~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~ H
H
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ H
Ethernet
Internet Kiosk

WLL coverage in
vicinity
• 50-200 connections in each town
• 8000 towns/villages in country covered by Indian
Railways
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H-Connect