Transcript Chapter 8/9

8b-9
THE INTERNET & THE
NEW INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
INFRASTRUCTURE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
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IT Infrastructure
Internet Technologies
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Networking Models
Internet Benefits
ecommerce technologies
Managing the new it Infrastructure
MANAGEMENT
CHALLENGES
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Broader perspective on infrastructure
development with company wide impact
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Kiosks, point-of-sales (POS) terminals, information
appliances, Internet
LINKS(NODE): Workstations, network computers,
local area networks (LAN), server computers,
printer, fax…
INFORMATION FLOWS FREELY THROUGHOUT
ORGANIZATION
Selecting technologies, development, java,
xml, servers, microsoft, unix mainframes,
networks
THE NEW INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY (IT)
INFRASTRUCTURE
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ENTERPRISE NETWORKING: Hardware,
software, networks, data resources. Creates
company wide network to speed processes,
lower costs
INTERNETWORKING: Linking of separate
networks inside and outside of organization
Net3
Net1
Net2
CONNECTIVITY
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MEASURE OF ABILITY OF COMPUTING
DEVICES TO PASS & SHARE INFORMATION
WITHOUT HUMAN INTERVENTION
OPEN SYSTEMS: Software able to function on
different computer platforms. Nonproprietary
operating systems, applications, protocols
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OSI (Open System Interconnection Model) A
model used to represent communications systems
TRANSMISSION CONTROL
PROTOCOL / INTERNET
PROTOCOL (TCP / IP)
DEVELOPED BY DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE IN
1972
Five layers or parts:
1. APPLICATION: Provides screen presentations
2. TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL (TCP):
Breaks data into datagrams
3. INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP): Breaks, sends
datagrams as smaller IP packets; can repeat
transmission to increase reliability
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TRANSMISSION CONTROL
PROTOCOL / INTERNET
PROTOCOL (TCP / IP)
4. NETWORK INTERFACE (DATA LINK): Handles
addressing and interface between computer
& network
5. PHYSICAL NET: Defines electrical
transmission characteristics for sending signal
along networks to destination
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OPEN SYSTEM
INTERCONNECT (OSI) can
also model TCP/IP
Normally 7 layers (session and presentation are
part of the application layer)
IE/HTTP
TCP
IP
Ethernet
Application
Transport
Network
Datalink
Computer/Device A
Message
Packet
Application
Transport
Datagram
Network
Frame
Datalink
Physical
Net
Computer/Device B
THE INTERNET
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BEGAN AS GOVERNMENT CONNECTION
OF UNIVERSITIES
INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER (ISP):
Organization connected to Internet,
leases temporary connections to
subscribers
NO ONE OWNS IT (The whole thing at
least), NO FORMAL ORGANIZATION
CLIENT/ SERVER
ON THE INTERNET
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CLIENT: Runs Web browser, other software,
connects to server
SERVER: Has Web server (HTTP), Simple Mail
Transfer Protocol (SMTP), Domain Name
Serving (DNS), File Transfer Protocol (FTP),
Firewall (filters data to & from Internet),
Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP)
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EXAMPLES OF INTERNET
CLIENT PLATFORMS Devices
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PC: General purpose, performs many tasks, may be
unreliable, complex
NET PC: Minimal local storage & processing, uses
software, services delivered by Internet
PAGER: Handheld, provides limited e-mail, browsing
SMART PHONE: Handheld, has small screen, keyboard, email, browsing, voice
GAME MACHINE: Modem, keyboard, Web access
PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANT (PDA): Handheld personal digital
assistant
E-MAIL MACHINE: Tablet, keyboard, text e-mail, requires e-mail
service
SET TOP BOX: Provides Web surfing, e-mail, uses television set,
wireless keyboard
MAJOR INTERNET
SERVICES Applications
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E -MAIL: Person -to-person messaging; document
sharing (SMTP, POP3)
USERNET NEWSGROUPS: Electronic bulletin boards
for discussion groups (NNSP)
LISTSERVs: e-mail list servers for discussion groups
(SMTP, POP3)
CHATTING: Interactive conversations (IRC)
Instant Messaging: Private chat channels (Varies)
TELNET: Log on one computer, work on another
FTP: Transfer files from computer to computer
GOPHERS: Use menus to locate text material
WORLD WIDE WEB: Text, audio, graphics, video
Telephony: Voice over IP
VPN
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A virtual Private Network
An encrypted message send over a
public network
A low cost flexible Extranet technology
DNS and Addresses
Application
www.yahoo.com
(DNS Name)
Transport
Network
Datalink
Computer/Device B
164.121.3.4 (IP Address
4 billion)
FE:23:A4:45:B3:2C
(Mac Address)
Web TERMS
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HOME PAGE: WWW screen display welcomes
user to organization’s page
WEBMASTER: Person in charge of Web site
HYPERTEXT TRANSPORT PROTOCOL (http):
Communications standard used to transfer
Web pages
HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE (HTML):
Popular document language for creating Web
sites
UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR (URL):
Address of specific Internet resource
URLs
http://www.prenhall.com/laudon/page1.htm
Protocol
Host
Directory and file
Registered Domain
Major Domain
DOMAIN
NAME
SEARCHING THE WEB FOR
INFORMATION
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SEARCH ENGINE: Tool for locating
specific sites or information on WWW
PORTAL: Point of entry to WWW
“PUSH” TECHNOLOGY: Server streams
relevant content to browser
MULTICASTING: Sending data to select
group
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NEXT GENERATION INTERNET
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BROADBAND: Fiber optics and related
technology will provide much higher delivery
speed (target: 10 to 100 million bits per
second to the desktop)
INTERNET2: New protocols, higher
transmission speed, interconnected gigapops
(regional high-speed points-of-presence),
connected to high-performance Backbone
Network infrastructure. Will differentiate
priorities of messages, provide video portals
for lifelike video
THE WIRELESS WEB
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MOBILE COMMERCE
(m-commerce)
ACCESS TO WEB ON THE GO: Anywhere, any
time, many functions
INFORMATION-BASED SERVICES
TRANSACTION-BASED SERVICES
PERSONALIZED SERVICES
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INTRANET
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INTERNAL NETWORK
WWW TECHNOLOGY
FIREWALL: Security System to Prevent
Invasion of Private Networks
OVERCOMES COMPUTER PLATFORM
DIFFERENCES
OFTEN INSTALLED ON EXISTING NETWORK
INFRASTRUCTURE
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EXTRANET
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ALLOWS SELECT USERS OUTSIDE
ORGANIZATION TO USE ITS INTRANET:
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CUSTOMERS
BUSINESS PARTNERS
VENDORS
EXTRANET
DATABASES
CUSTOMER
SUPPLIER
INTERNET
FIREWALL
SERVER
BUSINESS
PARTNER
CLIENTS
INTERNET BENEFITS
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GLOBAL CONNECTIVITY
REDUCED COMMUNICATIONS COST
LOWER TRANSACTION COSTS
REDUCED AGENCY COSTS
INTERACTIVITY, FLEXIBILITY,
CUSTOMIZATION
ACCELERATED KNOWLEDGE
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E-COMMERCE
SERVER SOFTWARE
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SET UP ELECTRONIC STOREFRONT
DESIGN ELECTRONIC SHOPPING CART
MAKE SHIPPING ARRANGEMENTS
LINK TO ELECTRONIC PAYMENT
DISPLAY PRODUCT AVAILABILITY & TRACK
SHIPMENTS
CONNECT TO BACK-OFFICE SYSTEMS
REPORT TRANSACTION
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CUSTOMER
TRACKING TOOLS
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COLLECT & STORE DATA ON BEHAVIOR
ANALYZE DATA
IDENTIFY TRENDS
CLICKSTREAM TRACKING: Collects detailed
customer data, stores in log
COLLABORATIVE FILTERING: Combines data
on similar customers, predicts future behavior
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ADDITIONAL
TOOLS
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WEB CONTENT MANAGEMENT: Assists
Webmaster oversee large sites
WEB SITE PERFORMANCE
MONITORING: Detects, analyzes, helps
correct problems
WEB HOSTING SERVICE: Maintains
large Web server for subscribers
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POTENTIAL PROBLEMS WITH IT
INFRASTRUCTURE
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CONNECTIVITY & APPLICATION
INTEGRATION
LOSS OF MANAGEMENT CONTROL
ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE
HIDDEN COSTS
NETWORK RELIABILITY, SECURITY,
BANDWIDTH
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8b-9
THE INTERNET & THE
NEW INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
INFRASTRUCTURE