Transcript Friday, January 10th

Friday, January
th
10
Bell Work: Please pick up a Document
Analysis from the front table on your
way to your seat and turn in your SFI
List to the homework bin. Take the first
10 minutes of class to read the
document and answer the
accompanying 3 questions (on back).
Daily Agenda:
• Bell Work: Document
Analysis
• Lecture: Early Americans
and Exploration
• Primary Document:
Examining Passenger Lists
Essential Question:
How did the diverse
backgrounds of Native
Americans, Europeans,
and Africans both
enhance and limit the
development of an
American society?
Homework: Read Chapter 2 and complete Guided
Reading worksheet.
What is the most important thing to know about
the pre-Columbian Native Americans?
• There were
hundreds/thousands of
different nations.
• Not United!
• How would that hurt them
against European invaders?
• One group loosely
united – Iroquois
• Confederation (loose
union) of tribes
– Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida,
Cayuga, Seneca, Tuscarora
Florida Tribes in 1492
• South Florida – Calusa
• Middle/NE – Timucua
• Panhandle – Apalachee
– Plus other smaller tribes
• If you were a Native
America living in
Citrus County 500
years ago, what area
would be best to
live?
• How would you live?
Europe in 1300s and 1400s
• Most modern nations were not yet
developed. Many smaller kingdoms.
• But what was the one unifying source for
Europe?
• Who was the unofficial leader of Europe?
– How was this shown?
• Crusades
Out of the Dark Ages
• Marco Polo – how did his writings lead to
exploration?
– What was the big deal about spices?
• Renaissance – rebirth in learning
• Scientific Revolution – Compass,
Astrolabe, Caravels (ships)
Death and Monarchs
• “Black Death” or
Black Plague
How would the immune system be of the
survivors?
How would this be different from the
Native Americans?
• Smaller kingdoms combine to form
larger nations
• Would be competing with each
other.
• In 1500 the most powerful European
countries were:
• Portu
gal
• Spain
• Franc
e
• Neth
erlan
ds
• Engla
nd
The Drunk Priest strikes
• Martin Luther – 95 theses and split of church
• Reformation
• Protestant Churches
– Christian, but not Roman Catholic or Greek
Orthodox
• Many of the Protestants would have groups
settle in the American colonies.
Hierarchy
• Within royal families
• Social Hierarchy
– Primogeniture
– Who got everything
when dad died?
– What did the other
sons do? Daughters?
– What if they explored
new areas?
Reflection Questions
• What happened to make civilizations occur in
the Americas?
• How is it that Native Americans did not all join
together to fight the invading Europeans?
• How was slavery in Africa and how would it be
different in the new world?
• How did events in Europe lead to exploration
of the Americas?
Exploration
Unit 1.2
Who came before Columbus?
• Besides the original Native Americans, one group from Europe -
• Vikings
– Vineland, around 1000 A.D.
• Why does it not really matter compared to
Columbus?
Portugal
• Prince Henry the Navigator – Started school,
financed explorations
• Portugal would search for route to Asia
around Africa
• Later Treaty of Tordesillas between Portugal
and Spain.
– Why would the Pope want this in 1494?
– What was the problem with it?
1492 Who sailed the Ocean blue?
• 1492 and Columbus changes history.
• Columbian Exchange
– New things in new places.
– What are some new things to the New World?
– What are some new things to the Old World?
– What major agricultural products came to Florida
that were not here before Columbus?
Spanish in the Americas
• Conquistadores and the three Gs - ____, ____,
and ____
• Cortes and the Aztecs
• Repeating theme for Native Americans:
– What happened to them once they met Europeans?
• Encomienda System – demanded labor
(feudal-like)
– What was the problem with Native Americans for
labor?
– What was the solution?
Spanish in Florida (and Citrus Co.)
• Ponce de Leon – 1513. What happened on his
2nd trip?
– What is he truly looking for?
– Pánfilo de Narváez – 1527
• Hernando de Soto – 1539
• St. Augustine (first city established in future
US)
• Pensacola and missions
– Why did the Spanish establish those towns in
Florida?
Spanish in the Southwest
• Santa Fe established as capital of New Mexico in
1609.
• Harsh treatment of Native Americans led to
Pueblo Rebellion
– Led by Pope in 1680
• California missions in response to Russian Alaska
settlement
French in the Americas
• Would settle in future Canada, Great Lakes
area, and Mississippi River valley. New France
• Explorers – Champlain, Jolliet, Marquette, La
Salle
• What was their major source of income?
• How was their treatment of Native Americans
different from other Europeans? Why?
The Dutch and Swedish
• Established trading posts • Swedish settle in current
called Patroons
N.J. area
• In New Netherlands
– Taken over by Dutch
– Now New York
– New Amsterdam – NYC
• Many financial ideas start
– Port Orange – Albany
• How was the treatment of Native
Americans by the Dutch?
– Bring to America the log cabin
Early British Exploration
• Sir Francis Drake and raids on Spanish
• John Cabot and the search for the Northwest
Passage
• Defeat of Spanish Armada in 1588 open door for
English
• Roanoke – “The Lost Colony” – founded in 1587
– Virginia Dare – 1st English child born in North America
– What happened to it?
• Croatan
Jamestown - 1607
• Virginia Company / London Company
– Joint-stock company – purpose is to make $$$
– What were they looking for?
• John Smith
– Powhattan and his daughter (who is that?)
• Starving Time (1609/10)
• Saved (economically) by John Rolfe and his “brown
gold”
• Virginia Company later bankrupted, Virginia became
the 1st royal colony.
Reflection Questions
• What long-term impacts did Spanish colonies
have on what would be the United States?
• Why did the Spanish settle Florida and California?
• How was the treatment of Native Americans by
different European Countries?
• Why did the English first come to North America?
• What is the real story behind the story of
Pocahontas?
Settling the Colonies:
• Between 1150-1650, England’s population increased from 3 to 5
million.
• The colonies provided an outlet and an opportunity for people who
needed jobs or who lost farmland in England.
• Many of these people became indentured servants but the number
of indentured servants differed from colony to colony.
• 75-80 percent of the English men and women who came to
Virginia/Chesapeake in the 1600s were servants. 35 percent of
those who came to New England were servants.
• In 1634, the King of England told officials in London to record
information on all the people sailing abroad. He didn’t want
England to lose its wealthier subjects and he wanted to make sure
that passengers were loyal to the King and Church of England.
• Today, we’re going to look at two passenger lists from ships headed
to the colonies.
Discussion:
• What are the biggest differences between the two ships?
• What does this information tell you about the differences
between New England and Virginia in the 1630s?
• What do you think will change once plantation owners in
the Chesapeake area begin replacing indentured servants
with African slaves?
• Imagine the setting: Officials are collecting this information
as passengers board the ship? Is the setting noisy or
orderly? Are officials guaranteed to get accurate
information? How do you explain the fact that all the
passengers swore allegiance to the Church of England (we
know that many immigrants were religious dissenters, like
the Puritans who were escaping because of religious
persecution)?
• What more do you want to know about these passengers?
What information is missing from these lists? How might
you go about finding that information?
Homework:
Read Chapter 2 and complete Guided
Reading worksheet (due Monday)