Transcript Chapter 4- Atlantic World Notes [Autosaved].

World History
Unit 4
Connecting Hemispheres:
900 - 1800
Chapter 20
The Atlantic World,
1492-1800 A.D.
Section 1
Spanish Conquests in the Americas
January 26, 2016
CHAPTER FOUR
THE ATLANTIC
WORLD
Essential Question:
What was the impact of
European exploration and
colonization of the Americas?
(GET A GLUE STICKmake a pocket!)
What was the impact of European exploration and
colonization of the Americas?
Spanish Conquests in the Americas
•
•
•
•
Objectives
To describe the Spanish conquest of the
Americas beginning with Columbus.
To describe the conquest of the Aztec and Inca
by the Spanish.
To identify the effects of Spanish colonization on
the Americas.
Vocabulary: Christopher Columbus, colony,
Hernando Cortez, conquistadors, Montezuma II,
Francisco Pizarro, mestizo, encomienda
The Voyages of Christopher Columbus
• Columbus sailed for Spain, heading west looking
for an alternate route to Asia
• October 1492, he lands on a Caribbean island
(Bahamas) and claims it and other islands for
Spain
• Columbus returned again in 1493, hoping to
establish colonies (lands that are controlled by
another nation)…pg. 119
• http://hondatech.com/showthread.php?p=49217616
January 27, 2016
Taking a few notes
on today’s WOW
What was the impact of European exploration and
colonization of the Americas?
Voyages of Columbus
Goal = sea route to India
• San Salvador in Caribbean
• los indios (Indians)
• Colonies
Discoveries of Other Explorers
• Amerigo Vespucci
- Declared S. America was
Mundus Novus or “New
World”
- Americas named after him
Waldseemuller’s Map – labeled S. America after Amerigo
Balboa crosses Panama
Other Explorers
• 1500 – Portuguese explorer Cabral reached
Brazil
• 1507 - Amerigo Vespucci traveled along coast of
S. America; realized it wasn’t Asia
• 1513 – Spanish explorer, Balboa, crosses
Panama to the Pacific
• 1519- Ferdinand Magellan sailed around tip of
South America into Pacific; his crew arrived back
in Spain in 1522 – the first people to
circumnavigate the world
Spanish Conquests in Mexico
• Spanish conquistadores (conquerors) looking for
gold and silver were the first Europeans to settle
in the Americas
• 1519 – Hernando Cortés lands in Mexico;
conquers the Aztecs with superior weapons,
horses, help from other native groups who hated
the Aztec (remember human sacrifices?), and
disease…(pg. 120)
• Diseases eventually killed millions of native people of
central Mexico
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQKJRnPpIx
w
Spanish Conquests in Peru
• 1532 – Francisco
Pizarro leads an army
into Peru
• Meets the Incan leader,
Atahualpa, who is
kidnapped and then killed
• Pizarro’s army then
conquers the Incan
capital of Cuzco
• By the mid-16th century,
Spain had created an
empire in the
Americas..(pg. 122)
Spain’s
American
Empire
Encomienda System
System of encomienda in
which natives farmed or
mined for Spanish landlords
for almost no pay—(suffered
cruel and harsh treatment)
-Native workers often
worked to death
Mestizos
• Descendants of the
peninsulares (Spanish settlers)
and native women were
mestizos (mixed Spanish and
native American)
• Spanish settlers imposed their
culture on the native population
Assessment
1) Columbus’ 1st named island
2) main reason for Columbus’ 2nd voyage
3) lands controlled by another nation
4) he claimed Brazil for Portugal
5) new continent America named for him
6) 1st to circumnavigate the earth
7) he conquered the Aztec Empire
8) this term means ‘conquerors’
9) he conquered the Incan Empire
10) define ‘encomienda’
1) San Salvador
2) Spanish settlement
3) colonies
4) Pedro Alvares Cabral
5) Amerigo Vespucci
6) Ferdinand Magellan
7) Hernando Cortes
8) conquistadors
9) Francisco Pizarro
10) native labor system
Spain’s American Empire
Hernando Cortes & Aztecs - 1519
– conquistadors (conquerors)
• gold and silver
– Aztec Empire - 1521
• 600 men
• Tenochtitlan
– Aztec capital
• Montezuma II
– Aztec emperor
• Reasons for conquest
– weapons, allies,
disease
Francisco Pizarro & Incas - 1532
– 200 men vs. 30,000 men
• Atahaulpa
– Incan emperor
– Spain creates empire in
current day Peru
Spanish Conquests in the Americas
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Objectives
To describe the Spanish conquest of the Americas beginning with
Columbus.
Columbus: San Salvador, Magellan – globe (circumnavigate)
To describe the conquest of the Aztec and Inca by the Spanish.
Cortez - Mexico-Aztec conquest, Pizarro - Peru-Inca conquest,
disease and slavery decimate native populations
To identify the effects of Spanish colonization on the Americas.
Spanish advance to N. America, missionaries establish Catholic
missions, Native American peoples resist colonization
Vocabulary: Christopher Columbus, colony, Hernando Cortez,
conquistadors, Montezuma II, Francisco Pizarro, mestizo,
encomienda
Chapter 20
The Atlantic World,
1492-1800 A.D.
Section 2
Competing Claims in North America
Wednesday, December 17, 2014
Take out 4.1 & 4.2 ?’s, glue
in after we go over these
-If you were absent, you
need to get the notes from
my Master ISN or a friend!
- 50 point QUIZ ON 4.1 &
4.2 Thursday!
What was the impact of European exploration and
colonization of the Americas?
January 28, 2016
Quiz on Chapter 4.1 and
4.2 tomorrow (open notes)
What was the impact of European exploration and
colonization of the Americas?
Competing Claims in North America
Objectives
• To identify the French, English, and Dutch
colonial activities in North America.
• To summarize competing claims in North
America.
• Vocabulary: New France, Jamestown, Pilgrims,
Puritans, New Netherland, French and Indian War
Competing Claims in N. America
Settling North America
– route to Asia
• settle for trade / colonies
– New France
• Jacques Cartier
– St. Lawrence, Montreal
• Samuel de Champlain - 1608
– Quebec
• Sieur de La Salle - 1683
– Louisiana
• Establish fur trade rather than
colonies
• Midwest U.S. & E. Canada
– England
• Jamestown - 1607
– gold
– 70% death rate
– 1st permanent settlement
Competing Claims in N. America
Puritan New England
– Pilgrims - 1620
• Plymouth
• separatists
– Puritans - 1630
• Massachusetts Bay
• purify
• families
– Dutch
• Henry Hudson - 1609
– Hudson Bay
– Manhattan Island
• Dutch West India Co. - 1621
– New Netherland
» N. American holdings
• Trade
• Diversity
Competing Claims in N. America
Fight For N. America
– James, Duke of York - 1664
• ousts Dutch (New York)
– English colonists
• 1.3M by 1750
– French and Indian War
•
•
•
•
1754-1763
English defeat French
England gets E. North America
Spain gets Louisiana
– Dutch & French / Indians
• trade alliance
French and Indian Wars
Competing Claims in North America
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Objectives
To identify the French, English, and Dutch colonial activities in
North America.
French - St. Lawrence and Mississippi, fur trade; English Jamestown, religious freedom; Dutch - diverse population
To summarize competing claims in North America.
English drive Dutch from New Netherland; English defeat French
in Seven Years’ War
To describe the Native American response to the land claims
made by Europeans.
French & Dutch trade with natives; English colonies conflict;
disease decimation
Vocabulary: New France, Jamestown, Pilgrims, Puritans, New
Netherland, French and Indian War,
January 29, 2016
Quiz on Chapter 4.1 and
4.2 today (open notes)
What was the impact of European exploration and
colonization of the Americas?
Assessment
1) What passage were Europeans looking
for?
2) founded French colony at Quebec
3) French / Dutch traded natives for these
4) 1st permanent English settlement
5) wanted to separate from the English church
6) religious reformers who founded colony at
Massachusetts Bay
7) Dutch colony that would later be New York
8) the Europeans who had the most colonists
by 1750
9) the winners in the French and Indian War
10) Indian also known as King Philip
1) western route to Asia
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Champlain
beaver furs
Jamestown
Pilgrims
Puritans
7) New Netherland
8) English
9) England
10) Metacom
Dutch Hudson Bay Company
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjhIzemL
dos
Chapter 20
The Atlantic World,
1492-1800 A.D.
Section 3
The Atlantic Slave Trade
The Atlantic Slave Trade
•
•
•
•
•
Objectives
To summarize the evolution of the slave trade.
To describe the triangular trade and the middle
passage.
To describe the life of slaves in the colonies.
To identify the consequences of the Atlantic slave
trade.
Vocabulary: Atlantic slave trade, triangular trade,
middle passage
The Atlantic Slave Trade
Evolution of Slavery
• Africa
– minor institution
– Islam - 7th century
• non-Muslim POWs
• 4.8 million slaves
– men - military
– women - domestic servants
• not hereditary
• European Colonies
– mines and plantations
– Advantages
• immunity to European diseases
• experience in farming
• less likely to escape
The Atlantic Slave Trade
Atlantic Slave Trade
– buying and selling of Africans for
work in the Americas
– 1500-1600: 300,000
– 1600-1700: 1.5 million
– 1700-1870: 9.5 million
• Spain
– 1511 - 1st to import slaves
– mines and plantations
• Portugal
– Brazilian sugar plantations
– 3.6 million
• Caribbean
– sugar, tobacco, coffee
• North America
– 400,000 imported slaves
The Atlantic Slave Trade
The Atlantic Slave Trade
African Rulers
– Africans captured inland
– Slave port cities
– gold, guns, metal tools
Triangular Trade
– Europe to Africa
• slaves
– Africa to Americas
• sugar, coffee, tobacco
– Americas to Europe
Middle Passage
– 250-300 per ship
– 20% death rate
• disease, suicide, executions
The Atlantic Slave Trade
The Atlantic Slave Trade
Slavery in America
– highest bidder
– mines, fields, domestics
– hereditary
• Resistance
– sabotage, slowdowns, escape,
rebellions
Consequences
–
–
–
–
–
–
lost generations
families torn apart
introduction of firearms
economic development
cultural diffusion
mixed populations
The Atlantic Slave Trade
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Objectives
To summarize the evolution of the slave trade.
Spain, Portugal, Holland, France, and England import slaves; Many
Africans profit, some rulers oppose
To describe the triangular trade and the middle passage.
Europe, to Africa, to Americas;Middle passage=millions of slaves;
1 in 5 African slaves die in middle passage
To describe the life of slaves in the colonies.
Africans sold for work on plantations or mines; slaves resist through
sabotage, uprisings, escape, and heritage preservation
To identify the consequences of the Atlantic slave trade.
African families torn apart; loss of African generations; Americas
economies prosper; multicultural Americas populations
Vocabulary: Atlantic slave trade, triangular trade, middle passage