Transcript Chapter 11 Network Design and Implementation

Section 11.1
• Identify customer requirements
• Recommend appropriate network topologies
• Gather data about existing equipment and software
Section 11.2
• Demonstrate knowledge of RAID levels and how to
choose between them
• Identify planning strategies for network growth
• Describe hardware compatibility issues
Section 11.3
• Identify methods to measure server performance
• Demonstrate OS performance
• Identify methods to measure network performance
pp.
11.1
Network Design
Guide to Reading
Main Ideas
Key Terms
Designing a network
requires careful planning.
Decisions about an
existing network should
always be made with
future growth in mind.
budget
legacy application
patch cable
312-319
pp.
11.1
312-319
Network Design
Customer Requirements
It is important to lay a good foundation as you build a
functional network. Throughout this section, we examine a
fictional company that hired you to install a computer
network. Keep in mind that the choices we make are
based on the requirements of this hypothetical company
and do not address every company’s networking situation
and needs.
pp.
11.1
312-319
Network Design
Customer Requirements
In addition to the
customer’s technical
requirements for the
network, you also have to
work within a budget.
Working within the budget
often means making
difficult decisions
regarding all aspects of
the network.
budget A summary stating
how much money and time
will be used toward a specific
purpose. (p. 313)
pp.
11.1
312-319
Network Design
Peer-to-Peer or Client/Server?
The first decision to be made for the new network is
whether it should be a peer-to-peer or a client/server
network.
The factors we need to examine include the following:
• size of the network
• level of security
• type of business
• level of administrative support available
• amount of network traffic
• needs of the network users
• network budget
pp.
11.1
312-319
Network Design
Taking Inventory
A proper inventory
involves at least four
categories, including:
• hardware
• software (including legacy
applications)
• telecommunications
equipment
• network requirements
legacy application
Software that may use older
technology, which may be
considered outdated
compared with today’s
applications. (p. 316)
pp.
11.1
312-319
Network Design
Building a Map
Before a plan is recommended, it is a good idea to make a
map of all the elements involved.
Consider two aspects of the network:
• the physical layout, including the location of each piece of
hardware and how it relates to the others
• the physical and logical topology of the proposed network
pp.
11.1
312-319
Network Design
Installing Network Media
The simplest layout for a
network in the small-office
environment is to use a
physical star.
After the media are
installed, connecting the
computers is
straightforward, using a
patch cable.
patch cable A short length
of cable with connectors at
each end. (p. 318)
pp.
11.1
312-319
Network Design
Designing Within an Existing Infrastructure
Network installations within existing infrastructure present
many challenges:
• cost
• physical factors
• supporting the new infrastructure
pp.
11.1
312-319
Network Design
You Try It
• Activity 11A – Surveying Network Hardware (p. 314)
• Activity 11B – Inventorying Software (p. 316)
• Activity 11C – Determining Network Requirements (p. 317)
• Activity 11D – Mapping the Facility (p. 317)
pp.
11.2
Selecting Hardware
Guide to Reading
Main Ideas
Key Terms
Servers make use of
RAID hard drive
technology to provide
faster disk access and
better data security. It is
important to plan for
change when designing a
network. Select hardware
carefully to ensure it is
compatible with existing
hardware.
array
striping
mirroring
parity
pilot deployments
321-324
pp.
11.2
321-324
Selecting Hardware
RAID Levels
There are several levels of RAID, each with its own
specific capabilities. RAID levels are sometimes combined
to provide the capabilities of multiple levels at the same
time.
pp.
11.2
321-324
Selecting Hardware
RAID Levels
RAID 0
A technique called striping
is used at the RAID 0 level.
RAID 1
A technique called mirroring
is used at the RAID 1 level.
RAID 3
Parity is used at RAID 3.
RAID 5
Instead of using a dedicated
parity drive, the parity
information at the RAID 5
level is distributed among the
drives in the array.
striping A RAID 0 level
technique that spreads data
across each drive in an
array. Increases the array’s
read and write speeds.
(p. 321)
mirroring A process of
duplicating data on the
primary drive to the other
drive(s) in the array. (p. 322)
parity The detecting of
errors in information which
increases fault tolerance at
the RAID 3 level. (p. 322)
pp.
11.2
Selecting Hardware
RAID Levels
Here is an example of RAID 0 and RAID 1.
321-324
pp.
11.2
321-324
Selecting Hardware
Scalability and Planning for Change
When a business expands, its networking needs change
and scale. Three approaches to consider for scalability are
described below:
• A server may require additional RAM or CPUs to keep up with
additional users.
• More disk space may be needed to provide more storage
space.
• Servers may need to be clustered to meet increased demand.
pp.
11.2
321-324
Selecting Hardware
Scalability and Planning for Change
Pilot deployments, also
known as test
installations, can also
make changes easier.
For example, new
software may be installed
on a few user systems.
After a period of testing,
the software is installed
throughout the network.
pilot deployment A period
of testing new software or
program changes before
installation on a network.
Also known as a test
installation. (p. 323)
pp.
11.2
321-324
Selecting Hardware
Hardware Compatibility
Evaluating and selecting hardware is a major part of
planning for network implementation.
The most common incompatibilities occur between
hardware and software.
Be certain to address compatibility issues between new
software and existing hardware before you start any
upgrades.
pp.
11.2
321-324
Selecting Hardware
Hardware Compatibility
You should consider the following list when implementing
new hardware:
• read the documentation
• verify that devices are detected during installation
• check minimum requirements
pp.
11.3
326-332
Server & Network Performance
Guide to Reading
Main Ideas
Key Terms
Regular monitoring of
server performance can
help pinpoint potential
problems. Monitoring
network traffic can be
useful when trying to
determine the cause of
network problems or
deliberate attacks.
baseline
network monitor
protocol analyzer
Internet Control Message
Protocol (ICMP)
Denial of Service (DoS)
pp.
11.3
326-332
Server & Network Performance
Server Performance
When the network is first
set up, it is very important
to create a baseline. This
baseline can be used to
compare performance
over time.
baseline A measurement
used for determining
statistics. For example, a
baseline would help
determine a server’s
performance and traffic flow
over a period of time.
(p. 326)
pp.
11.3
Server & Network Performance
Server Performance
The Windows 2000 and XP OSs feature a tool called
Performance Monitor.
This tool monitors:
• Processor Time
• Interrupt Time
• Privileged Time
• User Time
326-332
pp.
11.3
326-332
Server & Network Performance
Network Performance
Network monitors are
very useful for
establishing part of the
network baseline.
After the baseline has
been established, it is
possible to:
• troubleshoot traffic
problems
• monitor network usage to
determine when it is time to
upgrade
network monitors Software
tools, similar to performance
monitors, that track all or a
selected part of network
traffic. (p. 329)
pp.
11.3
326-332
Server & Network Performance
Network Performance
Protocol analyzers are
the tools used most often
to monitor network
interactivity.
Network administrators
who work with large
networks rely heavily on
protocol analyzers.
protocol analyzer A tool
used to perform real-time
network traffic analysis using
packet capture, decoding,
and transmission data.
(p. 330)
pp.
11.3
326-332
Server & Network Performance
Network Performance
Windows 2000 Server includes a utility called Network
Monitor that allows a network administrator to analyze
network traffic. This utility can be used to analyze a
number of different network statistics. This information is
often critical when trying to isolate potential intrusions.
pp.
11.3
326-332
Server & Network Performance
Network Performance
Certain types of hacker
attacks use one of the
TCP/IP protocols, called
Internet Control Message
Protocol (ICMP).
It can also be responsible for
flooding a network with ICMP
messages, creating a Denial
of Service (DoS) attack.
Information generated by
Network Monitor can help an
administrator find the
exploited machine and close
the security hole.
Internet Control Message
Protocol (ICMP) An Internet
protocol used to help hosts
control network traffic and
respond to various error
conditions. (p. 332)
Denial of Service (DoS) A
type of computer attack that
makes it impossible for a
receiving computer to
function correctly. The attack
can cause the recipient to
freeze, crash, or reboot, or
cause a system to become
paralyzed. (p. 332)
pp.
11.3
Server & Network Performance
You Try It
• Activity 11E – Configuring Performance Monitor (p. 327)
• Activity 11F – Analyzing the Network Using Network
Monitor (p. 331)
326-332
Chapter 11
Resources
For more resources on this chapter, go to the Introduction
to Networks and Networking Web site at
http://networking.glencoe.com.