Transcript “Real World” Smart Grid

Transmission & Distribution Overview
“Real World” Smart Grid
Mel Gehrs – Systems Engineer
November 9, 2009
© 2009 Silver Spring Networks | Company Confidential
Smart Grid Math??
© 2009 Silver Spring Networks | Company Confidential
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Agenda
Overview of Electric Utility Industry
Transmission vs Distribution networks
Voltage, Equipment,Security, Differences
What is the Smart Grid
Value proposition of the Smart Grid
Silver Spring Networks Smart Grid Platform
Mesh, Current Deployments, Security
DA vs AMI
“Real World” Examples
Mixed Deployment
High Rises
FERC Database Substations
US Utilities
respondent_name
Sub
Georgia Power Company
2363
ALABAMA POWER COMPANY
2061
Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC
1945
Oncor Electric Delivery Company
1726
The Detroit Edison Company
1070
PacifiCorp
989
Commonwealth Edison Company
930
Southern California Edison Company
867
Consumers Energy Company
845
Central Illinois Public Service Company
725
Duke Energy Indiana, Inc
719
Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation
711
PACIFIC GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY
681
Electrical Distribution 101
What is a Distribution Network?
• 3 wires (3 phase) AC wires that feed homes, businesses
• AC – 12KV, 22KV, 34KV, 40KV .. 765KV(count the Bells)
• Radiate out from a Transmission/Distribution substation
• May terminate at another substation or be open ended
• Mixture of overhead and underground
• Laterals feed subdivisions and are typically fused
• Transformed down (secondary voltage) 120/240, 480 volt for use in
homes and businesses
The physical power system infrastructure
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Substations
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Transmission Towers (Hard to miss)
Politics of T&D – Transmission is the Princess
Very Important – National Impact
Very Expensive
Sexy
Very Dangerous
Smart, Sophisticated
Gets Lots of Attention
Safety , Reliability, & Security are
Critical
Substation centric
Physical security
Regulated by FERC
Distribution was the ugly step children
Functional -not very pretty
Dumb, OVERSIZED
Lots of parts/pieces
Deployment everywhere
Typical Distribution Voltages and Usage
Voltage Distribution
Old Equipment
Capacitor Bank
Protection systems
What happens when a short circuit (fault) occurs?
i.e. suppose your kid sticks a two-pronged fork
in the outlet of your house!
The fault must be detected quickly.
The fault must be isolated quickly.
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How do things trip?
Fuses detect abnormal conditions in lines and trip by
melting a wire element. Must be replaced.
Relays detect abnormal conditions through sensors
and send signals to tell the circuit breakers to “trip”.
Settings can be changed.
Circuit breakers open up lines. Can be reused. Can
also be remotely “tripped”.
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Trip coordination
The right fuses and or circuit breakers need to
operate at the right place and right time.
Backup only
Want this to open first
East town
Source
Mid town
Fault here
South town
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Intelliteam Switch
Local Intelligence
Peer to Peer and SCADA
DNP protocol
Minimize outage improve
SAIDI & CAIFI
Transmission vs Distribution
Voltage
• Transmission >69 KV
Device Quantities
• Transmission - 10’s of Thousands
• Distribution – 10’s of Millions
Device Costs
• Transmission – Thousands to Millions of $$$
• Distribution – UNDER A BUCK! (<$100 meter)
Bandwidth
• Transmission – High Speed (syncrophasers) fiber ->substations
• Distribution – Low speed – EVERYWHERE
Protocols
• Transmission – DNP3, IEC 61950, IEEE 1344
• Distribution – DNP3
Regulation
• Transmission – Federally Regulated (FERC)
• Distribution – Self Regulated (NERC)
Business Model – Distribution “Smart Grid”
Improved Reliability
• Outage detection/notification (off and on)
• Asset Management - Improved Monitoring/Status
• Smart Switching/Sectionalizers
• Fault Detection
Improved Efficiencies
• Capacitor control (VAR management)
• Asset Management – Improved Monitoring/Status
• Distributed Generation – Monitoring/Billing
• Remote Disconnect, PrePay, Load Limiting
• Theft Detection
Distribution “Smart Grid”
Communications Technologies
• Wires to every meter??
– Remember - Millions of devices & low cost
– Infrastructure Metric - $/home passed
• RF – Radio Frequency
– Licensed
» Expensive – Auction. Public Carriers
– Spread Spectrum
» Good Interference Rejection, lower power 1watt, FCC support
for abuse
– Power Line Carrier
» Requires low voltage transformer bridge
What is a Smart Grid?
Depends on who you ask?
Add Digital Information Network
Smart Meters with Remote Disconnect
Daily reading with ½ hour interval kwhr and voltage
Improve Electrical Distribution Capability and efficiency
• Current limiters, fault detectors, duct bank monitoring
• Reduced outage duration
• Control voltage and power factor
Plug and Play distributed generation
Hybrid Electric Vehicle support – load, gen, bill
Sub-metering – appliance, device metering
HAN – Home area network support
MESH Simulator
Simulator
Silver Spring Smart Grid Platform and Applications
AMI
DA
DR
Smart
Home
EV
Silver Spring Smart Grid Platform
Network
© 2009 Silver Spring Networks | Company Confidential
Software
Services
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Deploying Multiple Applications over a Common Network
• Over 1M meters networked in ~9 months
• Fastest, largest project in North America
• EnergySmart Florida now ramping
• AMI + Large Distribution Automation
• Investigating Gas IMU
• Demonstrated AMI+HAN+DA South Bend
• HAN/DR focused consumer engagement
• Broad DA upgrade, AMI, HAN, consumer
empowerment program
© 2009 Silver Spring Networks | Company Confidential
AMI
DA
DR
Smart Home
EV
AMI
DA
DR
Smart Home
EV
AMI
DA
DR
Smart Home
EV
AMI
DA
DR
Smart Home
EV
AMI
DA
DR
Smart Home
EV
AMI
DA
DR
Smart Home
EV
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Silver Spring Smart Grid: Multiple Applications, Unified Network
UIQ
WAN
Mobility
Backhaul
Central EMS
/ SCADA
Utility
Backhaul
Teamed eBridges
eBridge
Master
AP
Relay
Capacitor Bank
eBridge
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DA and AMI Differences
AMI
DA
Design Implication
Node Failure
Impacts a
house
Impacts
neighborhoods
DA controls the feeder network – controlling/monitoring
DA devices is more crucial
Mesh Type
Dense
Sparse
DA equipment shares Relays or APs – RF design is more
crucial
Latency
Lax
Tight
DA equipment must be polled and reachable in much
tighter increments than AMI
Backhaul
Cellular or
Utility
Utility owned
when possible
Private backhaul is preferred over public
Battery
Backup
Only for
AP
For all hops
DA devices must work through power outages
Hop Count
Not
Important
Low
Need to ensure that latency is low
DA requirements are more stringent
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DA Network Design Options
Shared DA/AMI Infrastructure
Separate DA/AMI Infrastructure
Physical
• eBridges link only with battery backedup devices (i.e., relays, but not smart
meters)
• DA and AMI devices don’t mesh
Logical
• DA and AMI have separate IP networks
• DA traffic has priority over AMI
• DA and AMI have separate IP networks
Benefits
• Converged Infrastructure
• Logically segmented for DA
• Lowest Total Cost of Ownership
• Dedicated DA Infrastructure
• Physically segmented for DA
Unified infrastructure provides the most benefits
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Secure: Designed with End-to-End Protection
Firmware
Back Office
Application Layer
IPsec
• Proven, universal security algorithms and
protocols
• Authentication, authorization, encryption
• Hardware protection and acceleration
• Role-based controls and policies
Link Layer
Cryptographic
Identity
• 20+ year protection
• Reduce “wholesale attacks” to “retail
attacks”
• Eliminate physical threats
• Protect against insider threat
Strongest cryptographic protection in the industry.
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DA Overview
© 2009 Silver Spring Networks | Company Confidential
Silver Spring DA Solution
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High performance
• Real-time power delivery operations
• Peer-to-peer-based applications
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Modular and versatile
• Serial and Ethernet interfaces
•
Small footprint
• Drop-in replacement
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Multi-protocol support
• DNP3.0, Modbus, TCP/IP
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Common technology across AMI and DA
• Utilize AMI infrastructure or keep separate
• Leverages utility expertise with Silver Spring
Unified Smart Grid infrastructure supports DA
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DA Case Study
South Bend, IN
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10,000 AMI meters
18 reclosers
25 cap banks
Shared network
infrastructure
Integrated DMS
with existing GE
OMS and new AMI
infrastructure
SSN
99.9 %+ polling
success
Next step: 70 circuits in Columbus, OH
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Spectrum Analysis – 83 channels
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Google Earth and Silver Spring Statistics
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Preliminary System Architecture
SSN
SCADA Application Server
Bus kV
LTC
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AMI Monitoring – Actual multi-meter, monthly voltage
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Network Characteristics: Building Penetration and Distance
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Thank you for your time
© 2009 Silver Spring Networks | Company Confidential