Transcript RFID_Basics_qed - Electronics For You Expo

The Most Widely Used
Communication and Automation
Technologies in the World
By: Bikramjeet Waraich
CEO, HBeonLabs
17 Feb 2012
Session Description
 RFID- An Automatic Identification and Data
Capturing Technology used worldwide for
automation and control
 ZigBee - A very low cost, low power
consumption two-way, wireless mesh network
communications standard for automation and
control
What is RFID?
• RFID is an ADC(Automatic Data
Identification and Capturing)
technology that uses radiofrequency waves to transfer data
between a reader and a movable
item to identify, categorize, track...
• RFID is fast, reliable, and does not
require physical sight or contact
between reader/scanner and the
tagged item
What Constitutes an RFID System?
• One or more RFID tags
• One or more antennas
• One or more interrogators
• One or more host computers
or Embedded Systems
• Appropriate software
RFID System Components
(block diagram)
Reader
Antenna
Asset/Tag
Asset
Firmware
Tag
Insert
TCP/IP
Host
Customer’s
MIS
Application
Software
~
Power
API
RFID Operation
Sequence of Communication
• Host Manages Reader(s) and Issues Commands
• Reader and tag communicate via RF signal
• Carrier signal generated by the reader (upon request
from the host application)
• Carrier signal sent out through the antennas
• Carrier signal hits tag(s)
• Tag receives and modifies carrier signal
– “sends back” modulated signal
• Antennas receive the modulated signal and send them
to the Reader
• Reader decodes the data
– Results returned to the host application
RFID Operations
What is RFID? -- The Tags
• Tags can be read-only or read-write
• Tag memory can be factory or field programmed,
partitionable, and optionally permanently locked
• Bytes left unlocked can be
rewritten over more than
100,000 times
RFID System Basics
• Read Only (Factory
Programmed)
• Programmable
• WORM - Write Once,
Database Pointer
Read Many times
• Mission Critical
• Reprogrammable
Information
(Field Programmable)
• Portable Database
• Read/Write (In-Use
Programmable)
• Tag ID Only
What is RFID? -- The Tags
Tags can be attached to
almost anything:
– pallets or cases of product
– vehicles
– company assets or personnel
– items such as apparel,
luggage, laundry
– people, livestock, or pets
– high value electronics such
as computers, TVs, camcorders
Are All Tags The Same?
Basic Types:
Active
• Tag transmits radio signal
• Battery powered memory, radio & circuitry
• High Read Range (300 feet)
Passive
• Tag reflects radio signal from reader
• Reader powered
• Shorter Read Range (4 inches - 15 feet)
Are All Tags The Same?
Variations:
– Memory
• Size (16 bits - 512 kBytes +)
• Read-Only, Read/Write or WORM
• Type: EEProm, Antifuse, FeRam
– Arbitration (Anti-collision)
• Ability to read/write one or
many tags at a time
– Frequency
• 125KHz - 5.8 GHz
– Physical Dimensions
• Thumbnail to Brick sizes
– Price (Rs15 to Rs 250)
What is RFID? -- The Readers
• Readers (interrogators) can be at a
fixed point such as
– Entrance/exit
– Point of sale
– Warehouse
• Readers can also be
mobile -- tethered,
hand-held, or wireless
How far, how fast, how much, how many, attached to what?
Frequency
125-150 kHz
13.56 MHz
433 MHz
860-930 MHz
2450 MHz
Regulation
Basically unregulated
ISM band, differing
power levels and duty
cycle
Non-specific Short
Range Devices (SRD),
Location Systems
ISM band (Region 2);
increasing use in
other regions,
differing power levels
and duty cycle
ISM band, differing
power levels and duty
cycle
Range
Data Speed
Comments
Animal identification
and factory data
collection systems
Popular frequency for
I.C. Cards (Smart
Cards)
Å 10 cm
Low
< 1m
Low to
moderate
1 Š 100 m
Moderate
Asset tracking for U.S.
DoD (Pallets)
2Š 5m
Moderate to
high
EAN.UCC GTAG,
MH10.8.4 (RTI),
AIAG B-11 (Tires)
High
IEEE 802.11b,
Bluetooth, CT,
AIAG B-11
1Š 2m
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
Applications
Portal Applications
Bill of Lading
Material Tracking
Portal Applications
Electronic receipt & dispatch
Wrong destination alert
Electronic marking
Pallet/container item tracking
Conveyor / Assembly Line
Read / Write Operations
Higher Accuracy than Bar Code
Conveyor / Assembly Line
Up to 450 fpm
60+ items per container
Inexpensive tunnels
Longer tunnel more items
Electronic receipt
Sorting
Electronic marking
Application Examples
Wireless / Batch
Inventory Management
Where is it? What is it?
What is inside the box?
Material Handling
Aggregate / De-aggregate
What have I assembled or disassembled?
How many do I have? Do I have enough?
Material Handling
By Destination
Where is it going? Where has it been?
Should it be here?
Material Handling
Inspecting / Maintaining
Has this been repaired?
Is this under warrantee?
Has this been inspected?
Is this complete?
What is the asset’s status or state?
Shipping Validation
Logistics Tracking System
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WHAT IS ZIGBEE?
A very low cost, low power
consumption two-way,
wireless communications
standard for automation,
toys, & PC peripherals etc.
The Need for ZigBee
Low Power consumption
6 months to 5 years battery life for most applications
Low Cost
At least half the cost of Bluetooth solutions
High density of nodes per network
250 nodes per network, multiple co-located networks
Data rate requirements
Few bits to 250kbps sufficient
Simple protocol, Global Implementation
2.4GHz
Standard in a fragmented market
Many proprietary solutions, interoperability issues
Pent up demand due to lack of standard
Objective of ZigBee
• Interoperable consumer devices
• Open industry specification
• Peripheral, control and entertainment devices
Lowest cost and lowest power consumption
• Anywhere in and around the home
Wireless Connectivity Industry
Outlook
Range
Meters
GSM
GPRS
10,000
Ricochet
1,000
WLAN technologies
HomeRF
OpenAir
100
802.11b
802.11g
ZigBee
Bluetooth
Bandwidth
kbps
10
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
Network Topology
Network coordinator
Network node
IEEE node
Communications flow
Virtual links
Other Network Forms
Network coordinator
Ad-hoc network
Network node
Gateway
Communications flow
Gateway enabled network
Supported Traffic Types
• Periodic data
– Application defined rate
• Intermittent
– Basic communication
• Repetitive low latency data
– Allocation of guaranteed time slots
Target Applications 1
Desktop PCs and Home Entertainment Systems (Home
Theatre TV)
Computer peripherals;
HID devices
Video conference equipment
Remote Control
Video gaming equipment
Multi-player PC & video games
Playing a PC DVD game in front of a TV monitor
Remote controls for audio and video equipment
PC Enhanced & stand alone toys
In-room coverage
Home+yard coverage
Target Applications 2
• Home appliances/general consumer electronic devices
– Existing home security systems, electrical & heating systems
– Wireless door and opening monitoring, system control
– Wireless Keypads
– Smoke and flame detectors
– Lighting and remote control of appliances in the home;
• Blinds/Shades
• Pool/Spa equipment
• Garage door openers
– Voice Control
Target Applications 3
Human Input Devices (HID)
Keyboard
Mouse / Pointing Device
Remote Controls (controls for audio & video
equipment)
Gaming Device
Home Automation and Control
Automation Devices
Control Devices
Home Security
Interactive Toys
Target Market:
·
·
Monitors
Sensors
·
·
Automation
Control
PC
Peripherals
Low Data Rate
Radio Devices
Personal
Healthcare
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Monitors
Diagnostics
Sensors
Consumer
Electronics
Industrial &
Commercial
Toys &
Games
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PETs
Gameboys
Educational
Home
Automation
·
·
Mouse
Keyboard
·
·
Joystick
Gamepad
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Security
HVAC
Lighting
Closures
???
Thank
You!
Contact Details:
Mr. Bikramjeet Singh
Founder & CEO,
HBeonLabs
Email ID: [email protected]
Contact No. 09212314779