Transcript File

WORLD HISTORY CHAPTER 16
EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION
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PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS
• Analyze the pictures by completing the
primary source analysis sheet
• When finished, read the actual description of
the primary source
• Write a summary explaining the significance
of each document
• Share with the class
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WHAT CAME TO BE CALLED AMERICA
• By 1492 people had lived in the Western Hemisphere for a long
period of time. They experienced virtually no recorded, sustained
contact with other parts of the world -- Europe, Africa, or Asia.
• diverse habitats and climates
• varied and productive agriculture
• Diverse lifestyles and belief systems
• Spoke hundreds of languages
• Aztec and Inca empires: internal warfare common
• Very distinct, separate cultures
• Natives later labeled “Indians” by the Europeans
• Main areas of focus: the Caribbean, Middle America, the Andean
region, and North America. In order to understand what came to be
called America we are often dependent on European observations
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KEY VOCABULARY
• Triangular trade
• Columbian Exchange
• Treaty of Tordesillas
• Middle Passage
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KEY PEOPLE
• Prince Henry
• Bartolomeu Dias
• Vasco da Gama
• Christopher Columbus
• Amerigo Vespucci
• Ferdinand Magellan
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READING FROM THE TEXT
• Read pp. 392-399 with W.S.
• Map
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PORTUGAL’S FIRST EXPLORERS
• Portuguese and Spanish explorers made the first
European voyages into unknown waters.
• One man largely responsible for Portugal’s interest in
exploration was Prince Henry.
• Prince Henry’s first goal was to find gold for Portugal.
• In 1488 Bartolomeu Dias sailed around the Cape of Good
Hope at the southern tip of Africa.
• Vasco da Gama sailed eastward across the Indian Ocean.
• He landed in India in 1498.
• Thanks to Dias and da Gama, an overseas trade route
from Europe to India and the West Indies was now
available.
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CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
• Spain became interested in the search for new trade
routes.
• Christopher Columbus believed that a shorter route to
Asia could be found by sailing westward instead of sailing
around the tip of Africa.
• In August 1492, Columbus set sail with his three ships –
the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria.
• Columbus believed the islands he had found lay off the
east coast of India so he called them the Indies.
• He had actually found the Americas.
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THE IMPACT OF COLUMBUS’
VOYAGES
• In the years following Columbus’ voyages a massive
exchange took place between the so-called New World
and the Old World of Europe.
• This interaction is often called the Columbian
Exchange.
• The exchange affected the way people in both worlds
lived.
• Not everything the Columbian Exchange brought to the
New World was helpful.
• European sailors carried smallpox and other diseases
westward.
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SMALL POX READINGS
• Small Pox: Historical Background
Information
• 1. Read and highlight key terms/facts
• 2. In the margins, summarize each section
• The Plague Ravages the City Reading
• 1. Reaction to the text/picture
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DIVIDING THE NEW LANDS
• During the late 1400s Spain and Portugal often claimed
the same newly discovered lands.
• To settle these conflicts, Pope Alexander VI issued an
edict in 1493.
• The Pope’s edict drew an imaginary line from north to
south through the middle of the Atlantic Ocean.
• Alexander gave Spain the rights to all newly discovered
lands west of the line.
• Portugal could claim discoveries east of the line.
• Neither country, however, could take lands already held
or claimed by another Christian ruler.
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DIVIDING THE NEW LANDS
• The Treaty of Tordesillas between Spain and
Portugal moved the line farther west.
• Over time, Spain took control of most of Central
and South America.
• The Spanish also claimed the Philippines.
• Portugal claimed lands on the eastern and
western coasts of Africa.
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VESPUCCI, BALBOA, AND
MAGELLAN
• Amerigo Vespucci was an Italian navigator who crossed the
Atlantic several times as part of Spanish and Portuguese
expeditions.
• He argued the “New World” was not part of Asia.
• A mapmaker called the land America after Vespucci.
• Balboa made an overland crossing of the Isthmus of Panama.
• This discovery made it clear that the New World was not part of
Asia.
• Magellan proved Balboa was correct.
• He crossed the Atlantic to South America. He found a great
ocean and named it the Pacific Ocean because it was so calm.
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THE SLAVE TRADE
• The Portuguese went to Africa to trade.
• The slave trade grew quickly when the
Portuguese set up sugar plantations on
islands off the coast of Africa.
• To make a profit, large numbers of slaves
were required.
• Plantation owners brought these slaves
from the African mainland.
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TRIANGULAR TRADE
• Slave trade in the Atlantic was part of a system known as the
triangular trade.
• First, merchants shipped cotton goods, weapons, and liquor
to Africa in exchange for slaves or gold.
• The second stage called the Middle Passage was the
shipment of slaves across the Atlantic to the Americas.
• To complete the triangle, merchants sent the plantations’
products to Europe.
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AFRICAN KINGDOMS AND SLAVERY
• Not all African states participated in the slave
trade with Europeans.
• Some Africans who lived in the interior helped the
Europeans capture and move slaves.
• In return, they received European-made arms and
other goods.
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SLAVERY ACCOUNTS
Read/Annotate the two slavery accounts and
complete the chart.
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VIDEO: FOOD, DEMOGRAPHICS, AND CULTURE
• 15 Notes
• http://www.learner.org/courses/worldhistory
/unit_main_16.html
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IMPACT: GOOD OR BAD?
• Native Americans: How did the Exchange affect Natives?
• African Americans: How did the Exchange affect A.A.?
• Europeans: How did the Exchange affect Europeans?
• Rate each effect as either positive or negative and explain
why.
• Which effect had the greatest impact and why?
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FRQ 16.3: COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE:
YOU DECIDE
• Review pp. 392-399 and W.S.
• Argue whether the Columbian Exchange had more of a positive
impact or negative impact on the New World and Old World.
• Include specific examples of what was exchanged and how it
was positive or negative for the natives, slaves, and Europeans,
and what had a greater impact as a whole and why.
• Introduction with Thesis: The Columbian Exchange ultimately
had a positive impact on the New and Old World because it…
• Positive Influences
• Negative Influences
• Greater Impact?
• Conclusion
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CRASH COURSE: COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQPA5oNpfM4&list=PLBDA2E52FB
1EF80C9&index=23
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnV_MTFEGIY&list=PLBDA2E52FB1
EF80C9&index=24
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THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE
WEAKENS
• The great Portuguese empire declined almost as
rapidly as it had grown.
• The Portuguese government did not have the
financial wealth to support so large an empire.
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CH. 16 REVIEW! WHAT TO STUDY!
• Kepler
Phillip II
• Cortes
Scientific Revolution
• Mercantilism
Plantation Agriculture
• Descartes
Commercial Revolution
• Portugal
Columbian Exchange
• Spain
Tariffs
• Dutch
Joint Stock Companies
• Magellan
Christopher Columbus
• Balance of Trade
Technological Improvements
• Middle Passage
All Quizzes and Homework!
• Vasco Da Gama
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