Transcript CEG 436/636: Mobile Computing

CEG 436/636: Mobile Computing
Prabhaker Mateti
What is Mobile Computing?
• There are not going to be any defs.
• Essential characteristcs?
• Reconsider this topic at the end of the term
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Mobile devices
Pager
• receive only
• tiny displays
• simple text
messages
PDA
• graphical displays
• character recognition
• simplified WWW
Laptop/Notebook
• fully functional
• standard applications
Sensors,
embedded
controllers
Mobile phones
• voice, data
• simple graphical displays
Smartphone
• tiny keyboard
• simple versions
of standard applications
performance
No clear separation between device types possible
(e.g. smart phones, embedded PCs, …)
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Mobile Devices Everywhere
• 2011: There are 5.3 billion mobile subscribers
– == 77% of the world population.
– Growth is led by China and India.
• 2009: Half a billion accessed mobile Internet.
• 2008: Cell Phones Key to Teens’ Social Lives,
47% Can Text with Eyes Closed.
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Google Nexus One Cost (Jan 2010)
Introductory price US$529 unlocked; US$179 with 2 year contract
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The Growth of Mobile Devices
• Bunch of numbers … next few slides
• Worth watching:
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0aUQLIPdtg8
• 3min 11 secs
• by Sybase Inc
• Sep 9, 2010
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Mobile statistics snapshots (09/2002 /
12/2004 / 04/2006 / Q4/2007
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Total Global Mobile Users
869M / 1.52G / 2G / 3.3G
Total Analogue Users 71M / 34M / 1M
Total US Mobile users 145M / 140M
Total Global GSM users 680M / 1.25G 1.5G /
2.7G
Total Global CDMA Users 127M / 202M
Total TDMA users 84M / 120M
Total European users 283M / 343M
Total African users 18.5M / 53M / 83M
Total 3G users 130M / 130M
Total South African users 13.2M / 19M / 30M
European Prepaid Penetration 63%
European Mobile Penetration 70.2%
Global Phone Shipments 2001 393M / 1G 2008
Global Phone Sales 2Q02 96.7M
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#1 Mobile Country China (139M / 300M)
#1 GSM Country China (99M / 282M / 483M)
#1 SMS Country Philipines
#1 Handset Vendor 2Q02 Nokia (37.2%)
#1 Network In Africa Vodacom (6.6M / 11M)
#1 Network In Asia Unicom (153M)
#1 Network In Japan DoCoMo
#1 Network In Europe T-Mobile (22M / 28M)
#1 In Infrastructure Ericsson
SMS Sent Globally 1Q 60T / 135G / 235G / 650
G
SMS sent in UK 6/02 1.3T / 2.1G
SMS sent Germany 1Q02 5.7T
GSM Countries on Air 171 / 210 / 220
GSM Association members 574 / 839
Total Cost of 3G Licenses in Europe 110T€
SMS/month/user 36
sources: www.cellular.co.za/stats/stats-main.htm
www.gsmworld.com
The figures vary a lot depending on the statistic, creator of the statistic etc.!
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Worldwide Smartphone Landscape TBD
Source: AdMob traffic
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Worldwide Smartphone Traffic Trends
Source: AdMob traffic, Sept. ‘08
WW Smartphone OS Share
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
May-08
Sym bian
Jun-08
Jul-08
Window s Mobile
Aug-08
RIM
Palm
Sep-08
iPhone
WW Smartphone Share of Total Mobile Traffic
30%
25%
20%
15%
May-08
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Jun-08
Jul-08
Aug-08
Sep-08
9
US Smartphone Landscape
Source: AdMob traffic
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US Smartphone Traffic Trends
Source: AdMob traffic, Sept. ‘08
US Smartphone OS Share
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
May-08
RIM
Jun-08
Window s Mobile
Jul-08
Palm
Aug-08
iPhone
Sep-08
Sym bian
US Smartphone Share of Total Mobile Traffic
30%
25%
20%
15%
May-08
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Jun-08
Jul-08
Aug-08
Sep-08
11
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Nielsen Mobile Insights, Mar 2011
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World Telecommunication in 2010
Key Global Telecom Indicators for the World Telecommunication Service Sector in 2010
(all figures are estimates)
Global
Dvloped Dvlping
Africa
nations nations
Arab
States
Asia &
Pacific
CIS
Europe
Americas
Mobile cellular
subscriptions
(millions)
5,282
1,436
3,846
333
282
2,649
364
741
880
Per 100 people
76.2%
116.1%
67.6%
41.4%
79.4%
67.8%
131.5% 120.0%
94.1%
Fixed telephone lines
(millions)
1,197
506
691
13
33
549
74
249
262
Per 100 people
17.3%
40.9%
12.1%
1.6%
9.4%
14.0%
26.6%
40.3%
28.1%
Mobile broadband
subscriptions
(millions)
940
631
309
29
34
278
72
286
226
Per 100 people
13.6%
51.1%
5.4%
3.6%
9.7%
7.1%
25.9%
46.3%
24.2%
Fixed broadband
subscriptions
(millions)
555
304
251
1
8
223
24
148
145
per 100 people
8.0%
24.6%
4.4%
0.2%
2.3%
5.7%
8.7%
23.9%
15.5%
Source: International Telecommunication Union (October 2010)
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via: mobiThinking
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Smartphone OS market share
Worldwide smartphone operating system (OS) market
share, according to Gartner
Smartphone OS market share
and compound annual growth
rate (CAGR), according to IDC
OS
2009
market
share
2010
market
share
2011
market
share
2015
market
Share
2011
market
share
2015
market
Share
20112015
CAGR
Android
BlackBerry
iOS
3.9%
19.9%
14.4%
22.7%
16.0%
15.7%
38.5%
13.4%
19.4%
48.8%
11.1%
17.2%
39.5%
14.9%
15.7%
45.4%
13.7%
15.3%
23.8%
17.1%
18.8%
Symbian
46.9%
37.6%
19.2%
0.1%
20.9%
0.2%
-65.0%
Windows
8.7%
4.2%
5.6%
19.5%
5.5%
20.9%
Phone/Mobile
Others
6.1%
3.8%
3.9%
3.3%
3.5%
4.6%
Total
smartphones
172 million 297 million 468 million 631 million
450 million N/A
sold
Source: Gartner (April 2011)
Source: IDC (March
2011)
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67.1%
28.0%
19.6%
via:mobiT
hinking
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Applications I
• We can imagine just about every application
to have a version implemented on the mobile
platform
– computing (both CPU and RAM) capacity
– storage expectations
– graphics/ display expectations
– ui expectations
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Applications II
• Vehicles
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–
–
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transmission of news, road condition, weather, music via DAB/DVB-T
personal communication using GSM/UMTS/LTE
position via GPS
local ad-hoc network with vehicles close-by to prevent accidents,
guidance system, redundancy
– vehicle data (e.g., from busses, high-speed trains) can be transmitted
in advance for maintenance
• Emergencies
– early transmission of patient data to the hospital, current status, first
diagnosis
– replacement of a fixed infrastructure in case of earthquakes,
hurricanes, fire etc.
– crisis, war, ...
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Typical application: road traffic
UMTS, WLAN,
DAB, DVB, GSM,
cdma2000, TETRA, ...
Personal Travel Assistant,
PDA, Laptop,
GSM, UMTS, WLAN,
Bluetooth, ...
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Mobile and wireless services – Always
UMTS, GSM LAN
Best
Connected
DSL/ WLAN GSM/GPRS 53 kbit/s
3 Mbit/s
Bluetooth 500 kbit/s
115 kbit/s
100 Mbit/s,
WLAN
54 Mbit/s
UMTS
2 Mbit/s
GSM/EDGE 384 kbit/s,
DSL/WLAN 3 Mbit/s
GSM 115 kbit/s,
WLAN 11 Mbit/s
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UMTS, GSM
384 kbit/s
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Applications III
• Traveling salesmen
– direct access to customer files stored in a central location
– consistent databases for all agents
– mobile office
• Replacement of fixed networks
– remote sensors, e.g., weather, earth activities
– flexibility for trade shows
– LANs in historic buildings
• Entertainment, education, ...
– outdoor Internet access
– intelligent travel guide with up-to-date
location dependent information
– ad-hoc networks for
multi user games
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Location dependent services
• Location aware services
– what services, e.g., printer, fax, phone, server etc. exist in the local
environment
• Follow-on services
– automatic call-forwarding, transmission of the actual workspace to the
current location
• Information services
– “push”: e.g., current special offers in the supermarket
– “pull”: e.g., where is the Black Forrest Cheese Cake?
• Support services
– caches, intermediate results, state information etc. “follow” the
mobile device through the fixed network
• Privacy
– who should gain knowledge about the location
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Effects of device portability
• Power consumption
– limited computing power, low quality displays, small disks due to
limited battery capacity
– CPU: power consumption ~ CV2f
• C: internal capacity, reduced by integration
• V: supply voltage, can be reduced to a certain limit
• f: clock frequency, can be reduced temporally
• Loss of data
– higher probability, has to be included in advance into the design (e.g.,
defects, theft)
• Limited user interfaces
– compromise between size of fingers and portability
– integration of character/voice recognition, abstract symbols
• Limited memory (always in relation to e.g. PCs)
– limited usage of mass memories with moving parts
– flash-memory or ? as alternative
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Wireless networks in comparison to
fixed networks
• Higher loss-rates due to interference
– emissions of, e.g., engines, lightning
• Restrictive regulations of frequencies
– frequencies have to be coordinated, useful frequencies are almost all
occupied
• Lower transmission rates
– local some Mbit/s, regional currently, e.g., 53kbit/s with GSM/GPRS or
about 150 kbit/s using EDGE – soon Mbit/s with LTE
• Higher delays, higher jitter
– connection setup time with GSM in the second range, several hundred
milliseconds for other wireless systems – soon in ms range with LTE
• Lower security, simpler active attacking
– radio interface accessible for everyone, base station can be simulated,
thus attracting calls from mobile phones
• Always shared medium
– secure access mechanisms important
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Areas of research in mobile
communication
• Wireless Communication
–
–
–
–
transmission quality (bandwidth, error rate, delay)
modulation, coding, interference
media access, regulations
...
–
–
–
–
location dependent services
location transparency
quality of service support (delay, jitter, security)
...
–
–
–
–
power consumption
limited computing power, sizes of display, ...
usability
...
• Mobility
• Portability
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Simple reference model used here
Application
Application
Transport
Transport
Network
Network
Data Link
Data Link
Data Link
Data Link
Physical
Physical
Physical
Physical
Radio
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Network
Network
Medium
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Influence of mobile communication to
the layer model
Application layer
Transport layer
Network layer
Data link layer
Physical layer
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service location
new/adaptive applications
multimedia
congestion/flow control
quality of service
addressing, routing
device location
hand-over
authentication
media access/control
multiplexing
encryption
modulation
interference
attenuation
frequency
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Overlay Networks - the global goal
integration of heterogeneous fixed and
mobile networks with varying
transmission characteristics
regional
vertical
handover
metropolitan area
campus-based
horizontal
handover
in-house
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CEG 436 Course Content
Prerequisites/Expectations
• CEG 402 is officially listed as a prerequisite.
• Ideally, also CEG 433 Operating Systems.
– Processes and Threads
– File Systems
• Fluency in
– Java is expected.
– Objective C is not expected.
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•
•
•
•
Linux experience: at least CEG 233
Android related Java issues will be discussed.
Eclipse IDE for Android will be introduced.
Would be great: own a spare Android phone
Objective C will be introduced.
Lab facilities available, but better to have your own personal computer.
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CEG 436 Grading Weights
% wt
Midterm
on-line but no surfing
30
Final
on-line but no surfing
40
Lab L1: Case Study
In Android
05
Lab L2: Case Study
In iOS
05
Lab L3: Extend an App
Your choice: Android/iOS
10
Lab L4: Extend an App
Your choice: Android/iOS
10
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CEG 436 Course Content
1 Course overview, prerequisites;
Android Development-1: Java, Eclipse, ADT, HelloWorld; iOS Development
2 Mobile Sys Characteristics; Wireless/Cellular
Technologies: 802.11, Bluetooth, CDMA, GSM,
GPRS, UMTS, 2G, 3G, 4G
3 Android Development-2: OS refresher, Services,
Widgets, Live WP, sensors, case studies
4 Android Internals, iOS Internals
5 Mobile IP: addressing, agents, ad hoc routing
6 Mobile TCP
6 Midterm
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CEG 436 Course Content
7 Mobile Computing issues: Life cycle of
processes, almost no swap space, battery
conservation; Middleware; Location,
8 Android Devlopment-3: After market firmware
development
9 Security and Privacy: SMS attacks, Android
Injector
a Mobile-, Distributed-, Cloud-, Ubiquitous-,
Pervasive-, ..., Computing
b Final
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CEG 636 Course Content
• All of CEG 436
• One additional project or term paper
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Course Websites
• www.cs.wright.edu/~pmateti/Courses/436/Top/ WSU CEG 436/636:
Mobile Computing; Weekly Schedule, Syllabus, Discussion, Old
Exams, ReadingList, Links, Lab Facilities
• developer.android.com/ Android Developer
• developer.apple.com/devcenter/ios/ iOS Dev Center
• www.sigmobile.org/ International ACM community of researchers
and practitioners who: Perform research in the theory and practice
of all areas related to the mobility of systems, users, data, and
computing; Expand the evolution of portable computers and
wireless networks; Support the convergence of mobility,
computing, and information organization; and Improve access,
services, management, and applications for mobile computing and
communications.
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Books to Read
• “Everyware: The Dawning
Age of Ubiquitous
Computing”
• Adam Greenfield
• Paperback: 272 pages
• Publisher: New Riders
Publishing; March 2006
• ISBN-10: 0321384016
• http://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=_PKNbueOF5U
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Books to Read
• “Where the Action Is: The
Foundations of Embodied
Interaction”
• Paul Dourish
• Paperback: 245 pages
• Publisher: The MIT Press;
New edition edition
(August 20, 2004)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0262541785
• ISBN-13: 978-0262541787
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Books to Read
• Digital Ground:
Architecture, Pervasive
Computing, and
Environmental Knowing
• Malcolm McCullough
• Paperback: 290 pages
• Publisher: The MIT Press;
(September 23, 2005)
• ISBN-10: 9780262633277
• Review
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Recommended Text Book
• “Wireless Internet and
Mobile Computing:
Interoperability and
Performance”
• Yu-Kwong Ricky Kwok,
Vincent K.N. Lau
• August 2007
• Publisher: Wiley, John &
Sons, Incorporated
• ISBN: 0471679682
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Recommended Text Book
• “Computer Networks”
• Andrew S. Tanenbaum,
David J. Wetherall
• 960 pp, 2011, 5/E
• Prentice Hall ISBN-10:
0132126958
• Slides etc:
http://authors.phptr.co
m/tanenbaumcn4/
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Text Book
•
•
•
•
“Mobile Communications”
Jochen Schiller
Paperback: 492 pages
Addison Wesley; 2 edition
(September 2003)
• ISBN-10: 9780321123817
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CEG 436 Order of Lectures
• Because CEG 436 is a 10-week term course
skipped for now …
• refreshers on
– Operating Systems
– TCP/IP Networking
– Cellular Telephony
• “Definitions”
– Mobile Devices/Smart Phone
– What is Android?
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