www.yorktech.com
Download
Report
Transcript www.yorktech.com
1
Chapter 6
SERVER CLUSTERING
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
OVERVIEW
List the types of server clusters.
Determine which type of cluster to use for your
applications.
Describe how Network Load Balancing and server
clusters work.
Deploy an NLB cluster.
Deploy a server cluster.
2
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
WINDOWS SERVER 2003 CLUSTER TYPES
Server clusters
Network Load Balancing clusters
3
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
SERVER CLUSTERS
4
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
NETWORK LOAD BALANCING
5
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
DESIGNING A CLUSTERING SOLUTION
What are you protecting against?
Software failure
Hardware failure
Site failure
6
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
7
ESTIMATING AVAILABILITY REQUIREMENTS
Decide what applications are required, and how
much downtime can be tolerated.
Consider what threats may be present—they will not
be the same in every situation or environment.
Investment in fault tolerance and availability is
governed by the laws of diminishing returns.
Spending twice as much will not provide double the
protection.
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
8
SCALING CLUSTERS
Scale up
Improve performance of systems by installing a
more powerful processor and adding RAM and
higher performance disk subsystems.
Scale out
Add servers to cluster to increase overall processing
power.
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
HOW MANY CLUSTERS?
9
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
COMBINING CLUSTERING TECHNOLOGIES
10
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
11
DISPERSING CLUSTERS
Geographic separation provides higher availability in
situations such as:
Natural disaster (flood, earthquake, tornado)
Power failure, rolling blackouts
Theft, vandalism, terrorism
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
12
USING NETWORK LOAD BALANCING
Easier to install, configure, and maintain than server
clustering.
Does not require additional storage hardware.
No additional software is required.
Managed via the Network Load Balancing Manager
application.
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
UNDERSTANDING NETWORK LOAD
BALANCING
Each NLB cluster can consist of up to 32 servers.
A virtual network adapter acts as an intermediary
between the physical network interface and the
protocol stack.
An algorithm associated with the virtual network
adapter determines which requests should be
answered and which should be ignored.
13
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
PLANNING A NETWORK LOAD BALANCING
DEPLOYMENT
14
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
NLB OPERATIONAL MODES
Unicast mode
Servers in the cluster can only communicate with
each other if more than one network interface is
installed in the server.
Multicast mode
Servers with one network card can communicate
with each other, but any routers on the network
must support multicast MAC addresses.
15
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
16
NLB NETWORKING
Servers in an NLB cluster determine independently
whether or not to process an incoming request.
Servers in an NLB cluster transmit heartbeat
messages to let the other servers in the cluster
know they are running and operational.
Heartbeats are the only cluster-related
communication between servers in an NLB cluster.
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
DEPLOYING A NETWORK LOAD BALANCING
CLUSTER
17
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
18
MONITORING NETWORK LOAD BALANCING
Monitoring of NLB clusters can be performed using:
Network Load Balancing Manager
Event Viewer
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
USING NETWORK LOAD BALANCING
MANAGER
19
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
USING EVENT VIEWER
20
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
21
USING NLB.EXE
Command line utility used to configure and manage
NLB clusters
Enables commands to be placed into scripts and
batch files
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
DESIGNING A SERVER CLUSTER
Designing a server cluster deployment
Planning a server cluster hardware configuration
Creating an application deployment plan
Selecting a quorum model
Creating a server cluster
Configuring failover policies
22
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
23
DESIGNING A SERVER CLUSTER DEPLOYMENT
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
24
PLANNING A SERVER CLUSTER HARDWARE
CONFIGURATION
All servers in the cluster must be running the same
edition of Windows Server 2003.
All servers in the cluster must have the same
processor architecture: 32-bit or 64-bit.
At least one network interface per system is
required. Two are preferred.
Shared storage connection is required.
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
USING SCSI
25
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
USING FIBRE CHANNEL
26
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
27
CREATING AN APPLICATION DEPLOYMENT
PLAN
Single-instance applications
Applications that can run on no more than one
server at a time, using a given configuration
Multiple-instance applications
Applications in which duplicated code can run on
multiple nodes in a cluster or in which the code can
be partitioned
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
DEPLOYING SINGLE-INSTANCE APPLICATIONS
28
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
29
CAPACITY PLANNING
Idle servers in a standby configuration must be
capable of running the application(s) on the active
server.
Depending on the failover configuration, the idle
server may be required to run more than one
application in the event of a multiple server failure.
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
DEPLOYING MULTIPLE-INSTANCE
APPLICATIONS
30
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
SELECTING A QUORUM MODEL
Single-node cluster
Single-quorum device cluster
Majority node set cluster
31
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
CREATING A SERVER CLUSTER
32
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
CONFIGURING FAILOVER POLICIES
Failover pairs
Hot-standby server
N+I
Failover ring
Random
33
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
34
CHAPTER SUMMARY
A cluster is a group of servers that appears to users
as a single resource and that provides high
availability, reliability, and scalability for specific
applications.
A Network Load Balancing cluster is a group of
servers running a stateless application, such as a
Web server, each of which has an identical,
independent data store.
A server cluster is a group of servers running a
stateful application, such as a database server, and
sharing a common data store.
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
35
CHAPTER SUMMARY (continued)
Network Load Balancing works by creating a virtual
network adapter with IP and MAC addresses that
represent the cluster as a single unit.
When NLB is running in unicast mode, ordinary
communication between cluster servers is
impossible. In multicast mode, the cluster servers
can communicate normally.
Although NLB and server clusters can both function
with a single network interface adapter installed in
each server, using multiple adapters in each server
can prevent network performance degradation.
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
36
CHAPTER SUMMARY (continued)
A server cluster requires a storage resource shared
by the nodes in the cluster. Windows Server 2003
supports shared SCSI and Fibre Channel for this
purpose.
In a server cluster, the quorum is a storage resource
that contains cluster configuration data, which
nodes use to create their configuration databases
as they join the cluster.
You can configure a cluster to use various failover
policies by specifying which nodes are permitted to
run various cluster resources.
Chapter 6: SERVER CLUSTERING
37
CHAPTER SUMMARY (continued)
To create and manage server clusters, use the
Cluster Administrator application. To manage
Network Load Balancing clusters, use Network Load
Balancing Manager.