Transcript Dates of Exploration - Astle`s Heroes of History

Exploration
and Middle Ages
By: Ms. Astle
Europe During the
Middle Ages
New Idea’s, New Nations
• Europe was divided into
small kingdoms and city
states dominated by the
Catholic Church.
• Each Kingdom was made
up of large landowners
called Lords.
• Peasants worked the land
in return for food,
housing, and protection.
• This is called the Feudal
System.
• Lords lived in manors and
serfs belonged to the manor
even if there was a new Lord.
• Peasants wanted freedom and
left to live in towns.
• Became a new class---middle
class. They were mostly
merchants.
• Black Death---plague carried
by fleas and rats killed ¼ of
Europe’s population.
Picture from: Wikipedia: Knole House
New Ideas, New Nations
• In the early 600’s a new
religion, Islam began
spreading rapidly in the Middle
East and Africa.
• This rise of Islam would soon
end Western Europe’s
isolation.
• In 1095 the Europeans
launched the first of nine
expeditions known as the
Crusades.
• Their purpose was to take
back control of Christian holy
sites in the Middle East from
Muslims—followers of Islam.
• Wars are fought over Palestine
and Jerusalem from 10961270.
• The Crusades had an
unplanned result.
• In the Middle East, Europeans
met Arab merchants who sold
them spices, silk, sugar, and
other goods from China and
India.
• Europeans interest in Asia
grew.
Picture from: Wikipedia: Middle Ages
The Growth of Trade
• Merchants in Europe knew
they could make a lot of
money selling goods from
Asia.
• Wealthy Europeans were
eager to buy Asian spices,
perfumes, silks, and precious
stones.
• Merchants bought these goods
from Arab traders in the
Middle East.
• The Merchants sent the goods
overland by caravans to the
Mediterranean Sea.
• Then the goods traveled by
ship to Italian ports in Venice,
Genoa, and Pisa. These cities
prospered.
• Arab traders charged high
prices, so Europeans wanted
to find their own route to the
east that would not require
them to buy from Arab
merchants.
Picture from:Powers, Jim. "Caravan
Rise of Nations
• By the 1400’s a new, larger type of state developed in Western
Europe. The smaller states were combined into a more powerful
united state.
• Strong monarchs rose to power in Spain, Portugal, England, and
France.
• They established national laws, courts, taxes, and armies to
replace local rulers.
• The monarchs sought ways to increase trade and make their
countries even stronger and wealthier.
• Portugal and Spain began looking for sea routes to Asia.
• This put them in competition with Italy, who had dominated
trading.
New Technology
• New technologies were developed to help make
European voyages of exploration possible.
• The printing press was created, making it easier to print
books and giving more people access to new
information.
• Cartographers (map makers) improved their accuracy
using information from Arab and Chinese scholars and
astronomers, the created more accurate land and sea
maps.
New Technology
• Instruments for navigating the seas also improved. The astrolabe
(helps find latitude), and a magnetic compass from China allowed
sailors to accurately determine their direction.
• New ship designs allowed sailors to make long ocean voyages.
• Caravels could sail faster and carry more cargo and supplies than
earlier ships.
Kingdoms and Empires in Africa
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Between 400-1600 A.D. powerful
kingdoms flourished in Africa.
Much of their power and wealth
came from mining and trade.
Arab traders traveled to Africa’s
east coat exchanging cotton, silk,
and porcelain for African ivory and
metals.
West Africa mined and traded
gold, copper, and iron ore.
Ghana a vast trading empire
emerged in West Africa.
Caravans carrying gold, ivory and
enslaved people crossed the
desert in North Africa and
returned with salt, cloth, and
brass.
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Mali—a new kingdom grew very
powerful.
Mali developed trade routes
across the desert to North Africa.
In 1324 Mali’s great king Mansa
Musa, a Muslim went to Makkah
and returned with a Arab
architect. He built great mosques
in Timbuktu, Mali’s capital.
Timbuktu became a center of
Islamic art and learning.
The Songhai people later
overthrew Mali rule.
Picture from: History of West Africa
Exploration
Picture from: Wikipedia: Medieval Ships
Reasons for Exploration
• Claim land for country
• Riches
• Discover new goods---spices, silk,
ivory, etc.
Leif Eriksson
• Dates of Exploration:
• 1000 A.D.
• Country Sailed for:
• Greenland
• Accomplishments:
• Discovered North America.
• Landed at Newfoundland and created a winter
settlement called “Vineland.”—means land of wine.
Vineland lasted 5yrs.
Marco Polo
• Dates of Exploration:
• 1269
• Country Sailed for:
• Italy
• Accomplishments:
• Explored Asia.
• Served the Great Khan for 17 years.
• Learned the secrets of the far east and their culture.
Picture from: Wikipedia: Marco Polo
Bartholomeu Dias
• Dates of Exploration:
• 1487-1488
• Country Sailed for:
• Portugal
• Accomplishments:
• Sailed around the southern tip of Africa.
• Named it the “Cape of Good Hope.”
Picture from: Wikipedia: Bartholomeu Dias
Christopher Columbus
• Dates of Exploration:
• 1492-1504
• Country Sailed for:
• Spain
• Accomplishments:
• Explored the islands of the Caribbean Sea.
Picture from: Wikipedia: Christopher Columbus
Vasco de Gama
• Dates of Exploration:
• 1497-1499
• Country Sailed for:
• Portugal
• Accomplishments:
• Sailed around Africa to India.
• Became the Governor of India.
Picture from: Wikipedia: Vasco de Gama
John Cabot
• Dates of Exploration:
• 1497-1501
• Country Sailed for:
• England
• Accomplishments:
• Re-discovered Newfoundland (east coast of North
America.)
• Established the 1st English claim to North America.
Picture from: Wikipedia: John Cabot
Juan Ponce de Leon
• Dates of Exploration:
• 1508-1509, 1513
• Country Sailed for:
• Spain
• Accomplishments:
• Explored Puerto Rico and Florida.
• Became the first Governor of Puerto Rico.
Pictures from: Wikipedia: Juan Ponce de Leon
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
• Dates of Exploration:
• 1513
• Country Sailed for:
• Spain
• Accomplishments:
• 1st European to discover a way across the Americas.
• Land route over Panama.
Picture from: Wikipedia: Vasco Nunez de Balboa
Ferdinand Magellan
• Dates of Exploration:
• 1519-1522
• Country Sailed for:
• Spain
• Accomplishments:
• Found the “Strait of Magellan.”
• First to attempt to sail around the world.
• He never returned from his voyage—he died in the Philippians.
Picture from: Wikipedia: Ferdinand Magellan
Hernando Cortez
• Dates of Exploration:
• 1519-1520
• Country Sailed for:
• Spain
• Accomplishments:
• Explored Mexico.
• Conquered the Aztec people.
• Made Governor of Mexico.
Picture from: Wikipedia: Hernan Cortez
Francisco Pizzaro
• Dates of Exploration:
• 1528, 1530-1533
• Country Sailed for:
• Spain
• Accomplishments:
• Explored South America and Central America.
• Conquered the Inca Empire.
• Founded Lima, Peru.
Picture from: Wikipedia: Francisco Pizzaro
Jacques Cartier
• Dates of Exploration:
• 1534, 1535-1536
• Country Sailed for:
• France
• Accomplishments:
• Explored the St. Lawrence River.
Picture from: Wikipedia: Jacques Cartier
Francis Drake
• Dates of Exploration:
• 1577-1580
• Country Sailed for:
• England
• Accomplishments:
• 1st man to command a complete circumnavigation of
the globe.
• Returned with enormous treasure.
Picture from: Wikipedia: Francis Drake
Henry Hudson
• Dates of Exploration:
• 1607-1611
• Country Sailed for:
• England & Netherlands
• Accomplishments:
• Explored Hudson Strait and Hudson Bay.
• Explored the Hudson River.
Picture from: Wikipedia: Henry Hudson
Amerigo Vespucci
• Dates of Exploration: 1499-1500
• Country Sailed For:
• Spain
• Accomplishments:
• Italian Explorer
• 1st person to say that Columbus never reached the
Indies.
• America is named after him.
Picture from: Wikipedia: Amerigo Vespucci
Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca
• Dates of Exploration: 1528-1536
• Country Sailed For:
• Spain
• Accomplishments:
• Part of Spanish exploration to Florida
• Sailed south toward Mexico.
• Landed in Texas and trekked across the Southwest
• Arrived in Mexico in 1536 and told about the “Seven Cities of
Cibola”—seven cities of gold
Picture from: Zoom Explorers
Hernando de Soto
Dates of Exploration: 1539-1542
Country Sailed For:
Spain
Accomplishments:
Explored Florida and the southeastern U.S. looking for
the cities of gold.
• Crossed the Mississippi River in 1541.
• De Soto died in Oklahoma of fever. His men buried him
in the waters of the Mississippi.
Picture from: "Soto, Hernando de
(1500?-1542).
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Picture from: Zoom Explorers
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
• Dates of Exploration: 1540-1542
• Country Sailed for:
• Spain
• Accomplishments:
• Searched for Seven Cities of Cibola.
• Traveled northern Mexico and Arizona, & New Mexico.
• Convinced there was no gold they graveled west to the
Colorado River and east into what is now Kansas.
Picture from: Zoom Explorers
Robert Cavelier de La Salle
• Dates of Exploration: 1682
• Country Sailed for:
• France
• Accomplishments:
• Followed the Mississippi all the way to the Gulf of
Mexico.
• Claimed region for France, calling it Louisiana in
honor of King Louis XIV.
Picture from: Zoom Explorers
Louis Joliet & Jacques Marquette
• Dates of Exploration:
1670s
• Country Sailed for:
• France
• Accomplishments:
• Traveled the
Mississippi River by
canoe.
• They were looking for
the Northwest
Passage.
• Realized the Mississippi
flows south into Gulf of
Mexico and not west into
the Pacific.
Picture from: "Jacques Marquette."
Resources
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Blank Maps for Quizzes (1995-2008) Pearson Education, Inc. at URL:
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/obj
ects/1483/1518969/DIVI036.jpg&imgrefurl=http://wps.ablongman.com/long_divine_
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w=119&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnew%2Bengland%2Bcolonies%26um%3D1&start=3
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Wikipedia: Vasco da Gama (2008) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. at URL:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_gama
Wikpedia: Ferdinand Magellan (2008) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. at URL:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_magellan
Wikipedia: Christopher Columbus (2008) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. at
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Wikipedia: Bartholomeu Dias (2008) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. at URL:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartholomeu_Dias
Wikipedia: Vasco Nunez de Balboa (2008) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. at URL:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_Nunez_De_Balboa
Wikipedia: Francis Drake (2008) Wikimeida Foundation, Inc. at URL:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Drake
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Resources
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Wikipedia: Jacques Cartier (2008) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. at URL:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier
Wikipedia: Francisco Pizzaro (2008) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. at URL:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Pizzaro
Wikipedia: Hernan Cortez (2008) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. at URL:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hernan_Cortez
Wikipedia: John Cabot (2008) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. at URL:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cabot
Wikipedia: Marco Polo (2008) Wikimedia Foundatin, Inc. at URL:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Polo
Wikipedia: Juan Ponce de Leon (2008) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. at URL:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_ponce_de_leon
Wikipedia: Amerigo Vespucci (2008) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. at URL:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerigo_vespucci
NYPL Digital Gallery: Exploration (2004-2008) New York Public Library at
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&sScope=&sLevel=&sLabel=&imgs=12&pNum=
Wilipedia: Middle Ages (2008) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. at URL:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medival#Crusades
Wikipedia: Medieval Ships (2008) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. at URL:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_ships
Wikpedia: Knole House (2008) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. at URL:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knole_House
Zoom Explorers. Enchanted Learning. EnchantedLearning.com. 2000. Web. Sept. 23. 1014.
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"Coronado, Francisco Vásquez de (1510?-1554)." American Eras. 1997.
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