Transcript 新世代網路領袖研討會 --全球網路組織及領袖研習營介

新世代網路領袖研討會
--全球網路組織及領袖研習營介紹--
網路聯合國
-- ICANN及相關組織介紹
江進榮 [email protected]
2003.01.13
題 綱
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Introduction
網路組織
ICANN
亞太地區網路相關組織
Introduction
How does Internet work?
1. IP: Internet Protocol (IP) Addressing
• Protocols are to enable computer-to-computer
communication.
• To support this, computers are to identify which protocols
are being used. For example, IPv4 is in use today; IPv6 is
coming.
• For example: 140.109.10.11 is to represent a 32 bit number
that is how IPv4 represents locations in the Internet, like
telephone numbers in the telephone network.
How does Internet work?
2. DN: Domain Name
• Domain Name Service to map Name to IP address.
ex: cc.ntu.edu.tw 140.112.1.2
• The system is hierarchical and each name is unique.
• Top level (e.g. .com, .tw) managed by a person/Org. assigned
by the IANA.
• gTLD: Generic Top Level Domain (TLD) Name,
ex: .edu, .com, .org, .net
• ccTLD: country codes TLD,
ex: .us, .tw, .cn
網路組織
網路組織
1. 網路統籌管理機制簡史
1970s – 1990s:
Rules have been set through “RFC” by a small group of
engineers.
1998 – up to now:
Rules have been set through “ICANN” and others (ex,
TWNIC) through “Policies” in the name of “consensus”.
Future:
By Governments or Private Organisations?
By means of national treaties or policies?
網路組織
2. 國際組織
General Organisation
ex: ICANN, ICANN GAC, ISOC, APNG
Domain Name and Policy Organisation
ex: ICANN ccNSO, ccTLD, APTLD
IP Address and Policy Organisation
ex: ICANN ASO, APNIC
Protocol and Engineering Organisation
ex: IETF, IDN, ITU
ICANN
ICANN
1. 全名：
The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
2. 中文：
網際網路名稱與號碼指配機構
3. 前身:
•
鑑於以美國IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)
為中心的網路統籌管理機制 (Internet Governance) 之運作備
受質疑：「壟斷性」、「未能符合權責相符的要求」，美國
政府於1998年10月促成IANA的轉型，另設新的網路統籌管理
機制ICANN，並在美國商業部的主導下於同年隔月7日正式
運作。
ICANN
4. 現況:
• a technical coordination body for the Internet
• a non-profit, private-sector corporation
5. 目標：
• preserving the operational stability of the Internet
• promoting competition
• achieving broad representation of global Internet
communities
• developing policy through private-sector, bottom-up,
consensus-based means
ICANN
6. 職責：
• IP address space allocation;
• protocol parameter assignment;
• domain name system management;
• and root server system management
ICANN
7. 組織架構：
ICANN
8. 改革:
• 鑑於二○○三年二月Stuart Lynn提出”ICANN: A Case for
Reform”，指出ICANN目前所面臨的三項重要困境：重要機制
參與不足、決策過程冗長、以及經費不足等問題，一系列
ICANN改革行動於是展開，包括:
• 設立Committee on ICANN Evolution and Reform (ERC)，統
籌ICANN改革。
• 革新藍圖(ICANN: A Blue print for Reform)，以為ICANN改
革的參考基礎。
ICANN
• 設立相關協助機制，處理特定議題的意見成形，包括Names
Policy Development Process Assistance Group、
Accountability Framework Assistance Group、At-Large
Advisory Committee Assistance Group、ccNSO Assistance
Group等。
• 以改革藍圖為本，加上各方意見形成ICANN新章程，並於去年
十月上海會議期間正式通過。
• 為使ICANN轉移安穩順利，新章程中增加「轉移條款」，新條
款於去年底荷蘭阿姆斯特丹年會中正式通過。
ICANN
9. 改革現況
• ICANN改革已完成主要之企劃，現已進入移轉過程。ICANN
將投入較多的時間進行gTLD、IDN等及其他的較務實的任務。
• 更多關於ICANN的資料及最新訊息，請參閱ICANN網站
www.icann.org
亞太地區網路相關組織
亞太地區網路相關組織
Industry, e-Business and e-Commerce
APIA
Legal and Policy, Governance and Management
APPLe
Research and Academic, Founder status
APNG, APAN, AI3
Advanced Networking
APAN, AI3
Internet Domain Names
APTLD, MINC
Internet IPv4/IPv6/AS Numbers
APNIC
Developing Countries
APDIP, PAN/ IDRC
Conference, Education and Training
APRICOT
Operations
APOPS
Security
APSIRC
Administration and Coordination
AP Joint Secretariat
AP* Retreat Secretariat
Language-specific
INFITT
Discipline-specific
Asia Pacific Bioinformatics Network
Asia Pacific Association for Medical
Informatics
亞太地區網路相關組織
1. APIA: AP Internet Association
• established in 1997, is a non-profit trade
association whose aim is to promote the common
business interests of the Internet-related service
industry in the Asia Pacific region.
亞太地區網路相關組織
APIA Objects:
• To develop industry procedures, mechanisms,
policies, standards, and guidelines for effective
and efficient operation of Internet-related services
• To facilitate and negotiate industry-wide
agreements on common business issues of
Internet-related services
亞太地區網路相關組織
APIA Objects:
• To develop and promote policies and positions in
the best interest of the Members and represent
these interests in relevant bodies
• To provide and promote educational opportunities
that will enhance and empower technical and
policy understanding of the Internet
• To build, maintain, and publish relevant industry
data for Members.
亞太地區網路相關組織
APIA Operations:
• a membership based organization with the
funding derived from the membership fee.
• The current Secretariat is located in Tokyo, Japan,
headed by Secretary General.
• Most of our activities are carried out over e-mail
discussions, publications, and periodic meetings.
亞太地區網路相關組織
APIA Mission for 2002-2003 is to
• ensure the stability and the future of APRICOT
(http://www.apricot.net), and
• be an information clearing house for AP Internet
industry.
亞太地區網路相關組織
2. AP Star
• AP* is the Community of Asia Pacific Internet
Organisations mooted in 1998 and the mailing list
set up in Nov 1998.
• The vision of AP* is to provide a strong united
front for all Asia Pacific internet organisations to
deal with International issues of governance,
administration, management, research,
development, education, public awareness of the
Internet
亞太地區網路相關組織
3. APTLD: Asia Pacific Top-level Domain Forum
• 討論亞太區Domain Name, DNS, NIC相關議題。
• 會員包括亞太區主要地區及國家：台灣、中國、日本、
南韓、紐西蘭、澳洲、馬來西亞、泰國、新加坡、香
港、越南等。
• APTLD將再馬來西亞立案註冊。秘書處設於台灣，
由本中心擔任。
亞太地區網路相關組織
4. APNIC: Asia Pacific Network Information Center
• the Regional Internet Registry (RIR) for Asia
Pacific Region。其餘三個RIRs為：
(1) ARIN: 北美洲、加勒比海（部分）、非洲（赤道
以南地區）；
(2) LACNIC: 拉丁美洲、加勒比海（部分）；
(3) RIPE NCC: 中東地區、非洲（赤道以北地區）、
亞洲（部分）；
• AfriNIC（成形中）: 非洲
亞太地區網路相關組織
亞太地區網路相關組織
APNIC任務
• Internet resource management: IP address
allocation and assignment / AS number
assignment
• Resource registration: Authoritative registration
server
• DNS management: Reverse domains in-addr.arpa
• Policy development
• Training and Seminars
• Publication and Information
• Co-ordination and Representation
亞太地區網路相關組織
5. APNG（稍後詳述）
6. APRICOT （稍後詳述）