Transcript The Internet in Real Life A Network Manager's Perspective

A Tale of Two Networks
Internet Technology Inside & Out
Terry Gray
Director, Networks & Distributed Computing
Affiliate Professor, Computer Science & Engineering
University of Washington
A Tale of Two Networks
• Internet
– An experiment in remote resource sharing
that escaped containment...
– A world-wide collection of computer networks,
all interconnected via the Internet Protocol (IP).
– A powerful tool and an amazing sociological phenomenon
• Intranet
– Using Internet technology within an organization.
– An intranet may be part of the Internet… or not.
– Example: using Internet-based email and web
servers to facilitate communication among departments
Agenda
• Part 1: The Internet: Past, Present, Future
Thirty years in thirty minutes...
• Part 2: UW’s Intranet Experience
If you build it, they will come...
How many of you...
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Use Email almost every day?
Use the Web almost every day?
Consider yourself an "Internet Junkie"?
Plan to become one Real Soon Now! ?
Have seen a TV documentary on the Internet?
Know what the ARPANET was?
See the 'Net as a Really Big Deal?
POP QUIZ #1 ( True or False):
• The ARPANET was designed to be a military
command/control network that could survive nuclear war.
• Packet switching technology was chosen for ARPANET
primarily because of its ability to go around faulty portions of
a net.
• Packet switching technology was one of the most important
achievements of Bell Labs, and AT&T was an enthusiastic
partner in the ARPANET project.
• Computer Scientists at major universities were universally
supportive of the ARPANET, unlike those at smaller schools.
POP QUIZ #1 ( Cont’d):
• The World Wide Web was invented at CREN (the
Corporation for Research and Educational Networking)
• Email was one of the prime motivators for the net.
• Unlike the telecommunication industry, the computer
industry quickly adopted Internet standards in their quest
to provide open systems.
• Restricting use of encryption on the Internet will ensure
that communication remains open.
POP QUIZ #2 (True or False):
• ARPA projects led not only to today's Internet, but also to
cellular telephone and Ethernet technology.
• The Web is not the Internet.
• The Internet will eliminate many jobs.
• The Internet will create many jobs.
• The Internet is a powerful tool for world peace.
• The Internet is a powerful tool for Western Imperialism.
• In the Internet, the U.S. Constitution is a local ordinance.
History of the Internet
in brief…
• 1960s: The Vision
> Remote Resource Sharing
• 1970s: Making it Work
> Packet switching, LANs, Internets
• 1980s: Widespread Deployment
> NSFnet, Bitnet, CSnet, Usenet, Fidonet
• 1990s: Success Problems
> Scaling, Navigation, Filtering, Politics, Economics
Internet Chronology
1962: Dr. Licklider goes to Washington
1966: Bob Taylor has too many terminals on his desk
1969: ARPANET begins (also Woodstock, Apollo 11)
1972: ARPANET and ALOHANET interconnect
1973: Metcalf/Boggs develop Ethernet from Alohanet
1974: Cerf/Kahn publish TCP/IP specification
1977: TCP/IP demonstration linking:
ARPANET, SATNET, PRNET, Ethernet
Internet Chronology cont’d…
1979:
1981:
1983:
1986:
1988:
1990:
1991:
1993:
1995:
1997:
USENET (distributed BBS) begins
BITNET, CSNET, Minitel begin
ARPANET cutover to TCP/IP completed
NSFNET begins
The Internet Worm attack
ARPANET ends
World Wide Web invented
NCSA Mosaic released
NSFNET ends, Netscape goes public
MCI upgrades from OC-3 to OC-12 links
Why the Internet will Fail
circa 1992
• "TCP/IP is a sunset technology"
• "You can't use TCP/IP for mission critical applications"
• "TCP/IP can't go very fast"
• "FTP will corrupt complex data files"
• "You can't do multimedia over SMTP"
• "TCP/IP is a proprietary protocol developed by DOD"
• "The Internet standards process is not open”
Why the Internet might Fail
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Usage: Censorship, Copyright, Spam/junk
Economics: Pricing, Haves/HaveNots, Investment
Privacy: Exposure of info, usage patterns
Addiction: impact on social contact/activities
Productivity: signal-to-noise ratio
Real crime: technology helps the bad guys, too.
Pseudo-crime: misguided legislation
Organizational turmoil: No hierarchy
Some middlemen will be toast
Legal liabilities will stifle some businesses
Scholarly quality: lots of junk, lots of old versions
Searching/catalogs: best stuff may never be found
Coordination: shared file access
Technology: Scaling, Security, Quality of Service
Summary: The Internet...
• Is an amazing tool and an amazing phenomenon.
• Tends to eliminate time, distance, and rank.
• Breeds misinformation on and about it.
• Faces challenges that are growing exponentially.
• Brings opportunities that are growing exponentially.
• The hardest problems ahead are not technical
(but there are some dandy technical problems, too!)
UW’s Intranet Experience
• 1988: five anti-interoperable campus nets...
– 3,000 machines on a bridged Ethernet
– A large Micom terminal network
– Separate library, hospital, and administrative nets
• 1997: one campus net with 27,000 hosts...
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12,000 PCs
6,000 Macs
4,000 Unix workstations
3,000 X terminals
1,000 hubs, routers
UW Network Nodes
30,000
25,000
20,000
Network Hosts
Each December
15,000
10,000
5,000
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1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
UW Backbone Traffic
300
250
200
Billions of Bytes/Day
November samples
150
100
50
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Secrets of our Success
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Keep it: Simple, Scalable, Reliable, Interoperable
Use Internet standards (Interoperate!)
Route only IP (Simplify!)
Use lots of Ethernet (Cheap!)
Use lots of subnets (Isolate Faults)
Use lots of switches (Isolate Traffic)
Use good configuration & management tools
Use scalable server clusters (Web, IMAP)
Open Issues
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How much desktop bandwidth?
Multimedia support
Routing vs. Switching
ATM vs. Gigabit Ethernet
• ATM:
A Technology Masterpiece?
or Another Terrible Mistake?
Beware Conventional Wisdom
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1988:
1992:
1995:
1995:
1997:
1997:
OSI will replace TCP/IP
Cat 3 wire will never carry 10Mbps
ATM will replace TCP/IP
ISDN will be pervasive
VLANs will replace routers
Telco competition will reduce costs
Questions?