Transcript Slide 1

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Network Management
Chapter 18
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Objectives
• Describe how configuration management
documentation enables you to manage
and upgrade a network efficiently
• Conduct network monitoring to identify
performance and connectivity issues
• Explain how to optimize network
performance
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Overview
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Introduction to network
management
• Complicated networks are vulnerable
• Configuration management is necessary
• Configuration management prevents problems
when upgrading
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Three parts to Chapter 18
• Network configuration management
• Monitoring performance and
connectivity
• Network performance optimization
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Network configuration
management
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Network configuration management
– Configuration management
documentation
– Wiring schematics or diagrams
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Configuration management
documentation
– Network connectivity
– Baselines
– Policies, procedures, and configurations
– Regulations
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Network connectivity
– Documentation describes details about
host machines and connections
– Falls into three categories:
• Wiring schemes
• Network diagrams
• Network maps
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Wiring schemes
– Wiring schemes
• Describes cabling and connectors in network
• Wiring standards used (CAT5, 568A, fiber, and
so on)
• Connectors for PCs, switches, and routers
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Figure 18.1 Wiring scheme detail on the TIA/EIA standard
used throughout the network
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Network diagrams
– Show network devices and how they
connect
– Physical runs
– Define types of connections
– Routers, switches, servers, CSU/DSU, etc.
– Created by network administrator
• Using standardized network topology icons
• Using software utility like MS Visio
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Figure 18.2 network diagram
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Figure 18.3 Sample network topology icons
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Figure 18.4 Visio in action
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Network maps
– Go deeper into the individual components
of the network
– Documents:
• IP addresses
• Ports
• Protocols
– Can be created with Nmap or other
software
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Figure 18.5 Network map
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Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Figure 18.6 My network in pictures
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Figure 18.7 Router close up
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Baselines
– Benchmark of when everything is working
correctly
– Commit to creating often and comparing
– Log of performance indicators
• CPU usage
• Network utilization
• Other performance measurements
• Windows Performance Monitor
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Policies
– Acceptable use policy
• What people can and cannot do with
network hardware and software
– User training
– Security policy
• Level of access for employees
• Password complexity and much more
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Procedures
– What to do
• When upgrading components
• When adding new user accounts
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Configurations
– How software should be configured
– How hardware should be configured
– Results of the procedures
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Figure 18.8 Section of show startup-config
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Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Regulations
– Rules governing behavior in the workplace
– How to keep network and people safe and
productive
– Included in configuration management
documentation
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Change management documentation
– CompTIA separates detailed overview of
network from how to upgrade it
– Normally these are combined into the
change management documentation
– Consult documentation before major
changes
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Monitoring performance
and
connectivity
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Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Monitoring tasks
– Create baselines
– Ongoing monitoring
– Various logs
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Monitoring tools
– Windows Performance Monitor (PerfMon)
• Monitors behavior of hardware and software
• Monitors locally or remotely
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Configuring Performance Monitor
– Objects
• System components
• CPU, memory, disk drives, etc.
– Counters
• A measurable feature of an object
– Views
• A variety of ways of presenting information
• Real-time or logged
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Configuring Performance Monitor (cont.)
– Add counters and objects
– For logging, must add entire object
– Monitor local or remote computer
– Save log files for a snapshot of a point
in time
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Figure 18.9 The real-time monitoring tool
in Performance Monitor in Windows XP
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Figure 18.10 The real-time monitoring tool in
Performance Monitor in Windows 7
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Figure 18.11 Adding a counter in Windows 7
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Figure 18.12 Selecting a counter object in the
Add Counters dialog box
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Figure 18.13 Real-time monitoring in Histogram
bar view
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Figure 18.14 Monitoring a remote computer
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Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Figure 18.15 Selecting performance objects
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Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Figure 18.16 Logging data
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Figure 18.17 Selecting a log file
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Create multiple baselines
– System at rest
– System in use
• Revisit and monitor changes to baseline
• Log over extended periods of time
• Allows patterns of peak usage and idle
time to be determined
• Use patterns to tune hosts
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Figure 18.18 Starting the wizard to create a new
data collector set
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Figure 18.19 Creating a new Data Collector Set
using the wizard
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Third-party network monitoring tools
– Often expensive
– Generate baselines
– Monitor in real time
– Alert administrator to problems
– Can act as intrusion detection
systems (IDS)
– Example: IPSentry by RGE, Inc.
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Figure 18.20 IPSentry at work
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Logs and network traffic
– Administrators can use various tools on log
files to
• Analyze network traffic to determine problem
areas
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Log viewers
– Windows Event Viewer
– Linux stores logs in /var/log
• Use text editor to view
– Mac OSX GUI viewer called Console
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Figure 18.21 Event Viewer in Windows 7
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Three general types of logs
– General logs record updates to applications
and generic events
– System logs display general system and
security events
– History logs track the history of how a user
or users access network resources, or how
network resources are accessed throughout
the network
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Figure 18.22 Traffic analysis in Cacti
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Network performance
optimization
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Overview
– Network admin keeps network running
– Users notice problems quickly
– CompTIA Network+ requirements
• Caching
• Controlling data throughput
• Keeping resources available
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Caching
– Storing requested data in hopes it will be
needed again [in the short term]
– Works in many ways on a network
– Reduces network workload
– Dedicated cache servers available for
network – reduce overall network traffic
– Use Cache Array Routing Protocol to load
balance
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Controlling data throughput
– Most networks have limited bandwidth
• Growing use
• It will eventually get slower
• Latency-sensitive applications need consistent
bandwidth
• Apps like streaming video require high bandwidth
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Figure 18.23 Pausing a video on YouTube
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Figure 18.24 Hulu.com (I love this site!)
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Methods for controlling data throughput
– Throttling bandwidth
• Quality of Service (QoS)
– Priority to certain ports
– Layer 2 of the OSI model
• Traffic Shaping (a.k.a. bandwidth shaping)
– Priority by TCP/UDP port number
– Layers 3 and 7 of the OSI model
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Figure 18.25 Traffic shaping on a SOHO router
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Keeping resources available
– High availability
– Fault tolerance
– Data backup
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Data backup
– Desktop or individual server
– Enterprise backup
– Backup media
• Tape
• Local hard drive
• Networked storage
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Figure 18.26 Windows Server Backup (Hmm. . .
is “failed” a good thing?)
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Archive bit
– A.k.a. archive attribute
– Key to effective backups
– Turned “on” when a file is saved
– Some applications turn it on when
they open a file
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Figure 18.27 The archive bit on these files is on.
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Backup programs and the archive bit
– Depending on backup function selected
• Only backs up files with the archive bit on
• Backs up selected files, ignoring state of archive
• Turns off archive bit for every file backed up
– Archive bit off means file was backed up
– Archive bit on means file has been changed
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Types of backup
– Normal backup – all selected files backed up
and archive bit turned off
– Copy backup – like normal but without
touching the archive bit
– Incremental backup – all selected files with
archive bit turned on; turns off bit
– Differential backup – all selected files with
archive bit turned on; leaves bit as is
– Daily backup – all files changed; leaves bit off
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Figure 18.28 Incremental vs. differential
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Figure 18.29 Restoring from backups
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Backup strategies
– Must meet organization’s need
– Must be able to easily restore
– Have a regimen
• What to do with backup media
• Rotate media
– Grandfather, father, son (GFS)
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Other factors in a backup strategy
– Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) protects against short-term power outages
– Backup generator protects against longterm power outages
– RAID and redundant hardware
• System automatically uses redundant
component after a failure
• Works normally and buys time for administrator
to replace failed component
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Redundant Array of Independent Disks
(RAID)
– RAID 1
• Data mirroring (2 disks) and duplexing (2
controllers)
– RAID 5
• Disk striping with distributed parity (3 minimum)
– RAID 6
• Adds another parity block, allowing an array of
four or more drives, tolerating a loss of two
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Other redundant hardware
– Redundant power supplies
– Redundant network connections
– Cluster servers and load balancing
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
• Cluster servers
– Multiple identical servers
– If a server goes down, others pick up the
load
– Need cluster-aware operating system, such
as Windows Server for the Enterprise
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+® Guide to Managing and
Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N10-005)
Figure 18.30 The Internet Movie Database
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.