Transcript Networks and the Internet

NETWORKS
AND THE
INTERNET
DESKTOP COMPUTING (pp 1-2)
Desktop computers are often
generically referred to as
PCs or MACs. Regardless of
the brand name, desktop
computers have the same
components.
 Hardware: The physical components of the
computer, such as the monitor and base unit.
 Input Devices: external devices used to enter
data and instructions into the computer, such
as a keyboard mouse, scanner microphone,
digital camera, and flash drives.
 Peripheral Devices: external
devices attached to the
computer, such
as printers and scanners
 Output Devices: devices used to convey
useful information processed by the computer,
such as monitors, printers, speakers and
memory drives
 CPU: Central Processing Unit – the
“brain” of the computer
 operating system software: programs
that run automatically that allow the user
to communicate with the computer and
the computer to process data
 application software: programs
written to perform specific tasks
(word processing, photo editing)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What are input devices used for?
to enter data to the computer for processing
 What are output devices used for?
to display processed data in a useful format
 Describe one difference between operating system
software and application software.
operating system software runs the computer,
application software allows the user to tell
the computer to perform specific tasks

MOBILE COMPUTING (pp 2-3)
 Bluetooth: wireless technology that
allows mobile computing devices to
communicate with one another
 notebook computer: portable,
lightweight computer with capabilities
of a typical desktop system
 tablet PC: a computer that uses handwriting
recognition software to interpret data the user
“writes” on the screen with a stylus
 handheld computer (PDA): palmsized computers that are used primarily
for personal management tasks such
as scheduling, lists, games
 Smart phone: cell phones that have
Internet and central processing
capability
 wearable computer: computing devices
integrated into clothing and wearable
accessories
 cross-platform connectivity: the ability of
different operating systems to communicate
with one another
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Describe four types of mobile computing devices.
notebook computer
tablet PC
handheld computer
smart phone
wearable computer
 Describe one type of wearable computer.
MP3 player integrated into watches
cameras integrated into eyewear

Quiz tomorrow!
NETWORKS (pp 3-5)
 A network is a combination of hardware and
software that allows computers to exchange
data and share software and devices.
 Businesses, schools and other organizations
use networks because:
o users can share and exchange data
o costs are reduced by sharing devices
o passwords can restrict access to certain
files
o software updates and file backups can be
performed at one location
o private email can be provided for network
users.
 LAN: Local Area Network – connects
devices within a small area such as a
building or a campus
 WAN: Wide Area Network – connects
devices over a large geographical
distance
 HAN: Home Area Network – connects devices
within a home
 network architecture: the design of a
network that includes computers and devices
and how they relate to each other
 peer-to-peer network: each
computer on the network has
equal sharing capabilities
 client/server network: a group of computers
that are connected to a single server
server
clients
 wireless network : uses high frequency radio
waves or infrared signals to transmit data
 WiFi: Wireless Fidelity – a protocol for
wireless networks
 Netiquette: the polite rules for
using a network
 do not access the account of
another user without
permission
 do not share your password
 use appropriate subject matter and
language
 be considerate of other people’s beliefs and
opinions
REVIEW QUESTIONS


What does “network architecture” refer to?
the devices that are included in the structure of a
network
What are three rules of “netiquette”?
 do not access the account of another user
without permission
 do not share your password
 use appropriate subject matter and language
 be considerate of other people’s beliefs and
opinions
Quiz tomorrow!
FILES & FOLDERS (p 6)

A collection of data stored on a memory drive is
called a file.
 A file can be an application program or the
product of an application (a word processor program or
a document created with a word processor program)


Each file must have a unique file name.
Applications add an extension to the file name
when it is saved.
 .doc = word processing file
 .htm = basic HTML document
 .css = cascading style sheet

Folders are used to
organized related
files.
 Each folder must
have a unique file
name.
 A folder can contain
other folders and
all types of files.
INTRANETS, EXTRANETS,
AND THE INTERNET (p 7)

An intranet is a private network used by a single
organization
firewall: network security system that prevents
unauthorized access to the network
An extranet allows the public to access a network,
such as the district server
 The Internet is the largest and most widely
accessed network – a world-wide network of
computers that is not controlled by any one
organization.
 IP Address: a unique identifier for a computer or
device on a network

REVIEW QUESTIONS

What is the difference between an intranet and an
extranet?
An intranet is used by a single organization. An
extranet can be accessed by the public.

Who controls the Internet?
No one person or organization.
TELCOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES
(pp 7-8)

Telecommunications is transmitting and
receiving of data through a line or cable
 conventional modem: uses standard phone
lines to convert analog signals to digital; the
slowest form of telecommunications
 DSL: Digital Subscriber Line – uses standard
phone lines with high rates of data
transmission
 cable modem: transmits data through coaxial
cable TV networks
 dedicated line: allows a permanent
connection to the internet that is always active
 ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network –
digital network access provided by a phone
company
REVIEW QUESTIONS

What is the slowest telecommunications option?
conventional modem
Quiz tomorrow!
INTERNET SERVICES (pp 8-10)
Internet services include:
 World Wide Web - used to search and access
information that is available on the Internet
 e-mail - messages transmitted over a
communications network
 instant messaging - immediate text-based
communication
 bulletin board services - allows users to
participate in discussion groups


The World Wide Web is the most widely used
Internet service.
A web browser application provides a graphical
interface to present information in the form of web
sites.
TYPES OF WEB SITES

Personal Web Sites


created by individuals
display information about hobbies, pets family members,
etc.
TYPES OF WEB SITES (CONT.)

Commercial Web Sites

created by companies and organizations
 corporate presence web sites = display information
about products and services
 e-commerce web sites = sell products and services
online
TYPES OF WEB SITES (CONT.)

Informational Web Sites


display factual information about a topic
created by educational institutions, governments, and
organizations
Types of Web Sites (cont.)

Media Web Sites


created by companies
Inform readers about current events and issues; usually
online newspapers and periodicals
Types of Web Sites (cont.)

Portal Web Sites
created by businesses
a starting point for people to enter the Web
 contain hyperlinks to a wide range of topics and access
to a search engine.


URL (UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR)
Every web page has a URL
 A URL is an address that is interpreted by a web
browser to identify the location of a page on the
web.

domain name
http://www.earthday.net
The web protocol
used for
transmission of
pages from a
server to a web
browser.
top-level domain
– identifies the
type of web site
TOP LEVEL DOMAINS

Top-level domains identify the type of web site.
 .gov = government agency
 .edu = educational institution
 .org = non profit organization
 .com = commercial business
REVIEW QUESTIONS

What is the most widely used Internet service?
The World Wide Web

What is a URL?
the unique address of a web page on the Internet

Identify each part of this URL:
domain name
http://www.google.com
The web
protocol used
for transmission
of pages from a
server to a web
browser.
top-level domain
– identifies the
type of web site
REVIEW QUESTIONS

What is one benefit of e-mail over standard mail?
Email is faster than regular mail

What is one advantage of sending an instant
message instead of an e-mail?
Can be faster than email
Quiz tomorrow!
ASSIGNMENTS
1)
Complete Exercise #3 on page 37 in your binder.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Be sure to include your name and class period
on your paper.
2)
Grab a partner and complete the “Internet
Search Skills Activity” handout. You can do it
alone if you want.
INTERNET EXPLORER (pp11-15)
title bar: displays the
web page title
address bar:
displays the
URL of the
web page
status bar:
displays
information
about the
web page
menu bar:
displays
menus from
which you
can select
commands
favorites
bar: allows
you to add
sites for
quick
access
scroll bar:
drag to
bring
unseen
parts of the
page into
view
ASSIGNMENT

Complete the Internet Explorer Practice on page
12-15 in your binder
SEARCHING THE WEB (pp 16-17)
 search engine: a program that searches
databases of web pages for key words
 sponsored site results: sites that contain
information being searched for, but their
owners have paid for them to be listed at first
 search criteria: words or phrases that are
used to search for web pages
o + (plus sign) or AND – limits a search to
only web pages that contain all of the words
in the search criteria
insects+arachnids+achatina
insectsANDarachnidsANDachatina
o OR – used to find web pages that contain
any words in the search criteria
insectsORarachnidsORachatina
o - (minus sign) or NOT – used to exclude
web pages from a search
insects-mosquitoes
insectsNOTmosquitoes
ASSIGNMENTS
1)
Complete the “Searching the Web” Practice on
page 17 of your binder.
2)
Grab a partner and complete the “Search
Criteria” Activity handout.
EVALUATING AND
CITING WEB -PAGES (pp 17-19)
When evaluating a web site, ask these
questions:
 Is the site up-to-date?
When was the page last updated?
 Is the site biased?
Does the information have a slanted view of the
topic?
 Is the site valid?
What is the primary source of the site’s information?
Is the primary source trustworthy?
 Who is the site’s author?
Does that person/organization have the credentials
to be a reliable source on the topic?
When citing a web site, use this general
format:
Author’s last name, first name, middle initial.
Site Title. Access date. Organization name.
<URL>.
Specific instructions are included on the “Citing
Electronic Resources in MLA Format” handout.
REVIEW QUESTIONS

What are four questions to answer when
evaluating a web site?
 Is the site up-to-date?
 Is the site biased?
 Is the site valid?
 Who is the site’s author?
REVIEW QUESTIONS

On August 9, 2011 you accessed a posting on the
Clewiston Kite Surfing discussion list at
http://www.lpdatafiles.com/kitesurf/color.txt.
The posting was made by Tara Perez on the topic
of kite colors. Write a citation for a research paper
that quotes Tara’s posting.
Perez, Tara. Clewiston Kite Surfing. 9 August
2011. < http://www.lpdatafiles.com/kitesurf/
color.txt>
ASSIGNMENTS
1)
Complete the “Citing a Website” Practice on
pages 18-19
2)
Complete Exercise 4 through 6 on page 38
E-MAIL ETIQUETTE (p 21)
 spam: junk email
Email Etiquette rules:
o use your manners and polite words
o write in short, complete sentences
o be professional – use correct spelling and
grammar
o re-read the message before sending
o send message through your account only
o use appropriate subject matter and
language
o be considerate of other people’s beliefs and
opinions
INTERNET PRIVACY ISSUES (pp 22-23)
 Electronic Communications Privacy Act: makes it
a crime to access and/or publish electronic data without
permission
 Electronic Freedom of Information Act: required
government agencies to make information available for
pubic inspection online
 Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act: requires
web sites that collect information from children under
13 to obtain parental consent
 Safety and Freedom Through Encryption Act:
allows American to use any type of encryption to protect
their personal information
 PATRIOT Act of 2001: allows law enforcement to
monitor individual’s internet and email activity
 spyware: software that uses the Internet to
gather information about users without their
knowledge
 online profiling: a marketing technique that
collects data about users visiting web sites
 cookie: a text file created by a server when a
user enters information into a web site; it is
stored on the user’s computer and accessed
every time the site is visited
 web beacon/web bug/pixel tag: tiny, hidden
graphics on web pages or in emails that collect
data about users; monitored by ad agencies
 privacy policy: a legally binding document
that explains how user’s personal information
will be used
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Why is ending an email message like sending a
post card?
anyone along the path from sender to
recipient can read it’s contents
 What are three examples of email etiquette?
 use your manners and polite words
 write in short, complete sentences
 be professional – use correct spelling and
grammar
 re-read the message before sending
 send message through your account only
 use appropriate subject matter and
language
 be considerate of other people’s beliefs and
opinions

REVIEW QUESTIONS

Who usually monitors the information collected
by web beacons?
advertising agencies who design targeted ads
on the Internet
Quiz tomorrow!
INTERNET ACCEPTEABLE USE
POLICY (p 23)
Enforceable rules for using computers
and/or the Internet through an
organization’s computers:
o use appropriate language
o do not reveal personal addresses or phone
numbers
o do not access, upload, download, or distribute
inappropriate materials
o do not access another user’s account
o do not install or uninstall software
o do not use organization computers for personal
reasons
REVIEW QUESTIONS

Why would a school require an Acceptable Use
Policy for students?
You must have an AUP
on file with the office to
take this class!
ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF
COMPUTER USE (pp 23-24)
identity theft – personal information is stolen and
used to make fraudulent purchases or obtain loans
Laws the protect privacy:
 Fair Credit Reporting Act – gives you the
right to see information collected about you for
use by credit, insurance, and employment
agencies
 Privacy Act – restricts the way personal
information can be used by federal agencies
 Financial Privacy Act – requires that
government have a subpoena or search warrant
to access your financial records
ASSIGNMENTS
1)
Complete Exercise 8 on page 39
PROTECTING SOFTWARE AND
DATA
(pp 24-25)
copyright – the illegal use or
reproduction of digital information,
images, videos, photos, etc.
No Electronic Theft Act – protect against
copyright infringement
piracy – the distribution of illegal
copies of copyrighted files
virus – a program the reproduces itself without the
user’s knowledge; can destroy data on computers
trojan horse – a damaging program that appears
to be trustworthy; running the program damages a
computer
worm – a damaging program the reproduces itself
on a network and uses up resources
antivirus program – software that detects and
removes damaging programs
hacker/cracker – an individual who
gains access to large computer networks
to cause vandalism
phishing – sending an email claiming to be a
legitimate business to trick a user into providing
personal information
REVIEW QUESTIONS

What are two precautions to take to protect
yourself from damaging programs?
 Use and update antivirus software
 Don’t open email attachments until they
have been scanned for damaging programs
Quiz tomorrow!
ASSIGNMENTS
1)
Complete Exercises 4, 5, and 6 on page 38 and
Exercise 12 on page 40