Transcript Slide 1

‫تقنيات االنترنت‬
Chapter 2
© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
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Internet Communications Examples:
1. Instant
Messaging
2. Podcasts
3. Webcasts
4. Wikis
5. Voice over
Internet (VoIP)
6. E-mail
© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
3 ‫لالختبار حفظ‬
‫تعداد‬
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Internet Communications
• Group communication Example
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Social network
Multiplayer online games
Chat rooms
Newsgroups
Listservs
© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
‫لالختبار‬
‫حفظ‬
‫ تعداد‬3
3
Instant Messaging
1. Real-time textbased
conversations
2. Contacts must be
online
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Podcasts
• Podcasts: Compressed audio/video files
distributed on the Internet
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Webcasts and Wikis
• Webcast: Broadcast of audio/visual
content over the Internet
– Not updated automatically
– Use streaming media
• Wiki: Web site that allows anyone to
change its content
– provide source for collaborative writing
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Voice over Internet Protocol
(VOIP)
1. VoIP: Using the Internet to place phone calls
2. send voice data digitally
3. Requires a microphone, an Internet connection,
and a VoIP provider
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E-mail
• Electronic mail
• E-mail accounts
– Client-based
– Web-based
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Social Networks
• Social networks: online personal
networks Ex. Facebook.com
• Members share common interests
• Members communicate by voice, chat, IM,
video, and blogs
• Members create personalized profiles
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Chat Rooms
• Real-time text-based conversations
• Identity protection
– Username
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Newsgroups and Listservs
• Newsgroups
– Online discussion forums
– Members post and reply to messages
– Create or respond to “threads”
• Listservs
– Electronic mailing lists of e-mail addresses of
people interested in a topic
– Threads are sent as e-mails
– Less public than newsgroups
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Web Entertainment
• Multimedia:
– Involves forms of media
and text
• Graphics
• Audio
• Video
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Navigating the Web: Web Browsers
•
•
•
•
Computer software
Graphical
Enables Web navigation
Popular browsers:
– Internet Explorer, Firefox, safari
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Web includes:
1. Web sites
2. URLs
3. Hyperlinks
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Web Sites
• Web site:
– Collection of related Web pages
– First page known as Home or Index page
• Web page:
– HTML document
• Text and graphics
– Unique address
– Hyperlinks
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URLs
• URL: (Uniform Resource Locator)
URL
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Hyperlinks
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Clients and Servers
• The Internet is a client/server network
• Client computer:
– Users connected to the Internet
– Requests data and Web pages
• Server computer:
– Stores Web pages and data
– Returns the requested data to the client
• IP addresses
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Connecting to the Internet
• Dial-up connections
• Broadband connections
– Cable
– Satellite
– DSL
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Broadband Connections
• Cable
– Uses coaxial cable
and a cable modem
– Fast connection speed
– Speed depends on
number of users
– Not available in all
areas
Coaxial
cable
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Broadband Connections
• Digital Subscriber Line
(DSL)
– Uses telephone lines
– Faster than dial-up
– Doesn’t tie up line
– Requires special DSL
modem
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Broadband Connections
• Fiber optic Internet
– Sends light through fiber optics
– Fast
– Expensive
– Only available in certain areas
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Broadband Connections
• Satellite
– Uses a satellite dish and
coaxial cable
– Almost anyone in the
U.S. can receive
satellite service
– Signal is affected by
location and weather
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Dial-Up Connections
• Uses standard
telephone line
• Requires a modem to
convert analog and
digital signals
• Slowest connection
speed (56K)
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The Origin of the Internet
• ARPANET
(Advanced Research Projects Agency Network)
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The Web vs. the Internet
• The Web is part of the Internet
distinguished by:
– TCP/IP
– HTML
– hyperlinks
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