Transcript Module 4: Managing Security

Module 10:
Troubleshooting Active
Directory, DNS, and
Replication Issues
Module Overview
• Troubleshooting Active Directory Domain Services
• Troubleshooting DNS Integration with AD DS
• Troubleshooting AD DS Replication
Lesson 1: Troubleshooting Active Directory
Domain Services
• Introduction to AD DS Troubleshooting
• Discussion: How to Troubleshoot Active Directory Domain
Services Issues
• Troubleshooting User Access Errors
• Demonstration: Tools for Troubleshooting User
Access Errors
• Troubleshooting Domain Controller Performance Issues
Introduction to AD DS Troubleshooting
Active Directory troubleshooting begins when:
• Users report authentication or authorization errors
• Active Directory related events appear in the Event Viewer
• Domain controller performance is degraded
• An alert is generated by a monitoring system
• Data is not being replicated between domain controllers
Discussion: How to Troubleshoot Active Directory
Domain Services Issues
• What steps would you take to troubleshoot an Active
Directory issue?
• What tools would you use?
• How would you verify that your solution worked?
Troubleshooting User Access Errors
User access errors may be the result of:
• Network access errors
• Authentication errors
• Authorization errors
To address user access errors, verify:
• Network connectivity
• Time synchronization
• Domain controller availability
• User account and user
lockout settings
• Group memberships
Demonstration: Tools for Troubleshooting User
Access Errors
In this demonstration, you will see how to troubleshoot user
access errors using the Windows tools
Troubleshooting Domain Controller
Performance Issues
Most common performance issues include:
• High CPU utilization
• High network utilization
To resolve performance issues:

Identify the processes with
high CPU utilization

Monitor application specific
network traffic

Move applications or services
to another server

Distribute Active Directory
and DNS roles across
multiple servers

Review and modify the
replication topology

Deploy domain controllers
with 64 bit hardware
Lesson 2: Troubleshooting DNS Integration with
AD DS
• Overview of DNS and AD DS Troubleshooting
• Troubleshooting DNS Name Resolution
• Troubleshooting DNS Name Registration
• Troubleshooting DNS Zone Replication
Overview of DNS and AD DS Troubleshooting
Troubleshoot the integration of DNS and Active
Directory when:
• Users cannot log on to Active Directory
• Active Directory replication is failing
• Active Directory installation fails
To troubleshoot DNS and Active Directory integration, verify:
• DNS client and server configurations
• DNS name registration
• DNS zone replication
Troubleshooting DNS Name Resolution
DNS name resolution may fail due to:
• Network connectivity issues
• Client configuration errors
• DNS server availability
• Name registration or DNS replication issues
To troubleshoot DNS name resolution:
• Test network connectivity by pinging the DNS server
by IP address
• Use IPConfig to examine the client configuration
• Use NSLookup to verify server availability
• Flush the DNS cache
• Use NSLookup to verify SRV records
Troubleshooting DNS Name Registration
DNS name registration may fail due to:
• Client configuration errors
• DNS server availability
• DNS zone configuration
To troubleshoot DNS name registration:
• Verify that the client is configured to register in DNS
• Test DNS server availability
• Verify that the DNS zone is configured for
dynamic updates
• Test DNS by using the DCDiag /Test:DNS command
• Register the SRV records by restarting the
Netlogon service
Troubleshooting DNS Zone Replication
Investigate DNS zone replication issues when:
• DNS-related issues are specific to certain
DNS server clients
• Zone information is not consistent on different
DNS servers
• DNS server availability
• Name registration or DNS replication issues
Troubleshoot Active Directory replication for Active Directory
integrated zones
To troubleshoot standard zone transfer issues:
• Verify network connectivity
• Verify primary server and secondary server configuration
• Verify Start of Authority record
• Verify zone transfer configuration
Lesson 3: Troubleshooting AD DS Replication
• AD DS Replication Requirements
• Common Replication Issues
• What Is the Repadmin Tool?
• What Is the DCDiag Tool?
• Identifying the Cause of Replication Errors
• Discussion: Troubleshooting Inter-Site AD DS
Replication Issues
• Troubleshooting Distributed File Replication Issues
AD DS Replication Requirements
Active Directory replication requires:
• Routable IP infrastructure
• DNS name resolution
• RPC or SMTP connectivity between domain controllers
• Kerberos v5 authentication
• LDAP connectivity to install new domain controllers
• File Replication Service or Distributed File
System Replication
Common Replication Issues
Symptom
Replication does
not finish or occur
Replication is slow
Client computers
receive a slow
response
Replication greatly
increases network
traffic
Possible causes
• Sites not connected by site links
• No bridgehead server in the site group
• Inefficient site topology
and schedule
• No domain controller online
in client site
• Not enough domain
controllers
• Insufficient bandwidth
• Incorrect site topology
What Is the Repadmin Tool?
Use the Repadmin command-line tool to:
• View and manually create the replication topology
• Force replication events between domain controllers
• View the replication metadata
Syntax:
repadmin command arguments [/u:[domain\]user pw:{password|*}]
What Is the DCDiag Tool?
Use the Dcdiag command-line tool to:
• Analyze the state of a domain controller and report
any problems
• Perform a series of tests to verify different
areas of the system
Syntax:
dcdiag command arguments [/v /f:LogFile /ferr:ErrLog ]
Identifying the Cause of Replication Errors
Possible causes
Testing method
Sites are not
connected by
site links
• Dcdiag /test:Topology
No bridgehead
server in the site
• Repadmin /bridgeheads
Inefficient site
topology and
schedule
• Repadmin /latency
No domain controller
online in the site
• Dcdiag /test:Replication
• Dcdiag /test:Connectivity
Not enough domain
controllers
• System monitor NTDS counters
Incorrect site
topology
• Active Directory Sites and Services
• Repadmin /latency
• V Dcdiag /test:Intersite
Discussion: Troubleshooting Inter-Site AD DS
Replication Issues
• What steps would you take to troubleshoot an Active
Directory replication issue?
• How would you verify that your solution worked?
Troubleshooting Distributed File
Replication Issues
Server 2008 uses FRS or DFSR to replicate the
• Windows
SYSVOL directory between domain controllers
•
Both FRS and DFRS require LDAP and RPC connectivity
between domain controllers
•
Use Ntfrsutl and FRSDiag to troubleshoot FRS replication
•
Use DFSRAdmin to troubleshoot DFRS replication
Lab: Troubleshooting Active Directory, DNS, and
Replication Issues
• Exercise 1: Troubleshooting Authentication and
Authorization Errors
• Exercise 2: Troubleshooting the Integration of DNS and
AD DS
• Exercise 3: Troubleshooting AD DS Replication
Logon information
Virtual machine
NYC-DC1, NYC-CL1
User name
Administrator
Password
Pa$$w0rd
Estimated time: 75 minutes
Lab Review
• If the Los Angeles office was configured as a separate site,
what additional steps would you need to take to
troubleshoot Scenario #5?
• What AD DS troubleshooting issues do you think you will
need to deal with most often in your organization?
Module Review and Takeaways
• Considerations
• Tools
• Review questions
Beta Feedback Tool
Beta feedback tool helps:
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Collect student roster information, module feedback, and
course evaluations.
Identify and sort the changes that students request, thereby
facilitating a quick team triage.
Save data to a database in SQL Server that you can later
query.
Walkthrough of the tool
Beta Feedback
Overall flow of module:
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Which topics did you think flowed smoothly, from topic to
topic?
Was something taught out of order?
Pacing:
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Were you able to keep up? Are there any places where the
pace felt too slow?
Were you able to process what the instructor said before
moving on to next topic?
Did you have ample time to reflect on what you learned? Did
you have time to formulate and ask questions?
Learner activities:
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Which demos helped you learn the most? Why do you think
that is?
Did the lab help you synthesize the content in the module?
Did it help you to understand how you can use this
knowledge in your work environment?
Were there any discussion questions or reflection questions
that really made you think? Were there questions you
thought weren’t helpful?