Transcript Unit 1 - The Atlantic World NOTES

Unit 1 - The Atlantic World
United States History
Mrs. O’Shea
Overview
First Americans???
America before 1500 A.D.
European World before 1500 A.D.
African World before 1500 A.D.
Age of Exploration
Conquistadors
Colonization
First Americans???
Migration – movement of people who want
to settle in a new place
Bering Strait – land bridge during Ice Age
Known as the Clovis Theory
Came in waves
Migrated east and south
SKILLS CHECK
Meaning of Word Practice
Until recently, archaeologists assumed the first
Americans were Siberians who crossed the
Bering Strait on a land bridge that was made
accessible by receding waters during the last
Ice Age.
Definitions
archaeologists
accessible
receding
SKILLS CHECK
Drawing Conclusions
(1) What did these first Americans do when they
arrived on this continent?
(2) Read p. 5 in your textbook. Now, rewrite your answer
from above using information from your reading.
America before 1500
What do we know about these people???
These groups had no real written records.
Study objects – learn about way people live
http://www.aolnews.com/2011/03/27/discove
ry-suggests-earlier-arrival-of-firstamericans-video/
Meaning of Word Practice
“The Texas finds… are likely to persuade nearly
everyone. The undisturbed condition of the
site, a distinct layer of artifact-containing
sediment below the Clovis deposits and dating
that consistently puts that layer at 13,200 to
15,500 years old is what makes this discovery
especially convincing.”
Definitions
sediment
deposits
Group Assignment
Loose-leaf paper - Each student
completes own work – one paper will
be chosen randomly to be graded for
the whole group.
Is there evidence of food eaten?
Is there evidence of economic activity
(trade, money, etc)?
What kind of social structure might these
people have had?
What kind of homes might they have had?
Using page 2-3 – try to identify where this
group of people lived. What part of North
America?
Group Assignment – Wrap-up
Bag 1 - Traders
Bag 2 - Herders
Bag 3 - Farmers
Bag 4 - Fisherman
Bag 5 - Hunters Gatherers
European World
Early Middle Ages – 500 to 1000 A.D.
– Unstable
– Rise of Islam – Muslims spread religion
throughout North Africa, Arabia and presentday Spain
– Feudalism – political system of lords, lesser
lords, serfs
– Roman Catholic Church ruled.
European World
Late Middle Ages – 1000 – 1300 A.D.
–New farming techniques ->more people ->need more
land
–Crusades – unsuccessful attempts by Christians to
take back Jerusalem from Muslims -> increased
demand for trade goods
–Growth of cities -> Middle Class developed (artisans,
merchants, traders) ->money economy was revived->
breakdown of feudal system
–Rise of Monarchs
–Rise of Universities
–Black Death – The Plaque
European World
Renaissance – 1300 – 1500 A.D.
–Rebirth of culture and learning
–Produced Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Donatello,
Shakespeare
–Printing Press – makes written word accessible to
average person
–Reformation – protestant church formed
–Nations arose – France, England, Spain, Portugal
–Invention of compass, astrolabe, and quadrant,
caravel made long sea voyages possible
Europeans
•
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•
•
Dark Ages
500A.D. – 1300A.D.
Renaissance
1300A.D. – 1500A.D.
Fall of Roman Empire
War
Black Death (Plague)
Trade – dangerous Muslim world was
treacherous for
Europeans
• Time of rebirth
• Emphasis on education,
invention, arts (Teenage
Mutant Ninja Turtles)
• Nations were created –
France, England, Spain,
Portugal (competitive)
• Inventions = long sea
voyages possible
• More money – more trade
African World Before 1500
Way of Life
• Really diverse geographically -> Africans adapted to their
surroundings -> Africans diverse
Social Structure
• Organized around family groups – kinships
Religion
• Oral History
• Customs and beliefs varied (one god, many gods or
goddesses, spirits, after-life)
Views on Land
• Land was plentiful.
• Land ≠ Wealth
African World Before 1500
TRADE
Europeans
Cloth
Iron
Copper
Jewelry
North Africans
(Middlemen)
West Africans
Gold
Explore? Why?
Marco Polo – Italian
1271 - Traveled to China overland
Remained in China for 15 years
Returned and wrote of travels - “The
Travels of Marco Polo”
Why is this important?
Fueled interest in travel and in goods from
Asia
Motives for Exploration
1. Christianity – wanted to spread
Christianity
2. Wealth – wanted to make money with
trade
3. Fame – wanted to become famous
4. National Pride – competition with other
countries
5. Curiosity
• 1440s - Prince Henry the Navigator explored west of Africa
• 1487 Bartholomew Dias - rounded the
Cape of Good Hope
• 1498 Vasco da Gama – reached India
ALL PORTUGUESE
http://www.mariner.org/exploration/index.php?page=voyages
What Next?
Portugal discovered two things about going
around Africa to Asia
1) wasn't shorter
2) wasn't cheaper
Review for Quiz
Define Migration.
Migration from Asia – Bering Land Bridge
What is pre-history?
Native American Culture – diverse, views on land, trade
European Culture - Middle Ages. Renaissance, views on
land, trade
African Culture – slavery, views on land, trade
European exploration
Motives for exploration
Portuguese explorers
Background
Born in Genoa, Italy
Trained in Navigator school in
Portugal
Reasons for Voyage
1. Fame
2. God
Voyage to “New World” funded
by Spain
3. Trade Route – Competition
with Portugal
Christopher Columbus’s Voyage
Effects on Native Americans
Devastated by disease
(smallpox, typhus, measles,
chicken pox, whooping cough)
Effects on Europeans
Wealth (gold, silver, cash crops)
1. Complete the chart below using Chapter 2, Sec. 1
Explorers
Areas of
Exploration
and/or Conquest
Reason for
Exploration
Ponce De Leon
Balboa
Magellan
Cortes
Pizzaro
Cornado
De Soto
2. Label on map the routes of each of the explorers.
Explorers
Areas of Exploration
and/or Conquest
Ponce De
Leon
Balboa
Florida
Magellan
Brazil and
southern tip of
South America
(Strait of Magellan)
Panama
Reason for
Exploration
Looking for
Fountain of youth
Exploration - First
European to see
Pacific Ocean from
American
continent
Sail around
Earth??
Explorers
Cortes
Pizzaro
Coronado
De Soto
Areas of Exploration
and/or Conquest
Reason for
Exploration
Aztec Empire –
present-day Mexico
Inca Empire –
present-day Peru
Present-day Texas
and as far north as
Kansas
Present-day Florida,
Alabama, Tennessee,
Mississippi, Arkansas,
Oklahoma.
Conquer
Aztecs
Conquer Incas
Looking for
“golden cities”
Looking for
“golden cities”
Conquistadors and Colonies
God, Glory, Gold
Spanish Conquerors = Conquistadors
1492-1650 – Spanish built empires in
Americas
Did not drive natives out of lands, forced
them to be part of colonial system