Transcript TETRA Positioning

TETRA Positioning
Ranko Pinter
TETRA Association
Agenda
• Who needs PMR?
– why the PMR is different
• If PMR why TETRA?
– what makes TETRA special?
• Is TETRA for me?
– who are TETRA users?
• The Future
– How futureproof is TETRA?
Who needs PMR?
…. with cellular subscribers in their
billions is there a need for PMR?
Needs of Professional Users
Guaranteed service
- under normal conditions and
during incidents & even disasters
- Planned capacity for emergency handling
- Semi-duplex (only one channel per group per site)
Fast group communications
- Few hundred ms set-up time
- Good dispatching facilities
- Dynamic group management
Specific functionality
- Emergency calls (pre-emptive)
- Security
- Monitoring,
- Status messages
Limitations of Cellular
• It cannot guarantee service during
emergencies and disasters
• It cannot provide call set-up even with POC
(PTT Over Cellular)
• It cannot provide powerful dispatch
functionality
• It cannot provide special terminal
functionality
• Even POC systems need too
many channels for big talkgroups
Information Importance
Urgency & Importance of Info
‘Life
or
Death’
PMR
High
(nonroutine)
Low-toMedium
(routine)
Cellular
Cordless
Non-urgent
<1 min
Urgent
<10 sec
Immediate
<1 sec
Time-criticality of call set-up
If PMR why TETRA ?
… or what makes TETRA Special
TETRA - Three Key Markets
Public Operator
PAMR
Private Operator Self-provided
PMR
PMR
TETRA Versatility
Mobile
Telephony
Mobile
Data
Mobile
Radio
Traditional PMR Positioning
Non-Tactical Military
Specialist
Increasing
Information
Importance
Increasing
User Base
Police and Security
Customs and Excise
PMR
Cellular
Fixed Telephony
Fire and Ambulance
Mineral Extraction
Transport and Utilities
Business and
General Commerce
Consumer
New Market Positioning by TETRA
Non-tactical Military (COTS)
Increasing
Information
Importance
Increasing
User Base
PMR
TETRA
Cellular - GSM
Police and Security
Customs and Excise
Fire and Ambulance
Mineral Extraction
Transport and Utilities
Business and
General Commerce
Consumer
Fixed Telephony
TETRA Spectrum Efficiency
200kHz bandwidth
GSM
Half-rate GSM
PMR 25 kHz
200 kHz carrier
8 channels
200 kHz carrier
16 channels
25 kHz channel
8 channels / 200 kHz
PMR 12.5 kHz
APCO25 (US)
Tetrapol
12.5 kHz channels
16 channels / 200 kHz
TETRA
25 kHz carrier
4 channels / carrier
32 channels / 200 kHz
Quality (MOS)
TETRA-GSM Codec Comparison
4
3
2
1
0
MOS=Mean Opinion Score
TETRA
GSM
MOS 4
Excellent quality : Imperceptible impairment
MOS 3
Good quality : Just perceptible impairment, but not
annoying
TETRA – Analogue FM Comparison
1&2
3&4
Comparison TETRA & analogue FM
Quality
ETSI demo
2 phrases Analogue
2 phrases TETRA
1
Male
Moderate C/N
2
Female
Moderate C/N
3
Male
Poor C/N
4
Female
Poor C/N
FM
TETRA
Range
TETRA and Other Standards
Features
Traffic Channel (kHz)
Wide Area Coverage (WAC)
Inherent Ease of Duplex
Telephony Services
PMR Services
Priority & Pre-emption
Call set-up Time < 0.5 sec
Group & Broadcast Call
Queued Call
Comprehensive Security
Terminal Autonomy (DMO)
Robust Low-rate Codec
Concurrent Voice & Data
TETRA
GSM
DECT
APCO25
6.25
25
166.6
12.5
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TETRA / APCO 25 Comparison
TETRA – defined by the European
Telecommunications Standards
Institute
Project 25 – defined as joint
project of U.S. user (APCO, NASTD),
government and industry (TIA)
organisations
Standardisation / Market Approach
Project 25
TETRA
• Strict Public Safety
focus
• Focus on economic
rural coverage and
working in limited
spectrum
• Voice centric services,
data often in separate
network
• U.S. centric standard
• Spectrum split and
fragmented: VHF, UHF,
800 …
•
Designed to meet the needs of
various user groups
– Shared multi-agency PSS
– Smaller private networks
•
•
•
•
Designed to support higher
capacities
Combining voice + data in same
network from the beginning
International standard from the
beginning
Harmonised radio spectrum for
European emergency services
Market Differences
Project 25
TETRA
• Single supplier
dominance
• Interoperability still under
planning
• Leader in U.S. PSS market
• Individual contracts in
Asia-pacific & Latin
America
• Handset prices even at
4000 – 5000 USD level !
• Strong multi-vendor focus
• Working interoperability
certification
• True multi-vendor experience
• Leading technology in
Europe and Asia
• Latin American contracts
• Much lower equipment prices
due to genuine competition
Maturity of Standards
Project 25
TETRA
Many different paths tried, i.e.
• Conventional 12.5 kHz FDMA
• Trunked 12.5 kHz FDMA –
trunking protocol came later
than products
• 6.25 kHz FDMA – never
implemented in products
• TETRA-like 25 kHz TDMA failed
• Now trying 12.5 kHz TDMA –
very slowly
Trunked 4-slot TDMA from the
beginning
In TETRA standards many things
were completed years ahead
of Project 25:
• Intersystem Interface,
roaming support
• Authentication, air interface
encryption
• full duplex, handovers
• supplementary services to
one-to-one calls
Technical Comparison (1)
Project 25 - FDMA
TETRA - TDMA
• Traditionally assumptions,
are large cells and lower
capacity
• Benefits from high power
mobile radios ( 10 to 30 W)
• Expensive when number of
channels becomes high
• Growing requirement for
higher user densities
poses real technological
challenge
• Traditional assumption are
small cells and higher
capacity
• Can handle high capacity at
lower cost
• Spectrum efficient
• Easy full duplex,
simultaneous voice + data
• Improvements in TDMA BS
receiver technology and
multi-receiver diversity
promise equal cell range
Technical Comparison 2: Functionality
Project 25
TETRA
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Still only half duplex
No handover signalling
Supplementary services now
under debate
DTMF now debated
Still very little of IP data seen
in operational networks today
Text messaging still being
debated
The new, still debated,
features may finally appear in
the yet non-existent TDMA
standard, if at all ...
•
•
•
•
•
Full duplex from the
beginning
Handovers during call
Supplementary services
related to one-to-one calls
IP packet data in use for a
while
Text messaging from the
beginning
Much faster feature roll-out
(due to competition?)
Technical Comparison - Networks
Project 25
TETRA
• Idea of international cooperation not visible in
standards
• Inter-Subsystem
Interface still ongoing
• Strong pressure from
users asking for
“interoperability” – in
long term this may
improve the standard
•
•
•
•
Designed for cross-border
operation, ISI standard
Designed for international
traffic, numbering, country
codes
Implemented efficient VPN
support for multi-agency
sharing
TETRA standard can offer
nationwide homogenous
seamless network - today
Radio Terminals Comparison
Project 25
TETRA
• High output powers
available, tens of
watts
• Several
manufacturers
showing handsets in exhibitions
• The U.S. price of
encrypting handset
is 4000 to 5000 USD
• Tens of terminals
available from several
manufacturers
• Smaller size & weight
• Handsets are preferred
to mobiles
• Selling prices 500 to
1000 USD
• Competition is driving
innovation and cost
efficiency
Radio Terminals - Speed of
innovation
No other PMR technology can deliver TODAY:
• Handsets with full duplex?
• Handsets with integral GPS receiver ?
• Handsets with 65 000 colour display ?
• Handsets with web & WAP browsers ?
Quick survey at TETRA seminar in Oslo in
March 2005 revealed close to 30 new
TETRA terminal models being launched
during the last 3 years
Only open competition can boost this amount of
handset innovations and R&D investment
TETRA and Tetrapol
• Tetrapol based on Matracom - 1986
technolgy developed for French MoI
• Proprietary technology developed by Matra
whilst developing ETSI Standard with others
• Named Tetrapol after ETSI named TETRA
• Attempt to have it adopted by ETSI as
standard in 1998 comprehensively rejected
• Today still a single source proprietary
technology of EADS
TETRA and GSM-R
•Taiwan High Speed Rail
–Top speed 300 KM/hr.
• In competition with GSM-R
TETRA won the Contract
TETRA and GSM-R (2)
GSM-R
Cologne-Frankfurt
• 177 km
• 47 km tunnels
• 56 base stations
• 3,2 Km coverage
average per BS
TETRA
From GSM-R
to TETRA
Taiwan HSR
• 347 km
x2
• 120 km tunnels
x 2.5
• 26 base stations
x 0.5
x4
• 13,3 Km coverage
average per BS
Source: http://www.cellular-news.com/story/7331.shtml
Up to 4 times better coverage with TETRA than GSM-R
TETRA and GSM
• Use of GSM network is an attractive
alternative to rolling out a new nationwide
network for Emergency Services
• So far it has been rejected in all countries
that have considered it
• This has not prevented several others still
going through the same process, e.g.
–
–
–
–
Norway (GSM-R; Telenor; Nexia)
Selected TETRA
Sweden (Rakel; Stelacon)
Germany (Vodafone)
Specified ETSI TETRA Standard
Denmark (UMTS)
TETRA and GSM-BOS
•GSM-BOS is a proposal by Vodafone Germany to upgrade their
GSM network to meet the needs of Emergency Services similar
to the ill-fated GSM-Pro promoted by Ericsson for several years
DMO
*
Connectivit
y Server
ASCI features (incl.
GSM-R and GSM 2+)
and ADCI features #
Public GSM Network
ASCI = Advanced Speech Call Items; #ADCI = Advanced Data Call Items; *DMO = TETRA
TETRA and POC (PTT Over Cellular)
• Proposal for adding Push-to-Talk (PTT) facility to
GPRS and 3G, aimed mainly at the recreational /
family use, e.g.
– Family holidays, camping, shopping, mother-to-child safety
• Low Qality of Service
– Expected call setup around few sec. & message delay 1-3 sec.
– Limited group size
– No Supplementary Services like Late Entry, DGNA, Ambience
Listening, discreet Listening,
– Standard GSM security
• Threat?
– Delays by the non-informed decision makers
– Extra opportunities for Consultants!
TETRA and CDMA
• CDMA is a broadand technology designed for hi-volume
consumer cellular market
• Minimum roll-out requires 2 x 1.25MHz for initial CDMA carrier
(same frequency used in every cell) - provides 25-30 voice
channels
• Additional 2 x 1.25MHz per additional CDMA carrier
• 2 CDMA carriers plus guard bands will require around 2 x 3 MHz
• Strategy to enter European cellular market by the back-door?
Guard Band
Guard Band
CDMA Carrier #1
CDMA Carrier #2
Narrowband
Channels
Narrowband
Channels
1.25 MHz
1.25 MHz
Approx 3 MHz
200 kHz
Is TETRA for me?
…. the users of TETRA and their
applications
TETRA for Emergency Services
• Disasters – both natural
and man-made
• Major Incidents/ fires
• Incidents
• RTA (Road Traffic Accidents)
• Routine policing
TETRA for Transportation
• Efficient Fleet Management of Mass
Transport, I.e. buses, trams, underground
• Timely response to timetable changes
caused by scheduled or unscheduled
events, e.g. RTA, roadwork, public
demonstration, security alerts, etc.
• Passenger Information
• On-board security
• Address queries (taxis)
• Track-to-train (railways)
TETRA for Utilities
• Used during storms, floods,
earthquakes, disasters
• Initially to make areas safe,
• Subsequently for reinstating
the supplies.
• Routine maintenance of
power-lines and gas and
water pipes
The Future
How futureproof is TETRA?
TREND Analysis – Technology (1)
• The explosion of wireless communication
services has been caused by market
segmentation, e.g.
–
–
–
–
Range / Area
Services
Power consumption
Mobility
• These new services are complimenting
rather than competing with TETRA
TREND Analysis – Technology (2)
• Emergence of services optimised for specific
application, e.g.
– Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11X) for fixed wireless broadband access to
Internet
– WiMAX – wireless broadband backhaul (IEEE 802.16)
– Bluetooth & IEEE 802.15 for WPANs (Wireless Personal Area
Networks)
– NFC (Near Field Comms) for e-money, authentication cards, etc.
– ZigBee - wireless low-power network for control and monitor
applications, e.g. home automation
– RFID Radio Frequency Identification – one-way communication
from tags for tracking goods and assets
TREND Analysis - Political
Amongst the major forces affecting political aspects
of mobile communication are those of
Integration and Accountability
•
Integration
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–
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Markets  Globalisation
Sectors  Interoperability
Agencies  VPN
Expertise  Standardisation
Functionality  Multi-mode
operation
• Accountability
– Efficiency (value-for-money)
– Replacing custom-design
with cost-efficient COTS
•
TETRA, as a recognised ETSI standard,
is rapidly becoming the first choice for
PMR users worldwide due to its true
multi-vendor choice of cost-effective
high-functionality equipments &
systems, including multi-mode & VPN
capability, guaranteed interoperability
via IOP process of the MoU – a natural
candidate for COTS
TETRA Release 2
• Series of enhancements aimed to expand
TETRA functionality in the specific areas,
e.g. Codec, Ground-to-air communication
• Addition of different modulations which,
when combined with concatenations of 25
kHz channels, would allow for 10x higher
speed data rates
TETRA - in a nutshell
TETRA is cellular+ because, in addition to
mobile telephony (voice and data):
• TETRA enables time-critical non-routine,
communication to the professionals operating
in closed-user-groups,
• TETRA offers a wide range of PMR services
and higher levels of security / encryption
• TETRA is designed to operate in the critical &
disaster situations that require highly
dependable, secure, robust and resilient
equipments and systems.
TETRA is ……
- 4WD / SUV of Mobile Comms
.. the toolbox for the professionals
Conclusions
• TETRA is following GSM experience that has shown
that standardisation & globalisation are the key
ingredients for success of any technology
• Growing threat to safety and security of public is
increasingly demanding the use of professional,
robust & resilient communication equipments and
systems, like TETRA that were designed for the task
• TETRA standard has propelled the PMR onto the
centre stage of the Global Mobile Communications
• With addition of Release 2 TETRA will, for the
foreseeable future, continue to compliment Cellular.
Thank you!
Thank You
For more information on TETRA
please visit
www.tetramou.com
www.etsi.org