Transcript Unit 1: Maps and Exploration

Unit 1: Maps and Exploration
a.
b.
c.
Map skills
Explorers
Colonies
WHAT DO THESE MAPS HAVE
IN COMMON?
Equator

An imaginary, horizontal line on the
Earth’s surface EQUIDISTANT from the
North Pole and the South Pole that divides
the earth into a Northern Hemisphere and
a Southern Hemisphere.
Prime Meridian

An imaginary, vertical line that divides the
Earth into Eastern and Western
Hemispheres. Longitude here is 0 degrees.
Latitude

Horizontal lines running East to West that
give the location of a place on Earth that
is North or South of the equator.
Longitude

Vertical lines running North to South that
give the location of a place on Earth that
is East or West of the Prime Meridian.
Hemisphere

Half of the Earth. Can be the northern,
southern, eastern, or western.
Scale


The ratio of a single
unit of distance on
the map to the
equivalent distance
on the ground.
Ex: 1 cm = 100 miles
Legend

The little box in the
corner of the map. It
contains icons to tell
you what the map is
intended to display.
Compass Rose

A figure that displays the orientation of
the cardinal directions: North, South, East,
West
Political Map


Show governmental
boundaries of
countries, states,
counties.
Show the location of
major cities
Physical Map

Shows deserts,
mountains, plains
Let’s practice!
Longitude – imaginary lines that run north
to south, creating the Eastern and
Western Hemispheres, measuring the
distance east or west of the Prime
N
Meridian.
S
Latitude – Imaginary lines that run east to
west creating the Northern and Southern
Hemispheres, measuring the distance
north or south of the equator.
N
S
Recall: Grid
Finding Places
109°W 108°W 107°W 106°W 105°W 104°W 103°W 102°W
Find 40 ° N Latitude
What city is located at
this latitude?
41°N
Boulder
40°N
What line of Longitude
is closest to this city?
Grand Junction
39°N
Mt. Elbert
Delta
Pikes Peak
Denver
Colorado Springs
Pueblo
38°N
Latitude is always
written first:
How would you write the
coordinates correctly for
the city of Boulder?
Durango
37°N
N
Practicing Map Skills
1.
2.
3.
4.
Which line of
Latitude runs near
Pikes Peak?
Which line of
Longitude runs
near Pikes Peak?
Write the correct
location for Pikes
Peak using
Longitude and
Latitude
What city is near
39°N Latitude,
108°W Longitude?
109°W 108°W 107°W 106°W 105°W 104°W 103°W 102°W
41°N
Boulder
40°N
Grand Junction
39°N
Mt. Elbert
Delta
Pikes Peak
Denver
Colorado Springs
Pueblo
38°N
Durango
37°N
Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
39°N
105°W
39° N Latitude, 41°N
105° W Longitude
40°N
Delta
39°N
What is the coordinates
of the City of Durango?
109°W 108°W 107°W 106°W 105°W 104°W 103°W 102°W
Boulder
Grand Junction
Mt. Elbert
Delta
108° W Longitude
Colorado Springs
Pueblo
38°N
Durango
37½° N Latitude,
Pikes Peak
Denver
37°N
Age of Exploration/Discovery

Period from the early
15th century to the early
17th century when
Europeans explored the
world by ocean searching
for trade and goods. The
most desired goods were
gold, silver and spices.
Western Europeans used
new sailing ship
technologies.
Circumnavigate

To circumnavigate
a place, such as an
island, a continent, or
the Earth, is to travel
all the way around it
by boat or ship.
Armada


a word of Spanish
origin similar to navy
or fleet
Remember the
Spanish Armada of
1588?
Conquistador

one of the Spanish
soldiers, explorers, and
adventurers who took
part in the conquest of
large parts of the
Americas and Asia,
bringing them under
Spanish colonial rule
between the 15th and
19th centuries.
Big Ten Explorers
Columbus


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Sailed west to Indies
Landed on the
Bahamas
Sailed for Spain
(King Ferdinand and
Queen Isabella
Magellan




Searched for
passage to Pacific
Ocean
Sailed through
“straits of Magellan”
Died in Philippines
Crew lst to
circumnavigate the
world
Prince Henry The Navigator




Portuguese Prince
Set up navigation
school
Sent explorers on
expeditions along the
western African coast
to determine the coast
line layout
Learned about
currents, wind
patterns, & climate
Sought gold for Portugal, rich spice trade & hope
to spread the Christian faith
Ponce de Leon

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

1st to land on the
mainland of North
America
Looking for
“fountain of youth”
Sailed for Spain
Established St.
Augustine, Florida
Vasco da Gama - Portugal


Sailed to India in 1498
Got valuable goods for India
Coronado


Looking for fabled
seven cities of gold
Explored presentday Arizona and
New Mexico
Cortes


Spanish
Conquistador
Conquered Aztec
emperor Montezuma
Balboa

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Spanish Explorer
Claimed Pacific
Ocean and adjoining
lands for Spain
Pizzaro
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
Conquered the
Incan Empire
Sailed for Spain
Vespucci

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
Amerigo Vespucci
America was named
after him
Recruited by Spain
New Advancements in
Technology
What advancements from the Scientific
Revolution made Exploration possible?
► Map
making- gave them knowledge of
the world; began to believe the world
was round
► Navigation-
tools that helped them find
where they were going
► New
ships- longer and more
narrow; could travel faster
What technological advances were
there?
Astrolabe

An instrument used
by navigators to
predict the positions
of the sun, moon, and
planets. It also was
used to determine
time based on
longitude and
latitude.
Caravel
a small, highly
maneuverable, ship,
created by the
Portuguese and used
also by them and by
the Spanish for long
voyages of
exploration from the
15th century
Gunpowder

An explosive mixture
of sulfur and charcoal
used in firearms as a
propellant.
What does this
mean for the
Native
Americans?
Compass

A navigational
instrument used to
determine direction
based on the
magnetic force from
the Earth’s poles
Rudder

Part of the outside of
the boat that helps
steer
Hourglass

A device that uses the
passing of sand to
measure time
Quadrant (Backstaff)


a navigational instrument
that was used to measure
the altitude of the sun or
moon.
When observing the sun,
users kept the sun to
their back (hence the
name) and observed the
shadow cast by the upper
vane on a horizon vane.
How did Global wind and current
patterns affect where explorers landed?
Colony


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A territory under
immediate control of
a country.
The territory is ruled
by the “mother
country”
The territory must
provide goods and
profit to the “mother
country”
Mercantilism


There is a fixed
amount of wealth in
the world and that in
order to receive a
larger share, one
country has to take
some wealth away
from another country.
To do so, you MUST
export more than you
import.
What role did mercantilism play
with the colonies?


European powers aimed to colonize
overseas lands that were rich in gold,
silver, and raw materials that could not be
produced at home.
A powerful nation sought to buy raw
materials from it’s own colonies.
Columbian Exchange

describes the enormous
exchange of plants,
animals, foods, human
populations (including
slaves), diseases, and
ideas between the
Eastern and Western
hemispheres that
occurred after 1492.
Triangular Trade
Middle Passage


the forced
transportation of
African people from
Africa to the New
World as part of the
Atlantic slave trade
the middle portion of
the triangular trade
voyage.
Plantation

a large estate where cotton, tobacco,
coffee, sugar cane, or trees are cultivated

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This system had positive and negative
outcomes. Divide into two groups. One
group consider the advantages of
colonialism, and the other should consider
its disadvantages. Each group should
write down three legitimate points.
For example: Colonists can be taxed,
thus providing new revenue.
Advantages of Colonization

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1.
New colonies provide land and
raw materials
2.
New colonies are a market to
sell finished products to.
3.
Colonists can be taxed, thus
providing new revenue.
Disadvantages of Colonization



1.
Forcing trade upon colonies
interferes with a free market.
2.
Mercantilism only exploits the
resources of the new colonies.
3.
Colonization creates tension
towards the Mother Country.
7-1.6: Economic Developments
of Colonies
Entrepreneurs
People who start
businesses and take
risks in order to make
a profit.
Development of a Market
Economy

People decide what they are going to buy
and sell… they make choices!
Law of Supply and Demand


A person shows demand when they buy
something.
When the demand for something
increases, usually businesses increase
the supply of that item.
What
happens if
they don’t?
Middle Class
It grew! Poor people got richer and moved
on up through participation in the market
economy.
Capitalism

Production for a profit!

The main reasons why European nations
colonized new areas was because of
mercantilism. A nation made money by
exporting more goods than it imported.


Powerful nations like Britain, France, and
Spain realized that they could increase
their exports and revenue by creating
colonies.
They were forced to import (buy) the
goods of the Mother Country, and the
colonists were heavily taxed.
Principles of Mercantilism
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Gain as much gold and silver as
possible.
Export more than you import.
Tax items… it decreases your import
cost! (How?)
Settle as many colonies as you can!
Allow colonies to trade with the mother
country only.
Don’t let the colonies make their own
finished goods.
Activity!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
You will be assigned a team. Your team will receive a top secret
envelope. The name on the envelope is the mother country you
are representing.
In each envelope, your country has a list of finished goods it must
purchase the raw materials for. Your job as a group is to figure out
what materials you need and purchase the right quantities and
labor to make your finished goods without going over budget.
Along with your envelope, your team will receive money to spend.
Each team will get $120 in silver and gold.
We will hold a silent auction for your team to obtain the goods it
needs. Depending on the location of your country’s colonies, you
might get something for free!
Winning team is the team who can obtain the most goods for the
production of their product and have the most money left over.
You win a 100 classwork grade and all the Paw Points used in
today’s activity to split evenly among yourselves.
Auction Process
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Select a bidder from your group.
To make a selection, the bidder must
silently hold his or her envelope up when
the item and its price are called out.
Because it is a silent auction, if you talk
you forfeit the good.
As long as there are multiple bidders, the
price will rise until there’s only 1 bidder
left.
If you are that bidder, you have secured
the item.
Exit Slip
1.
2.
What are 3 principles of mercantilism?
How did you use those principles today in
our activity? Explain how you used each
principle in complete sentences.