Transcript Before ATM - Politechnika Wrocławska

2h
User Education
Introduction to
H.323 Multimedia Conferences
Index
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move on
© Copyright Ezenia Inc, 1999
Before We Start
 Having got this far you have probably solved most
problems associated with running this course
 However in case of further difficulties here are some ways
we can help you
 E-mail to [email protected]
 Telephone
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 US Training Department 781 505 2400
 UK Training Department 44 1344 407 000
 Browser support
 We have tested this course using Microsoft Internet Explorer V4
and V5
 Other browsers should work without problems, but if you do have
a problem please test the course first with Internet Explorer
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Using This Programme
 This course is designed to allow you to go at your own
pace
 Each page will contain a set of buttons that will allow you
to navigate your way round
 If you want to see the animations again, use the browser Refresh
button
 If you need to stop, use your browser to bookmark the
page (Favourites in the case on Internet Explorer)
 When you start again, simply select that bookmark
Notes:
An indicator in the lower right hand corner will show you how far
you have progressed through the current module.
This is the last thing to display on a page – so when you see this
marker you can move on – when you are ready
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Live Assist
 Should you require additional help you may contact
Ezenia training help desk
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Index and Glossary
 So that you can use this course for future reference, we
have included an index
 This icon will allow you to jump to the course index, and
from there identify major sections of information, to which
you will be able to gain direct access
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Index
Previous
 In addition we have provided you with a Glossary of most
technical terms
 You can access it at anytime by going to the Help page
Glossary
Beginning
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© Copyright Ezenia Inc, 1999
Prerequisites
 This course is intended for people that ???????
 It is expected that
 You will have some familiarity with IP network operation
º It is recommended that you have attended our course “Introduction to IP for
Multimedia Conferences”
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Course Documentation
 To help you while looking at the course, you are advised
to have
 ???????
 If you can ????? arrange to have access to the conference
equipment at the same time as you take this course, you will be
able to explore each operation at an appropriate time
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Course Objectives
 The course is modular
 However you are advised to follow the modules in sequence.
 After having completed all modules you will know
 ???????
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© Copyright Ezenia Inc, 1999
Terminology
 During this course we make reference to a number of
people that are involved in running an online multimedia
conference
 The names we have chosen may not be the ones used in
your organisation, so for clarity this is the function of each
 Conference Manager
Next
 The person responsible for setting-up a conference
 Participant
Previous
 A person that joins a conference
 Network Manager
 The person responsible for the operation of the network
Beginning
 System Manager
 The person responsible for the operation of the conference
equipment
Help
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Modules
Select the module you wish to view
 Module 1
 Module 2
 Module 3
 Module 4
 Module 5
Index
 Module 6 When you have completed all the other
modules
Beginning
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can find it again, then click here.
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User Education
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Module 1
Index
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move on
© Copyright Ezenia Inc, 1999
Options
Select the module you wish to view
 Module 1a
 Module 1b
 Module 1c
Index
Beginning
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What is Conferencing
 Audio
 Video
 Data
Remember:
This only limits how much
bandwidth H.323 can use. It
does not stop other
applications from using all the
bandwidth.
Rules:
You must enter a percentage.
The range is between 1% and
1000%.
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© Copyright Ezenia Inc, 1999
Endpoints
 An Endpoint provides the human interface
 As a minimum an Endpoint will have
 An audio system
 Additional features include
 A video system
 A document camera
 Data input (T.120)
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Endpoint
Video
Processor
Audio
Processor
Communications
Processor
Network
Interface
Data
Conference
Control
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A Conference
 A conference may be
 Point to point
Multipoint
Video
Server
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H.320 Conferencing
 Connecting across high speed Circuit Switched Networks
 Established since late 1980’s
 Benefits
 Reduced travelling costs
 People are more accessible
 Faster and better decision making
 Limitations
 Relies on WAN, or separate local infrastructure
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© Copyright Ezenia Inc, 1999
H.323 Conferencing





Connecting across any IP based network
Uses existing physical infrastructure
Point to Point
Multipoint
Can be “inter-networked” between LANs using standard
techniques
 With care!
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H.323 Benefits
 Brings full multimedia conferencing to every desk
 Improves accessibility within a company
 Integrates with established technology and infrastructure
Europe
Sales
USA
Sales
Marketing
Asia
Sales
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H.323 Limitations
 Bandwidth needed
 Effect on existing services
 Network performance
Europe
Sales
USA
Sales
Marketing
Asia
Sales
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© Copyright Ezenia Inc, 1999
H.323 Components
 A multimedia LAN based system has a number of
elements
 Essential
 Two or more Endpoints
 The network
 Gatekeeper
 Required for full functionality
 Multipoint Control Unit
 Gateway
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© Copyright Ezenia Inc, 1999
The Network
 H.323 will operate on any network type that supports IP,
and has sufficient capacity




Ethernet: 10, 100, 1000 Mbps
Token Ring: 4, 16, 32, 100 Mbps
FDDI and FDDI-II: 100 Mbps
ATM: 25, 51, 100, 150, 622, 1200 Mbps
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The Network
Routers
Routers
Layer 2
switches
Layer 3
switches
Hubs
Repeaters
Endpoints
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Gatekeeper
 Manages LAN utilisation by multimedia Endpoints
 Can provide optional additional functions
 Address translation
 Accounting information
 Access control
 Software function
 Can exist on various hardware platforms
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Gatekeeper
Gatekeeper A
Endpoints
Gatekeeper B
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Multipoint Control Unit
 Essential when multiple Endpoints wish to participate in a
conference




Negotiates common set of operating parameters
Mixes audio signals
Selects the video broadcaster
Directs T.120 datastreams
 MCU registers with the Gatekeeper as an Endpoint(MCU)
 The VideoServer MCU is The NetServer
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© Copyright Ezenia Inc, 1999
Multipoint Control Unit
Gatekeeper A
MCU
Endpoints
Gatekeeper B
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© Copyright Ezenia Inc, 1999
Gateway
 Essential when connecting H.320 Endpoints and H.323
Endpoints into a common conference
 Translates operating parameters
 Handles addressing issues
 Converts information transport
 E.g. Ethernet/IP to ISDN
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Gateway
Video
Server
Gateway
ISDN
Gatekeeper A
MCU
Video
Server
Gateway
Video
Server
Endpoints
ISDN
Gatekeeper B
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How a Conference Happens 1
 Endpoint registers with Gatekeeper
 Requests permission to connect
1. Hi - my name
is “Chris”
2. Can I call “Jeff”
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How a Conference Happens 2
 Gatekeeper accepts request (or not)
 Returns address of required destination
4. His address
is 111.13.43.1
3. You may
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How a Conference Happens 3
 Endpoint connects to destination
 Destination checks with gatekeeper
 Connection Made
6. Can I talk
to Chris?
7. Yes
5. Hello 111.13.43.1
Are you Jeff?
8. Hello Chris
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How a Conference Happens 4
 Conference continues
 Gatekeeper watches
 Endpoints or Gatekeeper can end call
Video
Audio
Data
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Standards Bodies
 International Telecommunication Union
 Part of International Standards Organisation
 Part of The United Nations
 Sets international standards where Public networks are
involved




V series for modems
G series for digital voice
X series for packet switched data systems
H series for multiplexing, control, multimedia
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© Copyright Ezenia Inc, 1999
Standards Bodies
 LANs have standards set by a range of bodies
 Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
 Ethernet and Token Ring
 American National Standards Institute
 FDDI
 ATM Forum
 ATM
 All of these feed standards into ISO
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© Copyright Ezenia Inc, 1999
Standards Bodies
 Transport of data over LANs has been less well regulated
 The Internet Engineering Task Force
 TCP/IP
 Novell Inc
 SPX/IPX
 Microsoft Inc
 NetBeui
 IBM
 SNA/SDLC
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H.320 Conferences
 H.320 is an umbrella standard linking into other standards
where necessary
H.320
Video
H.261
H.263
Data
T.120
Audio
G.711
G.722
G.728
Multiplexing
H.221
Control
signalling
H.242
H.243
Network
Interfaces
V.xx
X.xx
I.xx
Line
Protocols
I.361
I.363
I.400
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H.323 Standards
 H.323 acts as the umbrella standard linking into other
standards where necessary
 Release 1 - 1996; Release 2 - 1998
H.323
Video
H.261
H.263
Data
T.120
Audio
G.711
G.722
G.723
G.728
G.729
Multiplexing
H.222
H.225
Control
signalling
H.225
H.245
Network
Interfaces
8802
V.xx
X.xx
I.xx
Network
Protocols
TCP
UDP
IP
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© Copyright Ezenia Inc, 1999
Why do I need to know that?




Multiple standards exist for many functions
Some will operate together
Some can be translated one to another
Some do not!
Type A
Video
Server
Type X
Type B
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© Copyright Ezenia Inc, 1999
Video Standards
 H.261
 Video coding and decoding
 Defined image format
 Common Intermediate Format (CIF)
º 352 pixels x 288 lines
 Quarter CIF (QCIF)
º 176 x 144
 Refresh rates
 30, 15, 10, 7.5 times per second
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Video Standards
 H.263






Improved video coding and decoding
CIF and QCIF
16CIF - 1408 x 1152
4CIF - 702 x 576
SQCIF - 128 x 96
Refresh rates
 30, 15, 10, 7.5, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 times per second
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Audio Standards
 G.711
 3.4 kHz bandwidth; 48, 56, or 64 kbps
 G.722
 7 kHz bandwidth; 48, 56, 64 kbps
 G.723 (“IP audio”)
 3 kHz bandwidth; 5.3 or 6.3 kbps
 G.728
 3 kHz bandwidth; 16 kbps
 G.729
 3 kHz bandwidth; 8 kbps
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Control Standards
 H.225
 Principle “language” of the
Gatekeeper
 Q.931
 Call set up and control
 Registration, Admission,
Status functions
H.225/Q.931
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H.225 Registration
 An Endpoint must Register with a Gatekeeper
 Must register with one gatekeeper only
 Configured in Endpoint and/or Gatekeeper
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H.225 Admission
 The Gatekeeper will allow an Endpoint Admission to a
conference
 Bandwidth and security controls
Is he allowed to?
Is there enough capacity?
Can we agree on capacity?
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H.225 Status
 The Gatekeeper will monitor the Status of everything it
controls
 Sends “Keep Alive” message to all registered Endpoints
 Receives “Keep Alive” messages from calls
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© Copyright Ezenia Inc, 1999
Control Standards
 H.245
 Conference Control
 Uses a separate logical channel between Endpoints to
control a conference call
 Establishes
 Maintains
 Terminates
Control
Audio
Video
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IP
 Internet Protocol
 Basic communication language
 Unreliable, connectionless packet delivery service
 Unidirection communication path
Information
IP
Control
IP
Source
Address
IP
Destination
Address
Ethernet
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Multimedia Requirements
 To carry H.323 traffic, the connection needs to 




Deliver packets in sequence
Ensure errors are discarded
Deliver packets on time
Synchronise multiple communication streams (channels)
Minimise timing variations between packets
 IP on it’s own cannot achieve this
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TCP
 Transmission Control Protocol
 Higher level communication language
 Provides a reliable, connection oriented, duplex communication
path between devices
 Generally uses IP as a delivery service
 Used by H.323 for Control messages and T.120 data
Information
TCP
Control
IP
Control
IP
Source
Address
IP
Destination
Address
Ethernet
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UDP
 User Datagram Protocol
 Higher level communication language
 Provides a simple, connectionless, duplex communication path
between devices
 Generally uses IP as a delivery service
 Used by H.323 for audio and video
Information
UDP
Control
IP
Control
IP
Source
Address
IP
Destination
Address
Ethernet
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RTP
 Real Time Protocol
 Enhancement to UDP
 Supports Real-time traffic
 Adds timestamp, sequence number, and identification information
 Used by H.323 for audio and video signals
Information
RTP
Control
UDP
Control
IP
Control
IP
Source
Address
IP
Destination
Address
Ethernet
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RTCP
 Real Time Control Protocol
 Dynamic feedback to RTP
 Allows a receiving Endpoint to alter the way a transmitting Endpoint
sends the information
 Enables Source Quenching
Information
RTCP UDP
IP
Control Control Control
IP
IP
Ethernet
Source Destination
Address Address
Slow down please
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Bringing it all together
Conference
Control
H.225/
H.245
Q.931
Data
T.120
Audio
Video
RTP
TCP
Audio &
Video
Control
RTCP
Gatekeeper
H.225/
RAS
UDP
IP
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Conference Types
 H.323 defines three types of Multipoint conference
 Centralised
 Decentralised
 Hybrid
 Two functions are needed to control these
 Multipoint Controller
 Multipoint Processor
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Multipoint Controller
 Operates the H.245 channel
 Negotiates and manages conference parameters
 Required for all multipoint conferences
 Can be located in an Endpoint for small conferences
 VideoServer NetServer contains an MC
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Multipoint Processor





Mixes audio
Switches video
Directs data
Required for all centralised multipoint conferences
VideoServer NetServer contains an MP
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Centralised Conference
MCU
MC
MP
Audio, Video and Data
H.245 Control
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Decentralised Conference
MC
Audio, Video and Data
H.245 Control
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Hybrid Conference
MCU
MC
MC
MP
Audio, Video and Data
H.245 Control
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How a Centralised Conference Happens
1
3. Conference ‘meeting96’ may proceed
VS
2. Register conference
‘meeting96’
1. Register ‘Dave’
4. Name of conference?
5. Can I connect to ‘meeting96’
at 384 kbps
6. Yes; use IP address 23.46.147.11
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How a Centralised Conference Happens
2
10. Is ‘Dave’
in
‘meeting96’
8. Can I accept call from
‘Dave’ at 384 kbps
VS
9. yes
7. Hello ‘meeting96’
11. Hello ‘Dave’
What parameters can you use?
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How a Centralised Conference Happens
4
18. Connection to “Dave” ended
VS
14. Can I talk to ‘Mary’
yes
13. Hello ‘meeting96’
15. Use these parameters
17. End connection to “meeting 96”
17. End connection
12. Can I connect to ‘meeting96’
at 768 kbps?
yes - use IP address 23.46.147.11
16. ‘Mary’ joins conference63
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G.722
Supported on
Encounter V2
 Audio Encoding Standard
 7 kHz analogue bandwidth
 64 Kbps digital bandwidth
Notes:
This is a standard which is widely
supported in H.320, and is now
supported in H.323.
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H.323 Version 2, New Features ~ 1
 New features
 Security
 H.235
º A security protocol that is now part of
H.323
Notes:
Encounter provides some of these
facilities, without relying on
Endpoints being upgraded to
H.323 Release 2 .
 Authentication
º Controls who can join the conference
 Integrity
º Forces Endpoints to be associated with
Participants
 Privacy
º This is a pseudo encryption technique,
which provides information stream
security
 Non-repudiation
º Ensures that callers are billed correctly
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H.323 Version 2, New Features ~ 2
 New features
 Fast call set-up
 Endpoints can hold some IP addresses locally, so they
don’t have to wait for the Gatekeeper to resolve aliases
 Endpoints can now simultaneously call their target
Endpoint while requesting bandwidth from the Gatekeeper
Notes:
If there isn’t enough bandwidth, then the
Endpoint has to drop the call to the target
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H.323 Version 2, New Features ~ 3
 New features
 Supplementary services
Call Divert
Supported on
Encounter V2
 Signalling protocol H.450.1
 Call transfer H.450.2
º Allows callers to be met by an operator, before joining conference
 Call diversion H.450.3
º Allows calls to be passed onto other endpoints
Notes:
Encounter provides Call Diversion,
without relying on end points being
upgraded to H.323 Release 2 .
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H.323 Version 2, Enhancements ~ 1
 Enhancements
 Improved H.323 and T.120 operation
 H.323 can now launch T.120 calls
Supported on
Encounter V2
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H.323 Version 2, Enhancements ~ 2
 Enhancements
 New Alias formats
 URL
º Web based resources
 RFC 822 e-mail
º Extended DNS
 Party numbers
º Multiple Endpoints can share one alias
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H.323 Version 2, Enhancements ~ 3
Supported on
Encounter V2
Netgate
 Enhancements
 Codec mode changes
 It is now possible to renegotiate the conference mode
once a conference has started
Notes:
H.320 Endpoints can renegotiate conference
operating parameters when they join a conference
running on an H.320 MCU. Netgate now passes
this renegotiation on to the H.323 environment.
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H.323 Version 2, Enhancements ~ 4
 Enhancements
 Gatekeeper redundancy
 The standard now allows one Gatekeeper to act as a
backup for another Gatekeeper
 Endpoint redundancy
 The standard now allows one Endpoint to act as a
backup for another Endpoint
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H.323 Version 2, Enhancements ~ 5
 Enhancements
Supported on
Encounter V2
 Pre-granted admission
 Allows an Endpoint to make a call, regardless
of bandwidth availability
Notes:
Encounter has always provided this
facility, and V2 will continue to do so,
without relying on Endpoints being
upgraded to H.323 Release 2 .
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H.323 Version 2, Enhancements ~ 6
 Enhancements
 Quality of service
 Endpoints may set QoS parameters
º Endpoints can now use Reservation Protocol (RSVP)
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H.323 Version 2, Enhancements ~ 7
 Enhancements
 Improved RAS reliability
 The Gatekeeper now sends “keep alive”
messages to endpoints while it is processing
RAS requests
Supported on
Encounter V2
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H.323 Version 2, Enhancements ~ 8
 Enhancements
Supported on
Encounter V2
 Gateway Resource Reporting
 Gateways now report their current resource availability
to the Gatekeeper
Notes:
Encounter has always provided this
facility, and V2 will continue to do so.
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Routed Gatekeeper ~ 1
 Non routed (H.323 Version 1 and 2)
 Once Endpoints have registered with a Gatekeeper, and have
started to communicate, all the information in those calls is passed
directly between Endpoints.
 Gatekeepers only communicate with other gatekeepers to perform
address resolution.
Notes:
More details in module 3
Zone 1
Zone 2
RTP
RTCP
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Routed Gatekeeper ~ 2
 Routed (H.323 Version 2)
 At all stages of a call, H.225 and H.245 information is
routed through Gatekeepers
 ONLY audio, video and T.120 data is is passed directly
between endpoints.
Notes:
More details in module 3
Zone 1
Zone 2
RTP
RTCP
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Gatekeeper Routed Calls ~ 3
Legend
Q.931
RAS
H.245
RTP
Notes:
Steps 1 to 3 as on H.323
Release 1.
Gatekeeper 2
IP 151.67.3.62
Gatekeeper 1
IP 151.67.7.34
2. Where is “Mary”?
3. Mary is registered with me
Dave
IP 151.67.7.126
Mary
IP 151.67.3.11
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Gatekeeper Routed Calls ~ 4
Legend
Q.931
RAS
H.245
RTP
Notes:
Step 4 happens at the
same time as step 3.
Gatekeeper 2
IP 151.67.3.62
Gatekeeper 1
IP 151.67.7.34
3. Mary is registered with me
5. Connect to 151.67.7.34
Use the
Gatekeeper’s
address
Dave
IP 151.67.7.126
Mary
IP 151.67.3.11
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Gatekeeper Routed Calls ~ 5
Legend
Q.931
RAS
H.245
RTP
Dave
IP 151.67.7.126
Gatekeeper 1
IP 151.67.7.34
Gatekeeper 2
IP 151.67.3.62
7. Calling 151.67.3.62
call for “Mary”
Mary
IP 151.67.3.11
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Gatekeeper Routed Calls ~ 6
Notes:
“Mary” negotiates the parameters of the
RTP connection using H.245 through the
Gatekeepers, but opens the RTP
connection to “Dave” directly.
Legend
Q.931
RAS
H.245
RTP
Gatekeeper 1
IP 151.67.7.34
Gatekeeper 2
IP 151.67.3.62
9. Connect RTP
to 151.67.3.11
Dave
IP 151.67.7.126
Mary
IP 151.67.3.11
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Always Forward
Gatekeeper
IP 151.67.7.34
Calls for “Dave”
divert to “Reception”
Reception
IP 151.67.4.205
Mary
IP 151.67.3.11
Dave
IP 151.67.7.126
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Forward on Busy
Gatekeeper
IP 151.67.7.34
Mary
IP 151.67.3.11
Reception
IP 151.67.4.205
Dave
IP 151.67.7.126
83
© Copyright Ezenia Inc, 1999
Forward on No Answer
Gatekeeper
IP 151.67.7.34
On No Answer divert
“Dave” to “Reception”
Mary
IP 151.67.3.11
3. Timeout
Dave
IP 151.67.7.126
Reception
IP 151.67.4.205
84
© Copyright Ezenia Inc, 1999
Bandwidth Calculations ~ 1
Gatekeeper
IP 151.67.7.34
Is there enough
spare bandwidth in
these segments?
1. Call Dave
Mary
IP 151.67.3.11
2. Call Dave
Notes:
Bandwidth calculations are made
before each stage of the operation.
Dave
IP 151.67.7.126
85
© Copyright Ezenia Inc, 1999
Bandwidth Calculations ~ 2
Gatekeeper
IP 151.67.7.34
Is there enough
spare bandwidth in
these segments?
1. Call Dave
4. Call “Reception”
Mary
IP 151.67.3.11
2. Call Dave
3. Timeout
Dave
IP 151.67.7.126
Reception
IP 151.67.4.205
86
© Copyright Ezenia Inc, 1999
Review Question 1
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Beginning
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Correct Answer
 Well done
 ??????
Beginning
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© Copyright Ezenia Inc, 1999
End of Module 1
You now have a choice, you can return to the main menu and select which
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Using A Conference Server.
Index
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User Education
Final Module
Module 8
Index
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© Copyright Ezenia Inc, 1999
The End
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 We hope you have learnt a lot, but more so we hope this
has just been the start of your learning about our
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Course Index 1
 This page shows a route map of the course
 Select any box to go to that page, or move on to look at subject
headings
Module 1
What is a Multimedia
Conference?
Module 2
Using a
conference Server
Module 3
How to start
a conference
Introduction
Module 4
How to use
your endpoint
Audio/Video
Endpoint
Audio only
Endpoint
NetServer
NetServer
and NetGate
Proshare
LiveLAN
Cruiser
Module 5
How to get the most
out of a conference
Module 6
Final module
Next
NetGate and
Series 2000 MCS
Module 4
Conclusion
SmartStation
97
© Copyright Ezenia Inc, 1999
Course Index 2
 When you have found the subject you are interested in, click on the
button alongside that subject, and you will be taken to those pages












Module 1 - What is a Multimedia Conference
Standards, H.320 and H.323
What is needed for a conference
Endpoints
The Network
The Gatekeeper
Multipoint Control Unit (MCU)
The Gateway
Module 2 - Using a conference server
Telephone Endpoints
NetServer
Finding the conference name
Next
98
© Copyright Ezenia Inc, 1999
Course Index 3















How to join a conference
Who sees whom during a conference on NetServer
What control is there during a conference with NetServer
Chair Control during a conference with NetServer
Controlling a NetServer Conference
Preferred Broadcaster
NetServer and NetGate
Conference Aliases when used with H.320
TCS4 signalling
DTMF signalling
ISDN Sub addressing
Direct Inward Dialling / Multiple Subscriber Numbers
Chair control when using NetGate
Series 2000 MCS and NetGate
MCS conference identification
Next
Previous
99
© Copyright Ezenia Inc, 1999
Course Index 4
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











Connecting an H.323 endpoint to MCS
Module 3 - How to start a conference on NetServer
NetServer Convener menu
Conference Templates
Starting an existing NetServer conference
Scheduling a conference on NetServer
Creating a template
Adding participants to a template
Explaining participant records
Saving a template
Monitoring a conference
Module 4 – How to use your endpoint
Using Intel Proshare
Using PictureTel LiveLAN
Using VCON cruiser
Next
Previous
100
© Copyright Ezenia Inc, 1999
Course Index 5








Using VTEL SmartStation
Module 5 - How to get the most out of a conference
Meetings on-line – ways to organise and control
Making the best of your local environment
Positioning your camera
Preparing yourself for an on-line meeting
During a meeting – talking and listening
Sharing data
Next
Previous
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Help
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