Transcript PowerPoint 프레젠테이션 - Lampung University

Informasi Teknologi
[email protected]
Class 2
• Internet and Intranet
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History and Function
Email dan internet
Browsing (if possible)
Transfer File and File Saving
Virus
MISPREDICTIONS BY IT INDUSTRY LEADERS
This “telephone” has too many shortcomings to be seriously
considered as a means of communication. The device is inherently
of no value to us.
-Western Union internal memo, 1876
I think there is a world market for maybe five computers.
-Thomas Watson, chairman of IBM, 1943
But what [is a microchip] good for?
-Engineer at the Advanced Computing
Systems Division of IBM, 1968
There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home.
-Ken Olson, president, chairman, and founder
of Digital Equipment Corp., 1977
640K ought to be enough for anybody.
-Attributed to Bill Gates, chairman of Microsoft, 1981
Dell has a great business model, but that dog won’t scale.
-John Shoemaker, head of Sun’s server division, 2000
Internet and Intranet
• Internet
• International network of network that are
commercial (private) and publicly owned,
connecting thousands of different network
from more 200 countries around the world.
(Managing digital Firm Page 17, K.C Laudon)
Internet and Intranet
• Intranet
• An internal network based on internet and
World Wide Web Standards (Managing digital
Firm Page 24, K.C Laudon)
• Extranet
• Private Intranet that is accessible to authorize
d outsiders. (Managing digital Firm Page 24,
K.C Laudon)
Internet Map
• Internet map: http://www.caida.org/tools/visualization/map
net/Backbones/
Internet History
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1836 Telegraph, Patented.
1858-1866 Transatlantic cable. Europe and US
1876 Telephone by Alexander Graham Bell
1957 Sputnik launch (USSR), Advanced Research Projects Age
ncy (ARPA) Inside US DoD
1962 - 1968 Packet-switching (PS) networks initiate as foundat
ion of data transfer in internet
1969 the birth of ARPANET by DoD
1971 ARPANET expanded to 15 nodes (23 host), email were in
troduce
1972 the first public demonstration of ARPANET connecting 40
host, Telnet were introduce
Internet History (con’t)
1973
• The first International connection of ARPANET to University
College of London (England) and Royal Radar Establishme
nt (Norway)
• Ethernet and FTP (file transfer protocol) format were initiate
, the idea of internet emerged.
1974
• TCP (Transmission Control Program) used as standard in A
RPANET network
• Telenet, commercial version of ARPANET launched.
1976
• Networking networks expanding.
• UUCP (Unix-to-Unix CoPy) created by AT&T Bell Labs and
distributed together with UNIX
• UNIX as operating system still used until now.
Internet History (con’t)
1977
• E-mail become more popular
• Internet became reality with 100 connected host.
• THEORYNET became the fist network that provide
email to more than 100 researcher.
• Email format and specifications became standard
• Public demonstration of ARPANET/Packet Radio Net/
SATNET Internet protocols through gateways.
1979
• News Groups introduced
• USENET created with UUCP and still used until today
• ARPA created Internet Configuration Control Board.
Internet History (con’t)
1981
• Various private and commercial network started to combin
e and connected.
• BITNET ("Because It's Time NETwork”) started as first co
operative network at City University (New York) with
first connection to Yale University
1982
• TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) dan Interne
t Protocol (IP) ), became future data communication stand
ard.
1983
• Internet became bigger and bigger
• Name server created, host naming with alphabet characte
rs started.
• Internet Activities Board (IAB) created replacing ICCB
• Berkeley Labs launch UNIX 4.2BSD with TCP/IP
Internet History (con’t)
1984
• Host connected reach 1000 hosts
• Domain Name Server (DNS) implemented, host naming b
ecome less complicated 123.456.789.10 = www.myuniver
sity.mydept.mynetwork.mycountry (www.unila.ac.id).
1986
• Internet power become reality with 5000 host connected a
nd 241 news groups.
• Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) created.
1987
• Internet commercialization, host number increased to
28.000
• UUNET established provided commercial UUCP and Use
net access.
Internet History (con’t)
1988
• Introduction of Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
1989
• Host increase to 100,000 hosts.
• The first relay between commercial email and internet
• Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and Internet Rese
arch Task Force (IRTF) established under IAB
1990
• Host increase to 300,000 Hosts and 1,000 News groups
• ARPANET existence decrease
• The World (world.std.com) the first company that provide i
nternet service through dial up
Internet History (con’t)
1991
• Friendly User Interface ke WWW created.
• Gopher created by Paul Lindner and Mark P. McCahill fro
m university of Minnesota.
• World-Wide Web (WWW) standard established by CERN;
Tim Berners-Lee
1992
• Multimedia change the face of internet
• Host number increase to 1 million, News groups reach
4,000
• Established of Internet Society (ISOC)
• The first MBONE audio multicast (March) dan video multi
cast (November).
• "Surfing the Internet" introduced by by Jean Armour Polly.
Internet History (con’t)
1993
• WWW revolution, 2 Million hosts and 600 WWW sites.
• Business and Media really take notice of the Internet.
• White house and United Nations on-line.
• Mosaic popularity in internet as front end for WWW
evolved to Netscape the most popular WWW browser at
that time.
1994
• Internet commercialization started, 3 million host10.000
www sites and 10.00 newsgroup
• ARPANET/Internet 25th year anniversary.
• Local community started to connect directly to internet,
US senate start to give information server access.
• Internet Became life standard, the first Cyberbank opened
Internet History (con’t)
1995
• 6.5 Million Hosts, 100,000 WWW Sites.
• dial-up systems (by Compuserve, America Online, Prodigy)
selling internet access
• Domain name registration is not free any more.
• Search Engine technology introduced.
1996
• Microsoft entering internet business, 12.8 Million hosts and
0.5 million WWW sites.
• Telephone Technology through internet (VO-IP) became
threat to telecommunication industry, they plead to US senat
e to banned this technology. (US Senate only banned this te
chnology only for 1 year)
• WWW wars between netscape dan microsoft started.
Domain Name Registration Jan. ‘89 - Jul. ‘97
April 2001: 31,000,000 Domain Names!!!
September 2002
The Internet Reached Two
Important Milestones:
200,000,000 IP Hosts
> 840,000,000 Users
Internet Growth Trends
• 2005
• The sky is the limits
• Use search engine to find more information
Broadband Internet
Internet Growth Trends
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1977: 111 hosts on Internet
1981: 213 hosts
1983: 562 hosts
1984: 1,000 hosts
1986: 5,000 hosts
1987: 10,000 hosts
1989: 100,000 hosts
1992: 1,000,000 hosts
2001: 150 – 175 million hosts
2002: over 200 million hosts
By 2010, about 80% of the planet will be on the Inte
rnet
Growth of Internet Hosts *
Sept. 1969 - Sept. 2002
250,000,000
Sept. 1, 2002
No. of Hosts
200,000,000
150,000,000
100,000,000
Dot-Com Bust Begins
50,000,000
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Time Period
Chart by William F. Slater, III
The Internet was not known as "The Internet" until January 1984, at which time
there were 1000 hosts that were all converted over to using TCP/IP.
Copyright 2002, William F. Slater, III, Chicago, IL, USA
Internet Population (in million)
Asia
Europe
Canada & USA
Latin America
Middle East
Oceania
Africa
Total
258
231
222
56
17
16
13
813
(Oct. 2004, www.internetworldstats.com )
Email and internet
• INTERNET naming based on TCP/IP protocol
• IP (Internet Protocol)
• Based on 4 column between 0 and 255 and each colu
mn separated by dot.
• xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
• 167.205.136.1
• 35.8.7.92
• This technology called IPv4 (Internet Protocol
Version 4)
Email and internet (con’t)
• IP address management in the world being distributed an
d manage by InterNIC where it will distributed to ISP (Inte
rnet Service Provider),
• ISP will distributed to its user and customer.
• DNS (domain name system) used to give flexibility to tran
slate ip address number to non number identification.
• 167.205.136.1 = www.unila.ac.id
• 208.150.216.210 = www.kompas.com
Email and internet (con’t)
• DNS concepts can be describe as
• maiser.unila.ac.id
• 1
. 2 .3.4
• 4 = country code
• .id
= Indonesia
• .uk
= United Kingdom ([email protected])
• .us
= United States
([email protected])
• .jp
= Japan
([email protected])
• .au
= Australia
([email protected])
• .sg
= Singapore
([email protected])
Email and internet (con’t)
• maiser.unila.ac.id
• 1
. 2 .3.4
• .ac / the third column = institution type
• .ac. = Academic
([email protected])
• .edu.= Education
([email protected])
• .mil.= militer
([email protected])
• .com/co.= commercial ([email protected])
• .gov/go. = government ([email protected])
• .org / or = organization ([email protected])
• .net. = Internet Service Provider ([email protected])
• .tv. = television
• Web = web provide company
• Sch = school
Email and internet (con’t)
• maiser.unila.ac.id
• 1
. 2 .3.4
• .unila / 2nd column = institution name
• .itb.= Institut Teknologi Bandung ([email protected])
• .ui. = Universitas Indonesia
([email protected])
• .bppt. = BPPT
([email protected])
• .ptme = PT. Metrodata Elektronik ([email protected])
• .republika = Koran Republika ([email protected])
• Maiser. / 1st column = machine/host name/sub institution
• [email protected]  maiser = komputer mail server
• [email protected] cnrg = computer network research
group
• [email protected]  xxx = komputer xxx
Email
• Format email
• [email protected]
• MISAL :
• [email protected]
• [email protected]
• [email protected]
• [email protected]
• Email reader
• Pine
(unix environment)
• Outlook
(windows environment)
• Netscape Messengger (windows environment)
• Eudora
(windows environment)
• Pegasus
(dos/windows environment)
• dll
Main component of email (HEADER)
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From
To
CC
BCC
Subject
ATTACHMENT
(sender)
(receiver)
(carbon copy / tembusan)
(blind carbon copy / tembusan)
(isi subyek dari email)
(sisipan file)
Email Internal Universitas Lampung
• Telnet ke email server menggunakan
• Telnet client (windows XP)
• Server telnet + email : maiser.unila.ac.id
• Web based email
• http://webmail.unila.ac.id server utama
• http://students.unila.ac.id internal webmail
Telnet procedure
• Start  Run  cmd
(untuk menjalankan console
DOS pada windows XP)
• Ketikkan
telnet maiser.unila.ac.id
Virus
• 1949 - Theories for self-replicating programs are first developed
• 1981 - Apple Viruses 1, 2, and 3 are some of the first viruses "in
the wild," or public domain. Found on the Apple II operating syst
em, the viruses spread through Texas A&M via pirated compute
r games.
• 1983 - Fred Cohen, while working on his dissertation, formally d
efines a computer virus as "a computer program that can affect
other computer programs by modifying them in such a way as t
o include a (possibly evolved) copy of itself."
• 1986 - Two programmers named Basit and Amjad replace the e
xecutable code in the boot sector of a floppy disk with their own
code designed to infect each 360kb floppy accessed on any dri
ve. Infected floppies had "© Brain" for a volume label.
Virus (con’t)
• 1988 - Jerusalem, is unleashed. Activated every Friday the
13th, the virus affects both .EXE and .COM files and deletes
any programs run on that day.
• 1990 - Symantec launches Norton AntiVirus, one of the first
anti-virus programs developed by a large company.
• 1991 - Tequila is the first widespread polymorphic virus foun
d in the wild. Polymorphic viruses make detection difficult for
virus scanners by changing their appearance with each new
infection.
• 1992 - 1300 viruses are in existence, an increase of 420% fr
om December of 1990.
Virus (con’t)
• 1999 - The Melissa virus, W97M/Melissa, executes a macro i
n a document attached to an email, which forwards the docu
ment to 50 people in the user's Outlook address book. The vi
rus also infects other Word documents and subsequently ma
ils them out as attachments. Melissa spread faster than any
other previous virus.
• 2000 - The Love Bug, also known as the ILOVEYOU virus, s
ends itself out via Outlook, much like Melissa. The virus com
es as a VBS attachment and deletes files, including MP3, M
P2, and JPG. It also sends usernames and passwords to the
virus' author.
W97M.Resume.A, a new variation of the Melissa virus, is det
ermined to be in the wild. The "resume" virus acts much like
Melissa, using a Word macro to infect Outlook and spread its
elf.
Virus (con’t)
• 2001
• The Anna Kournikova virus, also known as VBS/SST.
• It spreads by sending copies of itself to the entire address book in Micros
oft Outlook.
• It is believed that this virus was created with a so-called virus creation kit,
a program which can enable even a novice programmer to create these
malicious programs.
• The Code Red I and II worms attacked computer networks in July and Augus
t.
• According to Computer Economics they affected over
700,000 computers and caused upwards of 2 billion in
damages.
• A worm spreads through external and (then) internal computer networks,
as opposed to a virus which infects computers via email and certain web
sites.
• Code Red took advantage of a vulnerability in Microsoft's Windows 2000
and Windows NT server software.
• Microsoft developed a patch to protect networks against the worm, and a
dmits that they too were attacked. Other major companies affected includ
e AT&T, and the AP.
Virus (con’t)
• 2004 - Trojan.Xombe, Randex, Bizex, Witty, MP3Concept, Sas
ser, Mac OS X, W64.Rugrat.3344, Symb/Cabir-A, JS/Scob-A, W
CE/Duts-A, W32/Amus-A,
• 2004 - social engineering taking the lead in propagation technique
s. Trojan.Xombe was sent out to a wide audience.
• It posed as a message from Microsoft Windows Update asking
you to run the attached revision to XP Service Pack 1.
• In February it was demonstrated that virus writers were starting to
ply their craft for money. A German magazine managed to buy a li
st of infected IP addresses from a distributor of the virus Randex.
These IP addresses were for sale to spammers who could use the
infected machines as mail zombies.
• In April saw the Sasser worm which is the first to effectively use th
e LSASS Windows vulnerability; a vulnerability that allowed the wo
rm to spread via an open FTP port instead of through E-mail
• In June Symb/Cabir-A appeared to infect Nokia Series 60 mobile p
hones. The worm is designed to spread to nearby Bluetooth-enabl
ed devices.
Virus (con’t)
• 2005 - Bropia, Troj/BankAsh, Commwarrior, Chod
• In 2005 the end of January saw the Bropia Worm which targets
MSN Messenger for spreading.
• The 9th of February then saw Troj/BankAsh, the first Trojan to a
ttack the new (still in beta) Microsoft AntiSpyware product.
• This Trojan also was reported to go after various British on-line
banking services.
• The start of March saw distribution of another mobile phone wor
m: Commwarrior, which spread via MMS messaging.
• The end of March/start of April saw variants of Chod appear. Th
is is a sophisticated worm that spreads via E-mail and the MSN
Messaging client.
Virus (Con’t)