Transcript A Changing World and Early Exploration

A Changing World and
Early Exploration
Chapter 1, Sections 3 and 4
The Rise of Trade

Between 1 A.D. and 1000 A.D. Africa and
China become world leaders in trade.
African Trade Goods
GOLD
African Trade Goods
SALT
African Trade Goods
IVORY
Chinese Trade Goods
SILK
Chinese Trade Goods
SPICES
Chinese Trade Goods
JADE
TRADE
 Middle
East becomes a center of trade.
European Religions


Judaism: First major world religion
that taught monotheism, belief in one
God. People who follow the Hebrew
Bible and the teachings of Moses and
the Ten Commandments.
Christianity: monotheistic Belief in a
Messiah (Savior) Chosen by God.
Christians believe that Jesus of
Nazareth was the Messiah.
Middle Eastern Religion


Islam: emerged on the Arab
peninsula around 600AD. It was
founded by Muhammad. Muslims use
the Quran as their sacred book. Like
Christianity and Judaism, followers of
Islam believe that there is only one
god.
The growth in trade in the Middle
East also lead to a rise in Islam.
Expanding Horizons


In 1095, Europeans launched a series of
expeditions known as the Crusades.
The Crusades were a European Christian
attempt to regain the “Holy Land” (current day
Israel) from Muslims.
MUSLIM KNIGHTS
EUROPEAN KNIGHTS
Expanding Horizons

Additional pictures of the Crusades.
Expanding Horizons



While in the Middle East European soldiers
traded with Arab merchants.
European soldiers returned home and told
stories of sugar, silk and other goods from China
and India.
The Crusades exposed Europe to new ideas,
TRADE, and possibilities.
The Growth of Trade and Ideas



European merchants realized they could make a
fortune selling goods from Asia and India.
European merchants would buy goods from
Arab traders.
Europeans would have to send purchased items
overland by caravans to the Mediterranean Sea
and then by ships to Italian ports.
Marco Polo


One of these merchants was a man named
Marco Polo. In 1271, he set off from Venice,
Italy on a great trek across Asia to China.
He traveled to China on camelback. It took him
three years to reach China. When he finally
reached the palace of Kublai Khan (emperor of
China) he had traveled a total of 7,000 miles.
Marco Polo

Picture of a young Marco Polo.
Marco Polo




Why was Marco Polo important to history?
After 17 years Marco Polo returns to Europe.
He brings back lavish items such as silk,
cinnamon, spices, and perfumes.
Europeans instantly fall in love with these new
found Asian treasures.
In 1296 Marco Polo writes a book entitled
“Travels” which talked about the marvels of Asia.
Marco Polo
 Marco
Polo’s book “Travels”
would later inspire people such
as Christopher Columbus who
would try to find a quicker route
to Asia.
The Growth of Trade and Ideas

Map of the Mediterranean Sea
The Growth of Trade and Ideas
 As
the demand for Asian goods
increased, Europeans began
looking for a route to the East
(Asia).
 What would be the benefit of
finding a new route to Asia?
The Growth of Trade and Ideas

Silk Road: 5,000 mile route in which goods
from China would be sent to the Middle East.
How Precious Goods Got To
Europe
Asian merchants (from China and India) would send valuable items across land
to the Middle East via the “Silk Road”.
Arab merchants would purchase these luxury items from Asian merchants.
Arab merchants would sell these same items to European merchants who
delivered the items to Europe via caravans, ship and the Mediterranean Sea.
European merchants would then sell these items to the citizens of European
countries as well as monarchs (kings and queens).
The Growth of Trade and Ideas

So here is the big question:
How and why did
this type of trade
inspire exploration?
The Growth of Trade and Ideas




European merchants and monarchs wanted more of
the good stuff!
European merchants and monarchs wanted to get the
good stuff more efficiently!
European merchants and monarchs wanted to get the
good stuff at a cheaper price!
European merchants and monarchs wanted to get filthy
stinkin rich!!!
Renaissance


In the 1300’s Europe
experienced a
Renaissance. A
renaissance is a “rebirth”
or renewed interest in
classical learning.
Because of this
renaissance people created
new ideas and wanted to
learn more about the
world.
Powerful Nations Emerge

During the 1400’s Europe experienced an
increase in population. Merchants and bankers
wanted to extend their business through foreign
trade.
New Technology

Printing Press:
Allowed
information to be
communicated
faster and to
larger
populations
Astrolabe: allowed
sailors to navigate their
ships by determining
their latitude at sea by
measuring the position
of the stars.
The Impact of Technology

Caravel: a ship developed by the Portuguese.
The caravel had three sails, was faster and could
carry more cargo than previous ships.
Protestant Reformation






The Protestant Reformation was a move against the Catholic
Church.
Many individuals believed the Catholic Church was becoming
corrupt and sought an alternative way to worship.
The corruption in the Catholic Church was put on display by
Martin Luther.
In the 1500’s people had divided ideas about religion. European
nations became divided into Catholics and Protestants.
Eventually, Spanish and French Catholics would work to spread
their faith to Native Americans.
Dutch and English Protestants would establish colonies along
the Atlantic coast in an effort to practice their beliefs in peace.
Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther
Powerful Nations Emerge
 By
1400 strong monarchs (kings
and queens) come into power in
Spain, Portugal, England and
France.
 Kings and Queens wanted to
increase their land holding.
Seeking New Trade Routes

Interesting Information: The maps that
Christopher Columbus and other early
European explorers used did not include
America. At this time they did not realize that
North America and South America even existed.
Early maps showed only three continents;
Europe, Asia and Africa.
Seeking New Trade Routes



Portugal was the first European country to
explore the boundaries of the known world.
The country’s rulers wanted to find a new route
to China and India.
In addition, European countries, such as
Portugal, began sending ships around the west
coast of Africa.
Early Portuguese Expeditions


Bartolomeu Dias: was the first individual to sail
around the southern tip of Africa.
Vasco da Gama: Da Gama sailed around the
coast of Africa and eventually found an eastern
sea route to Asia
Early Portuguese Expeditions

The path of Vasco Da Gama