Transcript Colonization of The New World

The Role of Imperialism and
Economics in The
Colonization of The New
World
Imperialism
Imperialism – is a type of competition; however it
consists of competition involving the acquisition of
land around the world.
- There have been various competitors involved in the
competition such as: Spain, Portugal, France, and
England.
- This competition has mainly been fueled by
Economics.
What is Economics?
• Economics- is the study of choice under the
condition of scarcity.
• Scarcity- means that there is not an unlimited
amount of an item
• Name a few scarce resources.
The Four Economic Resources
• 1.) Natural Resources – Items from the earth such as: land,
iron, oil, water, soil
• 2.) Capital Resources – Something that is long lasting and
is used to produce other goods (computer, pizza oven,
power drill)
• 3.) Human Resources – Relates to labor, which is the time
human beings spend producing goods and services.
• 4.) Entrepreneurship – An individual’s ability to apply all of
these resources in order to create a successful business.
Pictures of Resources (What Type
Are They)
How Are Economics and
Imperialism Related???
• During the fifteenth century, several countries
were in search of scarce resources such as silk,
spices, gems, and tea. Later on they would be
looking for human resources.
• These countries such as Spain and Portugal
wanted to originally take over an area called the
Indies: India, China, & Japan.
• These countries had a couple of choices: 1.) stay in
their country; 2.) colonize the Indies.
Continued
• The countries chose to
colonize the Indies in
order to acquire scarce
resources.
• Opportunity Cost –
refers to the second best
alternative when we
make a choice.
The Discovery of A New Land
• Since the countries
decided to go with
colonizing the Indies,
they thought that they
could find an alternate
route that would be
quicker.
• They ended up
discovering a brand
new land known as the
New World or America.
Spain’s Claim To The New World
• During the fifteenth century, Spain was
interested in the Indies because of their
resources
• North and South America were not known to
have existed at that time.
• Spain and other countries wanted a direct
route to the Indies so they could trade and
acquire resources.
Spain’s Claim To The New World
• An Italian explorer named Columbus
wanted to take the challenge and go to the
Indies.
• Columbus was financed by Queen Isabella
& King Ferdinand of Spain. (Portugal
denied his request)
Christopher Columbus’ Routes
Columbus (Cont.)
• October 12, 1492, Columbus and his men reached
land; they thought that they had reached the
Indies.
• Amerigo Vespucci – believed that Columbus found
a New World
• The New World that Columbus found was actually
North America. What Island did he land on????
Prince Henry the Navigator
• He was a Portuguese
Royal Prince, soldier, and
patron of explorers.
• About 1418, Prince Henry
started the first school for
oceanic navigation along
with an astronomical
observatory
– People were trained in
nagivation, map-making,
and science
Spain vs. Portugal : Who Will Get
The New World?
• Portugal was also
searching for an
eastern route to the
Indies.
• Ferdinand Magellan,
Prince Henry, & Vasco de
Gama were all Portugese
citizens looking for gold
and spices.
• Since both countries
were Catholic and
claimed the New
World, Pope Alexander
VI created the Line of
Demarcation
– Portugal would get all
lands east of the line;
Spain would get the
land to the West.
England joins the exploration race
• English merchants wanted access to the
New World
• 1497 – John Cabot sailed from England to
the northeastern coast of North America
• 1498 – Second exploration  possibly made
it as far south as the Carolinas, Georgia or
even northern Florida
John Cabot’s route
Vasco da Gama
• Was from and sailed
for Portugual
• First to round the Cape
of Good Hope
(Southern Africa)
Routes of Exploration
God, Glory, & Gold
• Spain had three motives in colonizing the New
World: God, Glory, & Gold
• Juan Ponce de Leon – Searched for riches and
adventure, and a fountain of youth. He found a
piece of land N. of Cuba (1513)
• Leon named this land La Florida (Island of
Flowers). Eight years later, Leon was killed by
Native Americans in Florida.
Juan Ponce de Leon
Magellan circles the world
• Ferdinand Magellan first explorer to
CIRCUMNAVIGATE the world
– That is to circle the globe
• Go to “favorites” for map
Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon
• In 1504 Lucas Vasquez de
Ayllon owned a plantation
in Hispaniola.
• When a lot of his slaves
died, he was granted
permission from the King
of Spain to colonize La
Florida.
• July of 1526, 600 settlers set
off for La Florida.
First European Settlement in Ga.
• They stopped near
McIntosh Co., GA.
• Set up the first Spanish
colony in GA: San Miguel
de Gualdape.
• The colony was a disaster
due to: cold weather, slave
rebellions, Ayllon’s death,
and Native resistance.
Hernando de Soto Explores Ga.
• Hernando de Soto – influential in the conquering
of Peru, and gaining gold and silver.
• King of Spain granted de Soto 18 months and 600
miles of land to explore Florida.
• De Soto’s objectives were to acquire gold &
conquer the natives.
Hernando de Soto Explores Ga.
• In 1540, De Soto and his
men marched from Florida
to Ga.
• They encountered
Mississippian Indians who
were astonished at the
guns, horses, and armor of
the Spanish.
• The expedition was a
failure due to the lack of
food and failure to find
gold. (4 years)
Hernando de Soto’s route
The Fate of Georgia’s Natives
• How did the Spanish colonists
impact natives from GA?
• 1.) Natives were forced into
slavery.
• 2.) Natives were killed and
tortured.
• 3.) Natives were involved in the
Columbian Exchange – The
exposure and exchange of
deadly diseases.
Giovanni de Verranzano
• Verranzano was Italian
but he explored for
France
– France claimed much
of the southeast based
on his findings
• One of the first
Europeans to explore
the east coast
Jean Ribault (France)
• Jean Ribault (Jahn Re-bow) and 150
Huguenots (French Protestants) established
Port Royal and built Charles Fort north of
present-day Savannah
– First European fort on North American
mainland
• Famine and other hardships forced them to abandon
the settlement
Pedro Mendez (Spain)
• 1565 – Mendez and a large force of soldiers
sent to drive out the French
– Raid French Fort Caroline in Florida and
execute the Huguenots
• Establishes St. Augustine
– Spain’s first successful settlement in N. America
Guale
&
Mocoma
• Missions (Churches)
built to convert
Indians to Christianity
• Friars – Church
missionaries
• Area separated into
– Guale (north)
• between Savannah &
Altamaha Rivers
– Mocoma (south)
• Between Altamaha & St.
Mary’s River
Sir Francis Drake
• England wants land in
America
• English Captain Drake
attacks & burns St.
Augustine in 1586
– Fighting lasts for 20
years until Spain and
England sign a peace
treaty
– England ready to claim
land in America
The End