Transcript Arab Academy for Science and Technology AAGSB

Arab Academy for Science
and Technology
AAGSB
Management Information systems
&
E-Business Course
Course Syllabus
Course
• Course Title: Management Information
Systems and E-Business
• Pre-requisite: None
• Time: Sundays from 6:30 to 9:30 PM
• Course Web Page
http://www.mahoudyoussef.com/aagsb/mba/mis
Instructor
• Name: Mahmoud Youssef, PhD
• Current Position: Chairman, E-Commerce
Department, AAST.
• Education:
– PhD (Information Technology): Rutgers, the State
University of New Jersey.
– MBA: Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey.
– MBA (MIS): AAGSB
– B.Sc. (Engineering): Alexandria University
• Work Experience: Network Engineer, World
Health Organization’s Regional Office.
Instructor Cont’d
• Email: youssefm13@gmail
– Please put your name, and the course name
in each email.
– Please do not send me personal emails using
this address.
• Personal Web Page:
http://www.mahmoudyoussef.com/
You will find a link to the course on this
page.
Study Materials
• Textbooks:
– Essentials of Business Information Systems
(7th Edition), Kenneth C. Laudon and Jane P.
Laudon, Pearson Prentice Hall.
– Management Information Systems (8th
Edition), Raymond McLeod, and George
Schell.
– Introduction to e-commerce (2nd Edition),
Jeffery Rayport, and Bernard Jaworski,
ISBN:0-07-255347-2
Study Materials Cont’d
• Lecture Notes:
– Provide by the instructor
– These notes should be augmented by your own notes from the
class.
– Any additional materials discussed in the class are required
unless otherwise specified.
• PowerPoint:
– Provided by the instructor
– These presentations are not enough as study materials.
• Practice Questions:
– The instructor will post sample questions for practice for the
exams on the course Website.
Grade Breakdown
• Midterm Exam: 35%
• Final Exam: 35% (Non- Cumulative)
• Class Participaion:15%
– This part will include attendancde and
participation in discusions on reading
assignments.
• Term Project: 15%
Project Requirements
The project can be one of the following activities:
• A Term Paper. Only one student can participate in a term
paper. See paper requirements on the course website.
• A Business Plan: Up to three students can participate in
developing a business model. This will be covered very
late in the course.
• A presentation of a paper:
– A student may opt to present a paper from a list of papers provided by the
instructor (on the course Website). Only one student can present the
same topic.
– Typically these papers are large and require careful reading.
– The student is expected to fully understand the paper, prepare a 15
minutes presentation on it, and be ready to answer questions during the
presentation. Such presentations will be part of the midterm and final
exams.
Please introduce yourself
•
•
•
•
Your Name
Your Current Job
Your Undergraduate Degree
Any Other relevant Information
Introduction to Computers,
Networks, and Databases
By
Mahmoud Youssef, PhD
What is a computer?
A machine that, under a program’s
direction, performs four basic operations:
input, processing, output, and storage
What is a program?
A list of instructions that tells a
computer how to perform the four basic
operations
What is input?
Data entered into the computer
system for processing
Electrical impulses representing
words, numbers, images, or sounds
What is processing?
Performing arithmetic or
comparison (logical) operations on
the data
Arithmetic
Logic
4 + 16 =
728 > 546
20
What is output?
Showing the results of the
processing operation in a way
people can understand
What is storage?
Saving the data or output so
that it can be used again later
What are the computer’s physical components?
HARDWARE
Input devices- Enable users to put data into the
computer for processing
Processing circuitry- Components located in
the system’s case that transform data into
information
Output devices- Peripherals that show the
results of processing
Storage devices- Used to hold all the programs
and data that the computer uses
Communication Devices- Used to move data
between computers
What are input devices?
Mouse- pointing device
Keyboard
Microphonespeech-recognition
What are processing devices?
Motherboard
Expansion card
Central Processing Unit- CPU
Random Access
Memory- RAM
What are output devices?
Monitor
Printer
Speakers
What are storage devices ?
Micro Drive
Floppy Disk Drive
CD / DVD
Drive
Zip Drive
Jazz
Drive
Hard Drive
Tape
Drive
What are communications devices ?
Modem
Network Interface
Card- NIC
What are the different types of computers?
Desktop- PC, Microcomputer
Workstation
Supercomputer
Mainframe
Minicomputer
Server
Notebook- Laptop
Personal Digital
Assistant- PDA,
Handheld, Pocket PC
What is software?
Programs that give the computer’s
hardware its step-by-step instructions
What are the different types of software?
System software- All programs that
help the computer function properly
Application software- All the programs
you use to perform a task such as writing
a letter or browsing the World Wide Web
System software
Application software
What is an operating system?
System software that . . .
Coordinates the various functions of the
computer’s hardware
Provide support for running application
software
Provide utility programs for optimizing
computer performance
What are the types of operating systems?
Command-line interface- Users type
instructions at the keyboard, one line at a time.
Examples MS-DOS, PC DOS, UNIX
Graphical user interface (GUI)- Users choose
items from menus by using a pointing device
to click on icons which represent resources
and commands. Examples Windows, Mac OS
Command-line interface
Graphical user interface (GUI)-
What is a software suite?
A collection of full featured standalone
programs that usually share a common
command structure and have similar
interfaces
MS WORD
MS EXCEL
MS ACCESS
MS POWERPOINT
MS FRONT PAGE
What is the internet?
A world-spanning computer network
Core Network
Concepts
Major Network Categories
• Major Network Types
– The Global Internet
– Internal Corporate Networks
– The Worldwide Telephone System
Major Network Categories
• Telecommunications Spans Two
Concerns
– Voice and Video Communication vs
– Data Communication
• At least one party is a computer
– The two are converging
Telecommunications
Voice and
Video
Data
Communication
Network
• A network is a system of hardware,
software and transmission components
that collectively allow two application
programs on two different stations
connected to the network to communicate
well.
Elements of a Network
Application
Application
Frame
Networks connect applications
on different stations
Elements of a Network
Frame
Client
Station
Mobile Client
Station
Server
Station
Stations are computers
and other devices
such as cellphones and PDAs
Server
Station
Elements of a Network
Frame
Client
Station
Mobile Client
Station
Server
Station
Stations communicate by
sending messages called
Frames
Server
Station
Elements of a Network
Frame
Switch
Switch
Switch
Switch
Frames may pass
through multiple switches
Elements of a Network
Access links connect
stations to the
first switch
Usually copper wire
Increasingly, radio links
Access
Link
Access
Link
Access
Link
Access
Link
Elements of a Network
Trunk
Link
Trunk
Link
Trunk Link
Trunk links
connect switches
Higher capacity
than access links
Often optical
fiber
Trunk
Link
Trunk
Link
Network Elements: Recap
•
•
•
•
•
•
Applications
Stations
Frames
Switches
Access Links
Trunk Links
Client/Server Architecture
Usually, two types of stations
Clients and Servers
Server
Client PC
Request
Response
Network
Clients
Receive
Services
Servers
Provide
Services
Servers
PC
Server
Standard PC
Microprocessor
Network Operating Systems
Microsoft Windows Server
Novell Network
LINUX
Servers
Fast (and Expensive)
Custom-Built Microprocessor
UNIX Operating System
Workstation
Server
Fastest Servers
Ultra-Reliable
Specialized Operating
System
Mainframe
Server
Packet Switching
Original Message
Packet
Switch
Computer X
A
Packet
B
1. Break message into
Smaller packets
AKA frames
C
Switching
Decision
E
D
2. Route packets individually
Computer Y
F
Packet Switching
• Packet Switching Reduces Trunk Line
Costs
– Packets from several conversations are
multiplexed on trunk lines
– Each conversation only pays for the capacity
it uses
Trunk Link
Packet from A to B
Packet from C to D
Geographic Scope
• Local Area Network (LAN)
– Limited geographical distance: home, office,
building, campus, industrial part
– Customer premises operation
• User firm chooses technology
• User firm needs to manage on ongoing basis
– Low cost per bit transmitted
• Companies can afford high speed
• 100 Mbps to the desktop is typical
Geographic Scope
• Wide Area Network (WAN)
WAN
– To link sites
• Long distances
– Requires the use of carriers to provide
service
• Limited and complex choices but carrier manages
– High cost per bit transmitted
• Companies cannot afford high speeds
• Usually low speed (56 kbps to a few megabits per
second)
Geographic Scope
• Other Distinctions
– Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
• Single urban area (city and its suburbs)
• Faster than long-distance WANs
– Personal Area Network (PAN)
• A person’s body or desk area
– Storage Area Network (SAN)
• To link servers to storage devices
Internet
• An internet is a group of networks linked
together with routers in a way that
allows an application program on any
station on any network in the internet to
be able to communicate with an
application program on another station
on any other network.
Network 1
Network 2
Packets and Frames
• Messages in Single Networks are Called
Frames
• Messages in Internets are Called Packets
Frames and Packets
• Like passing a shipment (the packet) from a
truck (frame) to an airplane (frame) at an
Receiver airport.
Shipper
Same
Shipment
Truck
Airport
Airport
Truck
Airplane
The Internet
Browser
The global Internet has
thousands of networks
Webserver
Software
Network
Packet
Router
Packet
Route
Router
Router
Packet
The Internet
Browser
Webserver
Software
Network
Packet
Router
Packet
Route
Router
Router
Packet
User PC
(Host)
IP Address=128.150.50.9
Webserver
(Host)
IP Address=128.171.17.13
Host name=voyager.cba.hawaii.edu
Host Addresses and Host
Names
• Host IP Address
– Official address of host on the Internet
– Every host must have an IP address,
including client PCs and PDAs
– 32 bits long
– Often expressed in dotted Decimal
Notation for human reading (e.g.,
128.171.17.13)
– Hosts and routers work with 32-bit binary
form
IP Address: 128.171.17.13
Databases
What is a Database ?
• A Database (DB) is collection of related data - with the following
properties
– A DB is designed, built and populated with data for a
specific purpose
– A DB represents some aspect of the real world.
– Self-Describing: A database maintains a description
of the data it contains (Catalog)
– Related: Data has some relationship to one another,
e.g., e.g.: Information stored in an University
 Students, Courses, Faculty, Students taking courses, Faculty
teaching courses, ....
A Database System
Components
• The Database
• Database Management
System (DBMS)
• Application Programs
Users
DBS
Application Programs
Query and transaction Processing
Management of Stored Data
Meta-data
DBMS
Database
Database Management
System (DBMS)
• A set of programs that are used to:
– Define, construct, maintain and manipulate data in a database.
– Enable one or more users create and concurrently access data
in a database.
– Manage user requests, so that users and programs are free
from having to understand where the data is physically located
on storage media and who else may also be accessing the data.
• The most commonly used DBMS is a relational database
management system (RDBMS). Examples: Access,
Oracle, DB2
• A standard user and program interface to a DBMS is the
Structured Query Language (SQL).
Advantages of a DBMS
• Data Consistency and Integrity - by controlling access
and minimizing data duplication
• Application program independence - by storing data in a
uniform fashion
• Data Sharing (concurrency control) - by controlling
access to data items, many users can access data
concurrently
• Backup and Recovery
• Security and Privacy
• Multiple views of data
Contents of a Database
• A Database contains:
–
–
–
–
User Data
Metadata
Indexes
Applications
User Data
• End-users work directly with the DBMS by entering, updating and
viewing the data. Typically they would use a query language (SQL)
• In a relational DB, data will be generally stored in tables with some
relationships between tables.
• Each table has one or more columns (attributes).
• For example, below is a bank account table.
Customer ID
1001
1001
1002
1003
1003
1004
1004
Acct Number
9987
9980
8811
4422
4432
3294
5445
Acct Type
Checking
Savings
Savings
Checking
Savings
Savings
Checking
Date Opened
10/12/1998
10/12/1998
1/5/1999
10/1/2000
12/11/2000
8/22/1997
11/13/1996
Balance
4000.00
2000.00
10000.00
6000.00
9000.00
500.00
800.00
Metadata
• Data about data.
• Data that describes how user’s data are stored in terms
of table name, column name, data type, length, primary
keys, etc.
• Metadata are typically stored in System tables and are
typically only directly accessible by the DBMS or by the
system administrator.
• For example, the metadata for the bank account table,
could be:
Indexes
• Allow users to access a specific record without having to search
through the entire table
– For example, indexes would be used to find all customers who
opened the account before 01/01/2000. In this case the bank account
table is indexed on date opened attribute (see below)
• Indexes provide efficient data access on one hand, but are
expensive to maintain: Updating data requires an extra step:
Index(s) must also be updated.
Customer ID
1004
1004
1001
1001
1002
1003
1003
Acct Number
5445
3294
9987
9980
8811
4422
4432
Acct Type
Checking
Savings
Checking
Savings
Savings
Checking
Savings
Date Opened
11/13/1996
8/22/1997
10/12/1998
10/12/1998
1/5/1999
10/1/2000
12/11/2000
Balance
800.00
500.00
4000.00
2000.00
10000.00
6000.00
9000.00
Forms/Report
Generators/Application Programs
• Many DBMS have the capability to handle forms (for users to
enter/access/update data), reports, and other application
components.
– Report is an organized representation, designed to be printed, of
the information in your tables or queries. You can create a report
from a single table or from a query of two or more tables
– Query allows you to ask questions of your information. Database
management system, such as Microsoft Access would use your
questions to generate a subset of he data in your database.
– Form is a convenient way to enter or find information in tables.
• Applications are various programs written in various languages
to access and manipulate the data. Each application is
designed for a specific aspect of a given functional area, e.g.,
payroll application, accounting, etc.
Data Modeling and Database
Design
• Database Schema: The structure of a database that:
– Represents data elements, data types, relationships among data
elements, and constraints on data
– Is independent of any application program
– Typically, changes infrequently
• Data Model:
– A set of primitives for defining the structure of a database.
– A set of operations for specifying retrieval, and updates on a database.