Transcript IPv6: Public Relations

Interoperability: Key link to
deployment
Gopi Garge
IPv6 Forum India and
IISC-ERNET, India
[email protected]
Deployment
• Needs customer demand
– Does customer really know/care about IPv6?
• Must be clear benefits
– Must be simple to use
– Must offer significant advantages
• Vendors are developing IPv6 solutions
– Host, router and mobile devices
IPv6 Deployment Strategies
• Plan A: Driven by new applications
– 3GPP/UMTS - mobile IPv6 handsets
– Home networking - plug and play devices
– Metering - utility services
• Plan B: Transition of existing Internet
– IPv4 and IPv6 must co-exist
– access IPv4 applications from IPv6 networks
• and vice-versa
IPv6 over MPLS
IPv4 Enterprise
IPv6 Enterprise
IPv6 Enterprise
CE
Router
Service Provider
MPLS Backbone
IPv6 Enterprise
Translating
Gateway
IP Mobility and Access
• IPv6 enables a mobile information society
– end-to-end security/transparency with QoS
• Key benefit is global reachability
– scalable mobile IP methods
• Run over multiple media
– WaveLAN, IR, Bluetooth, Ethernet, 3G
WAP & Mobile
• WAP geared for mobile PDA devices
• IPv6 enables unique global IP addressing
– thus all devices/handsets addressable with IP
• 3GPP partners building All-IP core networks
– e.g. Nokia
• UMTS handsets may run IPv6
– e.g. Ericsson multimedia handsets
Standards bodies
• Internet Engineering Task Force
– Defining Internet (including IP) standards
– Led by implementations, very open
• ITU, ETSI (and 3GPP)
– Defining 3G mobile
– Driven more “by committee”
• Both work, but need to work together for 3G
IPv6 Standards Status
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Core IETF specifications already completed
Many (inter)national deployments exist
Vendors are delivering commercial support
ISPs are rolling out commercial services
3GPP has adopted IPv6
Real IPv6 address space is being assigned
IPv6 Platforms
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Solaris 8: with IPv6 since March 2000
Windows 2000: preview released Oct 2000
FreeBSD: IPv6 as standard in FreeBSD4.1
Linux: IPv6 packages available
Compaq: Tru64 Unix v5.1 includes IPv6
IBM: AIX 4.3
HP: HP/UX 11.0
Building IPv6 applications
• New applications
– Enabled by global reachability
– Following peer-to-peer model
– Might possibly be “standalone”
• Porting existing applications
– Use new IPv6 APIs
– Already quite well-defined
– New API extensions under development
New IPv6 apps?
• Need (real-time) end-to-end services
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Access to databases and directory services
Tailored, seamless services, per user
Location-based user interface
Migrating agent services
Access to home network equipment
High performance visualisation experiments
• Telephony, video streaming
– Available anywhere, anytime
IPv6 APIs
• Need APIs to develop applications!
• Solaris, Linux, KAME
– use C
– Sun’s “socket scrubber” is a handy tool
• http://www.sun.com/solaris/ipv6/
• Many Web/Internet applications use Java
– awaiting IPv6-enabled Java from Sun
The Quake API test
– Took 32 hours for 2 programmers from Viagenie
(Canada) to retrieve the source, find where to
make changes, code the changes, setup a public
Quake server and play the first Quake game over
IPv6.
– http://www.viagenie.qc.ca/en/ipv6/quake/ipv6-quake.shtml
IPv6 Routers
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Cisco IOS: commercial version January 2001
Telebit: first commercial router, TBC2000
FreeBSD 3.5 or 4.1 (KAME stack)
Zebra (GNU router project)
3Com Netbuilder II
Hitachi NR60, GR2000
Bay Networks
Core applications
• DNS
– BIND 9 offers native IPv6 DNS lookups
– Viagenie preparing IPv6 root name server
• World Wide Web
– Apache server
– MSIE, Netscape, Mozilla and Lynx browsers.
• E-mail
– Sendmail 8.10 has IPv6 built-in, as does qmail.
IPv6 Deployments
• Commercial ISPs
– IIJ, NTT, BT
• International deployments
– 6bone, WIDE (Japan), Internet 2 (US/Canada)
• European academic networks
– JANET, DFN, Surfnet, ACONet, Renater
• European projects
– 6INIT, GTPv6
6bone stats (Summer 2000)
• Now in 46 countries
AR,
FI,
LT,
SI,
AU,
FR,
MY,
ZA,
AT,
DE,
MX,
ES,
BE,
GR,
NL,
SE,
BR,
HK,
NZ,
CH,
BG,
HU,
NO,
TW,
CM,
IN,
PL,
UA,
CA,
IE,
PT,
UK,
CN,
IT,
RO,
US,
CZ, DK, EE,
JP, KZ, KR,
RU, SG, SK,
UY
• 571 networks/sites
135 US, 66 DE, 38 JP, 28 FR, 28 UK, 20 SE, 10
CN, 9 RU, 4 MX etc.
• 68 pTLA’s (backbone tier ISPs)
recent additions:
UUNET and Deutsche Telekom
• 12 partner EU project (Jan’00 - Apr’01)
– Pan-European deployment, 5 regional clusters
– www.6init.org
• Applications:
– stock exchange, news-on-demand, streaming
• IPv4/IPv6 integration issues
• Also deploying:
– QoS (DiffServ), IPsec (FreeSWAN), VoIPv6 (SIP)
– 6WINIT wireless follow-up project
6INIT clusters
UK
NAT
PT
Scandinavia
BT, UoS,
NTT, Telscom
Telia, Telebit,
Netmedia,
erFP
NAT
PT
BT IPv6
Exchange
Tunnels
Internet
Native IPv6
Canada
NAT
PT
Germany
France
Thomson,
Renata II
Greece
Intracom
T-Nova, IABG
NTT, CRC
NAT
PT
Transition from IPv4 to IPv6
• IPv4/IPv6 interworking
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IPv6-in-IPv4 tunnels
Automated tunnel brokers, e.g. www.freenet6.net
NAT/PT and Ultima (BT)
Dual stack IPv4 and IPv6
• easier if you have enough IPv4 addresses
– Proxy methods
– DSTM, 6to4, 6over4, ...
• Different scenarios require different tools
IPv6 in IPv4 tunnels
• Encapsulates IPv6 in IPv4
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Thus uses IPv4 routing/properties
Loses special IPv6 features in doing so
But can run over existing Internet
Much of the 6bone is tunnelled not native IPv6
Similar concept to the Mbone tunnelling of
multicast
• Requires a hole in firewall
– To allow through Protocol 41 (IP in IP)
– (IPv6 firewalls are scarce right now)
Tunnel brokers
• If a manually configured tunnel is not possible
– Perhaps admin at site won’t configure on router
– Can dynamically gain tunnel to a “tunnel server”
– Server responds to Web request with commands
to run on the local host (or a script)
– Has problem of authentication of broker user
– If using dialup, your IPv4 address probably
changes with each session
– Best example is www.freenet6.net (Viagenie)
– Has scaling issues
NAT-PT
• Is similar in style to NAT
– But translates protocol IPv4-IPv6 as well
– Allows island of IPv6-only devices to communicate
to an IPv4 external network
– Developed by BT (George Tsirtsis et al)
– Has scaling issues, and DNS issues
• Ultima allows two IPv6-only islands to
communicate over an IPv4 netwok
Dual stack
• Probably the easiest
– Will require IPv6 routes to/from network
– All devices run IPv4 and IPv6 stacks
– Assumes enough IPv4 addresses
• Thus suitable at a University, but probably not a small business
– Needs care over security issues
• Commonplace “solution”
Proxy methods
• Abstracts integration to application layer
• e.g. a Web cache
– Runs both IPv4 and IPv6
– Can relay requests between protocols as required
– Seen as acceptable given current usage
• Can also do e-mail and other services
– But only a medium term answer
6to4
• Allows IPv6 network to exist behind a single
IPv4 address
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Uses special 2002::/16 prefix
Next 32 bits are the IPv4 address
Requires router knowledge of 6to4 prefixes
6to4 router can establish IPv4 endpoint of required
tunnel from “IPv4” part of the address
– e.g. an IPv6 network “hidden” behind 84.78.64.32
would be 2002:544e:4020::/48
Best method?
• No ideal solution in all cases
– Single user may like tunnel broker
– University may run dual stack with native IPv6
route from disjoint IPv6 exit router
– Small business might prefer 6to4
• Full analysis of these and other methods is
required…
Southampton IPv6
Lancaster
UCL
BT
Bermuda
IPv6 Network
QTPv6
3ffe:803c:80::/48
2001:0630:1fff::/48
Telebit TBC2000
3ffe:803c:200::/64
3ffe:803c:80:100::/56
FreeBSD router
3ffe:803c:80:110::/60
3ffe:803c:80:111::/64
www.6init.org
3ffe:803c:80:120::/60
3ffe:803c:80:121::/64
IPv6 deployment barriers
• Cost is most significant factor
– but not so much for new applications
• Need confidence in technology
– pilots: WIDE, vBNS, NTT, 6INIT
• Need clear benefits
– manageability
– scalability
• IPv4 “does the job”
– but will it in 5 years, and then what cost?
Conclusions
• Commerical IPv6 products are here
– Widespread deployment is not
• Business case can be made
– Depending on the application domain
• Needs major network carrier to deploy
– May be led by Cisco commercial support
• May be easier to deploy new IPv6 apps?
– Integration would then follow by demand
If you’re new to IPv6...
• Read IPv6 Forum articles
• Deploy IPv6 software
– FreeBSD 3.5.1 with KAME stack (www.kame.net)
– excellent for host/router/API trials
• Get connected to the 6bone
– apply for pTLA or use www.freenet6.net
• Track standards bodies
– ipng and ngtrans IETF working groups/e-mail lists
Sites to visit
• IPv6 Forum - http://www.ipv6forum.com
– conference presentations and reports
– implementation and deployment lists
• IETF - http://www.ietf.org
– standards and draft standards
– ipng and ngtrans working groups
• My e-mail: [email protected]