Transcript IP Version 6

IPv6
The Next Generation
Saroj Patil
Nadine Sundquist
Chuck Short
CS622-F2007
University of Colorado, Colorado Springs
Dr. C. Edward Chow
December 5, 2007
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IPv6 New Features
• New header format
• Larger address space
• Efficient and hierarchical addressing and routing
infrastructure
• Stateless and stateful address configuration
• Built-in security – Authentication and Encryption
• New protocol for neighboring node interaction
• Extensibility – Add extension headers
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IPv6 Header
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IPv6 Addressing
• RFC 1884: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1884.txt
• Three types
– Unicast
• Packet delivered to a single interface.
– Anycast
• Packet delivered to the nearest of a set of interfaces.
– Multicast
• Packet delivered to all interfaces in a set.
• Note: Multicast supersedes Broadcast
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Unicast IPv6 Addresses
• Global Addresses: Equivalent of IPv4 addresses and are used
in IPv6.
• Site-local Addresses: Deprecated by the Internet Engineering
Task Force.
• Link-local Addresses: Equivalent of IPv5-based Automatic
Private IP Addressing.
• Unique Local Addresses (local addresses): Replacement of
Site-local Addresses.
• Address Selection Rules
– Source and Destination Address Selection for IPv6
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Addressing Formats
• Three formats
– Preferred
• 8 (16 bit fields), hexedecimal, separated by colons (:)
• 1234:abcd:1234:abcd:1234:abcd:1234:abcd
– Compressed
• Leading zeroes removed
– abcd:0000:0000:0000:0bcd:0000:0000:0000
– abcd::bcd:0:0:0
– Transition
• IPv4- compatible
• IPv4-mapped
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IPv4 and IPv6
•
Dual IP Layer Architecture
Windows Vista and Longhorn
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Dual Stack Architecture
Windows Server 2003 and XP
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IPv6 over IPv4 Tunneling
• The IPv4 Protocol field is set to 41 to indicate an encapsulated
IPv6 packet.
• The Source and Destination fields are set to IPv4 addresses of
the tunnel endpoints.
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Tunnel Configuration Example
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Types of Tunnels
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Configured
– Manual configuration of endpoints
– Typically router-to-router
Automatic
– Intra-site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (ISATAP)
• Used for unicast communication across an IPv4 Intranet.
– 6to4
• Used for unicast communication across the IPv4 Internet.
– Teredo
• Used for unicast communication across the IPv4 Internet over network
address translators (NATs).
– IPv6 Automatic Tunneling
• Used for unicast communication across an IPv4 network that uses public
IPv4 addresses.
– 6over4
• Used for unicast or multicast communication across an IPv4 Intranet.
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Migrating to IPv6
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5.
Upgrade your applications to be independent of IPv6 or
IPv4.
Update the DNS infrastructure to support IPv6 address and
PTR records.
Upgrade hosts to IPv6/IPv4 nodes.
– Hosts must be upgraded to use a dual IP layer or dual IP
stack.
Upgrade routing infrastructure for native IPv6 routing.
Convert IPv6/IPv4 nodes to IPv6-only nodes.
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Lessons Learned
• Windows is more difficult than Fedora to
configure as a router.
• ISATAP router useful if one has complete
control of the IPv4 and IPv6 networks.
• Difficult to unbind Fedora VMWare MAC
address.
• Difficult to create configuration manual due to
conflicting and confusing instructions in the
Internet community.
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Future Work
• Add a 6to4 Tunnel on the test network
connected to the Internet.
• Step-by-step manual explaining how to
configure Fedora Core 7 and Windows Server
2008 (“Longhorn”) in an IPv6 and IPv4
environment.
• Consistent instructions on how to configure a
network that uses different types of tunneling.
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References
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http://www.ciscopress.com
http://www.iana.org/assignments/protocol-numbers
http://technet2.microsoft.com/windowsserver/en/library/b2c271bf-abd1-4218-87a9176dcdd83b1b1033.mspx?mfr=true
http://www.onclick.com/it275/2001/fall/frames.htm
http://www.ip6.com/us/book/
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1981.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2373.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1884.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2893.txt
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb726951.aspx
http://download.microsoft.com/download/e/9/b/e9bd20d3-cc8d-4162-aa603aa3abc2b2e9/IPv6.doc
Leon-Garcia, Alberto and Indra Widjaja. Communication Networks: Fundamental Concepts
and Key Architectures. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York. 2004
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