Transcript Module 1: Introduction to TCP/IP

Bus topology network
1
Data is sent to all computers, but only the destination
computer accepts
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Simple star network
Hub
3
Simple ring network showing logical ring
4
A computer grabs the token and passes
it around the ring
Data
40080865402
Data
5
Hub showing the internal ring and clockwise
token path
6
FDDI uses a dual-ring topology
7
A hub is the central point in a star topology
Hub
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Hybrid hub
Main Hub
9
A break or unplugged cable takes down only the
unplugged computer
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The seven-layer OSI model
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The OSI model showing the layers of protocols
Application Layer
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
12
Initiates a request or accepts a request
Adds formatting, display, and encryption
information to the packet
Adds traffic flow information to determine
when the packet gets sent
Adds error-handling information
Sequencing and address information
is added to the packet
Adds error-checking information and
prepares data for going on to
the physical connection
Packet sent as a bit stream
Project 802 Logical Link Control and Media Access
Control sublayers
13
Communication between the network adapter card
and network software
Virtual communications
Virtual communications
14
A bridge connecting two networks
Segment 1
Bridge
Segment 2
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The routing table keeps track of addresses
Segment 1
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Routing
Table
Bridge
Segment 2
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Routers work at the Network layer
Router
Bridge
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How Networks Send
Data
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Large continuous streams of data slow
down the network
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Breaking data in packets
Data
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Packet components
Header
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Data
Trailer
The complete packet
Application Header
Data
Presentation Header
Session Header
Transport Header
Network Header
Data Link Header
Data Link Trailer (CRC)
Frame Preamble
Packet
22
Packet creation process
Data
23
Data
Introduction to TCP/IP
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What Is TCP/IP?
APANET
commissioned
by DOD
1969
FTP
1973
Telnet
1972
1965
25
TCP/IP
Protocol Suite
1982
1970
TCP
1974
1975
IP
1981
1980
DNS
1984
1985
The Internet Standards Process

The Responsibility of the Internet Society (ISOC)

Governed by the Internet Architecture Board (IAB)

TCP/IP Standards are Published in Request for
Comments

Five Classifications of RFCs

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Required, recommended, elective, limited, use, not
recommended
TCP/IP Utilities
FTP
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TFTP
RCP
Telnet
RSH
REXEC
LPR
LPQ
LPD
PING
IPCONFIG
NSLOOKUP
HOSTNAME
NETSTAT
NBTSTAT
ROUTE
TRACERT
ARP
Finger
Configuring TCP/IP Manually
28
Testing Microsoft TCP/IP with IPCONFIG and PING
Start
1
IPCONFIG
2
Ping 127.0.0.1
(Loopback Address)
3
Ping IP Address of
the Local Host
4
Ping IP Address of
Default Gateway
5
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Ping IP Address of
Remote Host
End
Architectural Overview
of the TCP/IP Protocol
Suite
30
The Microsoft TCP/IP Protocol Suite
Windows® Sockets
Applications
NetBIOS
Applications
Sockets
NetBIOS
NetBIOS over TCP/IP
TCP
ICMP IGMP
LAN Technologies:
Ethernet, Token Ring,
FDDI
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TDI
Transport
UDP
IP
Application
Internet
ARP
WAN Technologies:
Serial Lines, Frame Relay,
ATM
Network
Network Interface Technologies


32
IP Over LAN Technologies

Ethernet

Token ring

ARCnet

FDDI
IP Over WAN Technologies

Serial lines

Packet switched networks
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
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
Successful Mapping of an IP Address to a Hardware
Address

Address Resolution Is the Function of ARP

ARP Uses a Local Broadcast to Obtain a Hardware
Address

Address Mappings Are Stored in a Cache for Future
Reference
Resolving a Local IP Address
ping 131.107.7.29
1
3
ARP Cache
131.107.7.7 08004. . .
ARP Cache
131.107.7.7 08004. . .
131.107.7.28 08004. . .
2
ARP
Broadcast
Hardware Address = 08007. . .
4
IP Address = 131.107.7.28
Hardware Address = 08004. . .
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IP Address = 131.107.7.29
Hardware Address = 08007. . .
Resolving a Remote IP Address
ping 131.107.7.29
4
1
ARP Cache
131.107.7.7 08009. . .
131.107.7.1 08006. . .
ARP Cache
131.107.3.7 08004. . .
ARP
Broadcast for
Router A
131.107.3.1
08005...
ARP Cache
3
B
A Router
2
131.107.7.1
08006...
5
ARP
for Router B
IP Address = 131.107.3.24
Hardware Address = 08004. . .
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IP Address = 131.107.7.29
Hardware Address = 08009. . .
The ARP Cache
Hardware AddressIP Address
FFFFFFFFFFFF131.107.255.255 =
080009654321 =
131.107.3.5
080004321371= 131.107.3.29
080006723111 = 131.107.78.3
080002345621 =
080009654441= 131.107.7.29
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2
131.107.9.4
1
Multimedia Presentation: TCP/IP Architecture
show
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Internet Protocol (IP)

Addresses and Routes Packets

Connectionless

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No session is established

Nonguaranteed “Best Effort” Delivery

Reliability Is the Responsibility of Higher-Layer
Protocols and Applications

Fragments and Reassembles Packets
IP on the Router
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
Decrements the TTL

Fragments Large Packets Into Smaller Packets

Creates a New Header for Each New Packet

Flag

Fragment ID

Fragment offset

Calculates a New Checksum

Obtains the Hardware Address of the Next Router

Forwards the Packet
Ports and Sockets
Application
TFTP
Server
FTP
Server
TCP Ports
20,21
UDP Port
69
Web
Server
TCP Port
80
Web
Browser
TCP Port
1210
Windows Sockets Interface
0 . . . 65536
0 . . . 65536
TCP
Transport
UDP
Internet
IP
Network
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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Connection-oriented


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Session is established before exchanging data
Reliable Delivery

Sequence numbers

Acknowledgments (ACKs)

Byte-Stream Communications

Uses Port Numbers as Endpoints to Communicate
TCP Three-Way Handshake
Application
Application
Data
Transport
Data, ACK
Transport
ACK
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Internet
Internet
Network
Network
Multimedia Presentation: TCP Sliding Windows
show
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User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

Connectionless


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No session is established
Does Not Guarantee Delivery

No sequence numbers

No acknowledgments

Reliability Is the Responsibility of the Application

Uses Port Numbers as Endpoints to Communicate
Viewing and Modifying the ARP Cache
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 Review
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
Network Interface Technologies

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

Internet Protocol (IP)

Ports and Sockets

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)