Transcript Slide 1

• Welcome to Arkansas History
• Chapter 03- Explorers and Invaders
Bell Work
Agenda: Explorers & Invaders
Homework: read pages 61 - 67
Objective: Students will examine the earliest explorers of
Arkansas.
1.
2.
Who fueled the fires of exploration?
What Spanish explorer arrived about 50 years after
Columbus?
ostentatious - (adjective) overly showy,
pretentious.
• Time Line
– 1492 – 1780
• People to know…
– Chief Angaska
– John Cabot
– Columbus
– Hernando de Soto
– Bernard de la Harpe
– Jean Baptiste Filhiol
- Henri de Tonti
- Louis Joliet
- La Salle
- John Law
- Marquette
• Places to Locate
– Arkansas Post
– Arkansas River
– France
– Great Britain
– Mississippi River
– Spain
• Europeans Invade Arkansas
– Exploration changes both cultures
– Religion
– New land
– Trade routes
– Resources
– Knowledge
• Columbus Fuels the Fire
– Columbus told stories of great wealth when
he returned to Europe
– Other countries followed
– England sent John Cabot to find a shorter
route to Asia.
– England claimed lands in the new world.
• Spain, France, Holland, Italy, Great Britain, and
Portugal all began to explore and claimed lands to
establish trade.
• Hernando De Soto
– Conquistadors means, “one who conquers.”
– Found large amounts of gold and silver in
Mexico, when they landed 50 years after
Columbus.
– La Florida
• 600 men wandered across the southeast
• Treated natives badly
– Stole food and supplies from the Indians
• Killed and enslaved many Indians
• Greatest fine – Mississippi River but no more great
• Invading Arkansas
– Crossed the Mississippi River in the spring of
1541
– Found many native villages that they
described as impressive.
– De Soto hoped to supply his troops.
– De Soto told the natives that he was “the son
of the sun” and promised to bring rain. It did
rain the next day.
– The Indians did seem to see de Soto as a
god.
• Problems Continue
– Short on food and supplies
– Lost much of their livestock
– Many of his men died from disease or while
fighting native groups.
– The Tula Indians of western Arkansas were
not intimidated by the Spanish and killed
many using there long lances used for buffalo
hunting.
• Problems Continue
– After nearly a year, de Soto died from
disease.
– His body was wrapped and weighted down
and dropped in the Mississippi River.
• They didn’t want to let the Indians know that the
god, de Soto was dead.
– The remaining men fled down the river.
– When they reached Mexico, around 300 men
were left.
– Spain did not return for many years.
Bell Work
Agenda: Explorers & Invaders
Homework: Reading Guide Ch 03- Theme 02
Objective: Students will examine the earliest
explorers of Arkansas.
1. Who crossed the Mississippi River in 1541 to
enter Arkansas?
2. What happened to de Soto?
Word of the Day
adulation - (noun) extreme admiration.
• Changes for Native Americans
– Disease was one of the most devastating
changes to Native Americans.
• Measles, tuberculosis, mumps, influenza, chicken
pox and smallpox.
• Their bodies had no immunities to these diseases.
• These disease spread quickly and killed many
Native Americans.
– Killed and enslaved many Native Americans.
– The lives enjoyed by many Native Americans
were changed forever.
• Studying Tree Rings
– Scientist have also found evidence in tree
rings, that they may have experienced severe
drought during this time.
• Legend of the Razorback
– Have you ever wondered were we got the
Razorbacks?
– It is believed that domestic hogs escaped
from the Spanish during a storm.
• French Explorers
– With all the difficulties faced by de Soto, the
Spanish did not return for nearly 100 years.
– The French are going to take advantage of
the Spanish absence.
– King Louis XIV is going to push for more
exploration.
– 1673 - Catholic Priest Jacques Marquette
and a fur trapper named Louis Joliet are going
to travel down the Mississippi River to
explore.
• French Explorers
– Encountered the Quapaw Indians at the
confluence of the White and Arkansas Rivers.
• Confluence – were two rivers or streams come
together.
– Wanted to establish good relationship with the
Indians, unlike the Spanish.
– The French treated the Indians much better.
• Two reasons
– Religion
– Trade
• French Explorers
– Welcomed with
• a ceremony
• a feast
• and an exchange of gifts.
– Warned about the Spanish.
• returned to Canada
• believed the Mississippi River went to the Gulf of
Mexico.
• established good relationship with the Indians
• The Calumet Ceremony
– The Calumet is a decorated pipe on a long
stick (peace pipe).
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Symbol of peace and friendship
Used to negotiate with others
The men would sit and smoke together.
Dancing and feasting
The Calumet is then given as a gift and to provide
protection as they traveled.
• La Salle Explores Arkansas
– Rene’-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle was
born to a wealthy French family.
– Was a teacher
– Moved to New France (Canada)
– Studied Indian culture.
– Explored and traded with the Indians.
– Searched for the mouth of the Mississippi
River.
• La Salle Explores Arkansas
– 1682 – traveled down the Mississippi River.
– Visited the Quawpaw near the mouth of the
Arkansas River.
– Welcome with a Calumet Ceremony.
– Placed a large wooden crossed and claimed
the territory for France.
– La Louisiane in honor of King Louis XIV
– Found the Gulf of Mexico and claimed the
land for France.
• A New French Colony
– After returning to New France, La Salle asked
for permission to start a new colony.
• He was granted permission and supplies but failed
to return to the mouth of the Mississippi when they
were ship wrecked off the coast of Texas.
• 1685 settlement established
• Fort St. Louis
• La Salle was killed by his own men on third
attempt to find the Mississippi River.
• Henri de Tonti – established the “Arkansas Post”
near the mouth of the Arkansas River
• Life at Arkansas Post
– Tonti hoped to established a trading post in
Arkansas.
– Quawpaw not interested in trapping beaver.
– John Law attempted to establish the first post.
• (see Bursting the Mississippi Bubble)
• Many investors died before reaching the
settlement.
• Financial problems in Europe crippled the new
post.
• Early residents included soldiers, farmers, slaves,
and trappers.
• Life at Arkansas Post
– 1749 Official Census
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31 White Settlers
14 Slaves
29 Pigs
60 Cows
29 Bulls and Steers
3 Horses
• Moving the Post
– Reasons why the post moved several time
during its first 100 years:
• seasonal flooding
• fear of attack by British and Indians
• mosquito infested conditions and disease
– 1803 - Louisiana Purchase: Arkansas
becomes part of the United State.
– Today: national memorial and state park.
• Colonial Arkansas
– Mercantilism – created to increase wealth and
power through tight economic controls.
– Colonies brought wealth into European
countries.
– Explorers searched for resources to increase
the wealth of the mother countries.
– Conflict developed between the European
countries for control of new lands.
– The French struggled to keep control of
Arkansas.
• Trade Goods
– Trade was difficult to establish in Arkansas.
– Early trade included:
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Bear oil
Buffalo meat
Buffalo tallow (fat)
Trappers traded beads, iron hatchets, pots, knives,
guns, cloth, and blankets for Indian furs.
• Deer Skin was the most common fur.
• Indians hired to hunt and trade for Europeans.
• Farming
– Arkansas Post never became a strong
farming community.
– Flooding and droughts caused havoc for
settlers and farmers.
– Quawpaw kept many settlers from starving.
– Later improvements made life better but the
post continued to need outside supples.
• Searching for Arkansas Treasure
– Legends of gold, silver, and a large emerald
rock spread in Europe.
– Bernard de la Harpe was sent to find the
treasure.
– Emerald turned out to be sand stone.
• La grande roche or “big rock.”
• La petit roche or “little rock.”
– La Harpe established a trading post at the site
of a Quawpaw village near la petit roche.
• French and Indian War
– 1754 – Start of French and Indian War
between England and France.
• Conflict over territory in North America
• “Seven Years War”
• Quawpaw helped the French against the British
and other Indians.
• Prisoners of War kept at the Arkansas Post.
• France lost the war and control of its territories in
North America.
• Spain gains control of the territory
Arkansas Post was first settled by the French in 1686.
• French Names
– Many of our towns, rivers, streams, and
places were named by the French.
– Examples:
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Terre Noir
Bayou De Roche
Petit Jean
Bayou Meto
• The American Revolution
– Started not long after French and Indian War.
– July 4, 1776 – 13 colonies declare their
independence.
– The British fought to keep their territory.
– Allies in Arkansas
• Supported by Spain – used Arkansas Post
• British supporters attacked the post after the war
was over (they hadn’t heard the news yet.)
• Spanish commander was upset with Chief
Angaska, a Quawpaw, because he failed to warn
the Spanish.
• Chief Angaska had been tricked some Chickasaw
Indians, who said Americans were coming to visit
the fort.
• Chief Angaska and others tracked the attackers
and those captured from the post.
• Most of the captured were released and returned
to the post.
• End of Slide Show