Transcript Push Over Cellular T-109.551 Research Seminar on

Push Over Cellular
T-109.551 Research Seminar on Telecommunications
Business
Seminar presentation 6.4.2004
Timo Ali-Vehmas
[email protected]
T-109-551/TAV/6.4.2004
Structure







What is PoC ?
Standards and Technology
Value System options
Regulation
Key Benefits
Service Adoption
Observations and recommendations
T-109.551/TAV/6.4.2004
2/20
What is PoC ?
“Push to talk over Cellular (PoC) is intended to provide rapid communications for
business and consumer customers of mobile networks. PoC will allow user voice and
data communications shared with a single recipient, (1-to-1) or between groups of
recipients as in a group chat session, (1-to-many) such as in figure 1 below.”
T-109.551/TAV/6.4.2004
3/20
Modern History of Push to Talk





Push to talk is the most primitive radio system. Its roots are in the military
radios, used extensively in dispatch (e.g. taxi etc.) and also in consumer
(VHF, CB radio) market
Nextel with Motorola and Nortel created new radio system, IDEN
(Integrated Digital Enhanced Network) to compete with IS-54/136 (TDMA)
and IS-95 (CDMA).
Main driver was available ESMR (PMR) radio spectrum, which Nextel had
available based on the earlier network.
Network was launched 9/1996 in Chicago metropolitan area. First services
included voice and text paging and the key feature, two way radio, ie. push
to talk.
Service and coverage evolution during the next first years. Other new
services in Nextel network very similar to basic cellular services of that time
period.
T-109.551/TAV/6.4.2004
4/20
Nextel network, service and business
case








Currently Nextel service is very similar to any 2nd
generation digital cellular service, with many
phone models, all kinds of accessories and ring
tones, location services etc. Also strong
investment in JAVA (J2ME) service platform.
Nextel claims to have the best quality overall service concept with
network quality among the top 3.
Nextel has today some 12,3 million subscribers (24% yearly growth).
Service has been adopted by ordinary consumers too. 90% of the
users use also Direct Connect. 50% more Direct Connect calls than
ordinary calls per user
Push to talk service extended to nationwide coverage and will be
extended to international connections later.
Service quality is good. Latency < 1 sec.
Strengths: Good service quality, Integrity of the services, Strong
financial
Weaknesses: Coverage, Volumes, Choice of Vendors, proprietary
technology
T-109.551/TAV/6.4.2004
5/20
Standardization status and goals
POC Application
Content/ Data
(AMR)
User Data Control
(RTP, RTSP)
Session Layer
(SIP, HTTP, XCON)
Transport Layer
(TCP, UDP)
IP Layer
(IPv4, IPv6, IPSec)







3GPP RAN Core


T-109.551/TAV/6.4.2004
(Magic4 Metrowerks)
, Nokia,
Basic functionality based on the prototyping individually in each company
Basic functionality has been proven and key technical issues have been
identified
Committed to drive a harmonised standard which is targeted to fit for
GSM/WCDMA/GPRS system and also for CDMA2000 system.
Intention is to use IETF specifications as much as possible as they are in order
to achieve compatibility also with Internet.
Basic SIP based infrastructure for Internet Multimedia services on top of the
GSM/WCDMA/GPRS radio network.
POC can be seen as one application level protocol and service set utilising
features and functions as much as possible as they already have been specified
in 3GPP.
IETF

Physical Layer
(E)GSM/WCDMA
, Motorola
3GPP IMS


(Sonim)
OMA

3GPP IMS Core
Link Layer
GPRS
Industry standard (Sony/Ericsson
Siemens)
Protocols for Internet, which now have been adopted by 3GPP and partially by
OMA
TCP, UDP, HTTP, SIP, SDP, RTP, RTSP, RTCP, …
3GPP2


Counterpart for 3GPP, Specifications developed for CDMA2000
Will follow as much as possible 3GPP IMS, OMA and especially IETF
6/20
Standardization Issues


3GPP Current related work items for Multimedia Conferencing, Presence and
Instant Messaging partly overlapping with OMA activities
IETF has created parallel specification for Multimedia Conferencing.
 XCON – Floor control signalling and conference policy
 SIMPLE – Resource Lists and Ad-Hoc Resource Lists
 SIPPING – Requesting Multiple Targets, Conference signalling framework

Industry specification contributed to OMA is based on IPv4 while IMS is on
IPv6.
 There are also other deviations in order to achieve short time to market. OMA
specification should be fully harmonised with 3GPP IMS
 Security mechanisms are different (HTTP digest vs. IMS AKA)
 Floor Control (no earlier standard exist)
 Group list management

More Network interfaces needed for genuine multivendor/multioperator
network
 POC Server to POC Server Interface

Some dedicated features for CDMA2000
 No PDP contexts => Using “one context only” option
 Utilising CDMA short burst for floor control
T-109.551/TAV/6.4.2004
7/20
Key Technology elements and issues



Always on packet radio connection to Internet Access Points
SIP based session setup
Half duplex VoIP
 AMR Codec as default, Other codecs open

POC Server always needed.
 NAT and Firewall traversal

How to optimise for all relevant radio standards
 QoS, IPv6, SIGCOMP, Header Compression, Multiple PDP contexts

Performance of POC
 Setup times, Voice delay and quality

How to achieved multiple simultaneous speakers
 Virtual reality, faster response, more conversational
 Enhancing the current approach vs. two or more parallel sessions
 How to support any Multimedia Content
T-109.551/TAV/6.4.2004
8/20
PoC architecture as proposed in OMA





PoC is implemented as Application
Server on the top of the IMS
infrastructure. Also
Authentication, Charging etc.
fundamentals provided by cellular
network as default
PoC concept includes also Group
management Server
PoC will interface to other
Application servers, such as
Presence, Location, etc.
PoC Client is implemented on
terminals, utilizing terminal
capabilities such as ISIM/USIM,
User Interface, Phonebook, Audio,
Video and other multimedia
sources and sinks.
PoC Client may be implemented
as downloadable software if
terminal device supports wellspecified open API’s
T-109.551/TAV/6.4.2004
9/20
Value System options for PoC
Legend:



Open Interfaces between
the PoC server and the IMS
Core network will enable
many different models for
service provisioning.
Especially Corporations
may seek to run their own
PoC server similarly as they
run the PBX today.
Also open competition
(fuelled by liberal
regulation such e.g.
Number portability)
between various network
operators makes it
impossible to define
predominant candidate to
run successful PoC service
T-109.551/TAV/6.4.2004
PBX or
Centrex or
Public PoC
Service
Public
PoC
Service
Enterprise
Corporate
Employees
Conusmer
Internet Service
Provider
Value Added
Service Provider
Content
Provider
Virtual Network
Operator
Backbone Operator
Network Operator
Access Operator
10/20
Proprietary Systems
 Fastchat by Fastmobile (Ericsson, Symbian)
 Proprietary version of similar service (Client/Server model)
 Downloadable to Symbian products
 Integrates Push to Talk with messaging and presence, Also
multimedia support
 Service available
 Not compatible with OMA PoC
 Skype
 Peer to Peer (Fixed) Internet Voice service.
 No central host is needed but because of NAT/FW traversal
at least some hosts must have direct connection to Internet
 Not optimised for Wireless, will probably require 4 to 10 x
more bandwidth. Currently runs only on Windows
 Nothing prohibits making wireless friendly version
 Claim: 100k+ simultaneous users in Skype
T-109.551/TAV/6.4.2004
11/20
Regulating PoC
 Legal Interception
 Is PoC a regulated voice service ?
 May not be easy to implement for all PoC groups
 Competition
 Open Interfaces enable competition
 Regulation needed to facilitate non-discriminatory pricing
 Privacy
 Privacy of GLMS data bases
 Privacy of PoC Server user data
 Privacy of Presence and Location and other information
 PoC is not applicable to Emergency Services
 Should not be used for 112 calls either
T-109.551/TAV/6.4.2004
12/20
Benefits of the PoC

Benefits for end users
 Social connectivity, within
cellular coverage

Benefits for the operators
 New service with moderate CAPEX, Using already
invested GPRS/Packet radio Infrastructure
 Service segmentation




 Hunting parties, Sports events
 SME dispatching
 Virtually Unlimited number of 
participants
T-109.551/TAV/6.4.2004
Text messaging
Audio/MMS
PoC
Voice
 Service Differentiation
with
proven used case (USA)
 Centrex like service offering to (small) enterprises
Benefits to manufacturers
 New products needed (both Infrastructure but
especially terminals)
 New business opportunities for SW vendors
 May impact also the platform competition
13/20
Operators and Vendors supporting PoC

Telecom Operators: Vodafone, China Mobile, Orange, 3, Cingular, AWS, TIM,
T-Mobile, Verizon, Sprint, ..

Telecom Vendors: Ericsson, Motorola, Nokia Siemens, Alcatel, Samsung, NEC,
AIS (Thailand), Telstra, Optus,…

Dedicated vendors: Sonim, Fastmobile, Magic4, Kodiack Networks, Ecrio Inc.,
…for Symbian, Palm OS and Microsoft SW platforms and TI (OMAP) HW
platform.

Corporations as customers: ?

Internet Service providers ?
T-109.551/TAV/6.4.2004
14/20
Factors impacting diffusion 1/3
 Service discovery
 Proven used case
 Nextel 12 million customers with highest ARPU in USA
 Word of mouth
 For market where low awareness of Push to Talk (Europe)
 Service trial
 Downloadable application
 Available from several vendors
 Performance may be an issue of downloadable applications without HW
support
 Downloadable settings
 Shall be part of the application downloading or to be ordered like other service
settings (ref to MMS settings etc. using e.g. OMA Provisioning)
 Price of the Application
 Should have Trial version for free, permanent version like Browser (Opera 20€)
T-109.551/TAV/6.4.2004
15/20
Factors impacting diffusion 2/3
 Using PoC
 Application performance and Usability
 Setup delay > 4s, Floor control delay > 1.6 s
 Voice Quality (MOS>3 @ 2% BER)
 Dedicated key, Indication of Floor Control, Indication of speaker, Easy Group
management and Invitation
 Peer Group pressure
 Price of the Service
 Current GPRS tariff 18€/100 Mbytes ~ 2,2 snt/minute / 1 air hop
 Half duplex point to point “conversation” ~ 5 snt / minute.
 Cost shared equally for both /all ends
 Availability of multiple products and operators
 Must be Several compatible products for all product categories
 Should have Several service offerings, Multioperator support, Incl. Roaming
T-109.551/TAV/6.4.2004
16/20
Factors impacting diffusion 3/3
 PoC as an Integral part of Wireless Communication
 Integration with other applications (Presence, Messaging,…File
sharing, Calling, Phonebook etc.)
 Applicability of PoC to Enterprise Use
 Multimedia Conferencing using PoC

Virtual reality of the conference by full duplex voice connection

Applicability of PoC to any (Wireless) IP based environment
T-109.551/TAV/6.4.2004
17/20
Walled Garden for PoC ?
Value system of Push over Cellular
may be compared to Centrex /
PBX development
 Centrex PoC




Operator manages all the services
Centralised service
Low level experimentation
Suitable for low market uncertainty
 PBX PoC
 Enterprise manages services
 Distributed service, May be several PoC
servers in one company, each for each
department
 High level of potential experimentation
 High level of innovation
 Suitable when high market uncertainty
T-109.551/TAV/6.4.2004
Current market uncertainty

High:
 Several standards proposals
 No dominant design
 Expert opinion


Low:
 Proven Use case in US
=> There is a risk for slow service startup if walled garden is the only
possible/legal approach
18/20
Integration and Interoperability
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Current goal is to provide
Operator domain PoC
Second level to provide
Operator to Operator
interworking within one
system technology
Third level to provide
Operator to operator
regardless of system
technology
Fourth level is to support
also enterprise solutions
Fifth level is to allow ISP
solutions
Sixth level is to make all
this to interoperate
T-109.551/TAV/6.4.2004
Value ~ N2
GSM/
GPRS/
WDCMA
POC AS
OPER A
POC AS
OPER C
CDMA2000
POC AS
OPER B
POC AS
CORP A
INTERNET
INTRANET
WLAN
POC AS
ISP D
WLAN
19/20
Winning concept in many value systems
 PoC has proven used case, but only in USA
 Standardised solution for Commercial PoC is needed for high
performance of the overall system and for interoperability
 Standard based solution shall be open also for enterprise and private use
 All IP nature of PoC does not meet all the regulative requirements of
voice service. Does this matter ?
 Downloadable applications lower the risk in service adoption
 Price of equipment and service can be competitive
 Distributed business models will be important for the success of PoC
 Multimedia Convergence and virtual reality can be the final target with
several evolutionary steps
T-109.551/TAV/6.4.2004
20/20
Thank You
T-109.551/TAV/6.4.2004
21/20