Transcript The Quest for Empire Chapter 6

Early Explorers
Chapter 4
Texas History
Coach Fletcher
The Conquest of New Spain
The spread of more
explorers from Spain
came about soon after
Christopher
Columbus discoveries.
It was a great honor to
sail under the Spanish
flag.
The Spanish
Government paid for
many explorations.
Spain and Portugal
Reasons for Exploration
Reasons:
1. Create a Spanish
Empire
2. Spread the Roman
Catholic belief
3. Find gold and silver
4. Out due their rival
Portugal
The land in America claimed by
Spain was called “New
Spain.”
Conquistadores
The Spaniards who led the invasion into
the Americas were called
Conquistadores.
Conquistadores meant “conquerors.”
The Conquistadores were noblemen,
believing their mission was to serve
Spain and God.
They wore suits of armor and steel
helmets, rode the finest horses.
Conquistadores & Friars
Conquistadores
Many Indians thought they were gods.
Their job was to claim land for Spain
and convert Indians to Christianity.
Many friars or priest would travel
with the Conquistadores.
The job of the friar was to establish
churches, schools, and missions.
Hernando Cortes
Cortes was one of the most famous
Conquistadore.
In 1519, Cortes sails from Cuba to
Mexico and attacks the great Aztec
Indian empire.
He later killed the Aztec leader
Montezuma.
Hernando Cortes- riches 1756
Cortes vs. Aztec
The Aztecs greatly outnumber the Spanish
invaders.
Cortes won because of cannons, guns, and
other Indians from other tribes.
Cortes took over the city of Tenochtitlan,
later named Mexico City.
All gold, silver, and jewels were sent back
to Spain.
Mexico City became the capital of New
Spain.
Alonzo Alvarez de Pineda
In 1519, Pineda landed on the coast
of Texas.
He camps at the mouth of the Rio
Grande, called it Rio de las
Palmas, meaning “River of
Palms”
It is not known if Pineda explored
deep into Texas, but he urged
Spanish officials to build
permanent settlements along the
coast.
Diego de Camargo
In 1520, Camargo was sent by the Spanish
government to build along the Texas
coast.
Fight between the Coahuiltecans and the
Spaniards breaks out.
The Indians kill 18 Spaniards, this only
postpones the more explorations to come.
The Narvaez Expedition
Started - 1528, lead by Narvaez.
Route- go to Florida looking for
gold
Problem- while on land they got
lost from their ships off the
coast of Florida
Solution- built five small boats to
sail to Mexico
Narvaez & Crew
While sailing from Florida to Mexico 3
of the 5 ships were lost at sea.
The surviving crew included:
1. Panfilo de Narvaez (Leader of Crew)
2. Cabezo de Vaca (Treasurer of Crew)
3. Esteban (Moroccan slave)
4. Two other Spaniards
“Isle of Misfortune”
The crew was shipwrecked on the
coast of Texas.
Vaca described it as the “isle of
misfortune.”
They were captured and held by
the Karankawas. They were
almost slaves to the Indians.
Shaman
Cabeza de Vaca became a shaman, or healer
to the Indians.
One day a Karankawa warrior had an arrow
stuck in him and Vaca used a knife to cut it
out.
This event allowed the Spaniards to travel to
other tribes and treat the sick. Eventually
they escaped to Mexico.
Cities of Gold
Vaca went back to Mexico City with stories of
“cows” with humps.
Also with stories that the Indians said about cities
with gold and silver streets and buildings.
Indian legend was tempting, and soon the
Spaniards in Mexico were planning to search for
“Cities of Gold.”
Niza Expedition
The king or viceroy of New Spain in Mexico
City orders an expedition north to find the
golden cities.
Leader- Francisca (friar)
Fray Marcos de Niza (explorer)
Esteban (slave)
Started- March 1539
Search of- Seven Cities of Cibola
Seven Cities of Cibola
Esteban knew the land and was sent out
ahead of the group.
He returns a message to the group that yes he
had seen the “Seven Cities of Cibola.”
Word gets back to the group that Esteban
was killed, the expedition continues into
New Mexico and Arizona.
As the expedition reaches the border of New
Mexico and Arizona they see the cities.
Seven Cities of Cibola
Marcos de Niza is afraid to enter the cities
because of what had happened to
Estaban.
In reality the cities they saw were Zuni
Indian villages in the desert.
Marcos de Niza returns to Mexico and tells
of the great cities.
This makes Viceroy Mendoza put together
a larger expedition together in hopes of
taking the cities.
The Coronado Expedition
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado was
chosen to lead the second expedition.
Coronado was 29 years old, wealthy,
and well respected by the viceroy.
He wore a steal helmet with purple
feathers.
The Expedition included:
1. 300 Spanish soldiers
2. 1,000 Christian Indians
3. 1,000 horses
4. Herd of cattle
5. Herd of sheep
Started- April 1540
Goal- to capture the “Cities of Gold.”
Reaching the Cities
Coronado reaches the Zuni village and a
short hard fight breaks out.
The Spaniards win with their guns and
cannons.
It was at this time Coronado felt lied too,
there was no gold or riches.
Coronado wasn’t going to return until he
did some more exploring.
Coronado in Texas
Coronado divided his group into
several smaller expeditions.
One group went west and discovered
the Grand Canyon.
Coronado took his group east looking
for gold.
Things Coronado Saw
In April 1541, Coronado goes east into
Texas. He reports seeing:
1. “Sea of grass”- the plains
2. “no trees except by rivers”- prairies
3. “staked plains”- Caprocks
4. “hard wood”- trees of Palo Duro Canyon
5. “cows” with humps- Buffalo
Hernando de Soto
He explored into Florida and southeastern
United States, he dies around the
Mississippi River.
Soto left his expedition to Luis de Moscoso.
Moscoso explores into East Texas, and also
reports back to Mexico that no gold was
found, but that a thick black liquid was
seeping from the ground. (“Black Gold,”
oil)
End of Spanish Explorations
Some 60 years passed between Coronado
and the next Spanish exploration began.
1601- Juan de Onate explores Texas
Panhandle
Result- no gold and no exploring by the
Spanish for another 75 years
Results of Spanish Exploration
1. Spain had all claims to Texas
2. Explorers made maps and had
knowledge of the land
3. Texas provided a barrier from
Indians and the rich land of
Mexico.
4. Texas provided a barrier from
other European explorers that
were coming into North
America
5. Indians viewed Texas as home,
Spain viewed Texas as their
property.
6. No gold in Texas made Spain
more interested in Mexico and
its rich land
The French Challenge
The Spaniards became concerned when
in 1685 the first French explorer
landed in Texas.
The center of the French empire in the
North America was in Canada.
The French also began to explore deep
into Ohio, Missouri, and Mississippi
River.
Sieur de La Salle
Sieur de la Salle was the first Frenchman to be a
threat to the Spaniards in Mexico.
La Salle in 1682 sailed down the Mississippi River to
the Gulf of Mexico.
La Salle claimed all land around the Mississippi as
belonging to the French.
He called the area Louisiana after the king of France,
Louis XIV.
La Salle
La Salle went back to Louis XIV asking to
establish a settlement at the mouth of the
Mississippi.
Good for the French because:
1. Strengthen French control over the river.
2. French would control the fur trade down
the river.
Louis XIV thought the plan was good.
La Salle Expedition
The expedition started in 1684.
The trip included:
1. Four ships
2. 100 soldiers
3. 300 colonist or settlers
4. Food and supplies
From the beginning the expedition had
problems.
La Salle Expedition
One ship was captured by the Spaniards.
The remaining three ships became seperated
from the other in a storm.
The 3 ships miss the mouth of the Mississippi
and land Matagorda Bay on the Texas coast
in 1685.
Another ship sinks in the bay with important
supplies, leaving 2 ships.
La Salle Expedition
The captain of one of the remaining ships
decides to sail back to France with some of
the colonist. Leaving La Salle with 1 ship.
La Salle was stranded in Texas with:
1. Less than 100 soldiers
2. 200 colonist
3. Little food and supplies
4. A lack of readiness for the wilderness
Fort St. Louis
La Salle realized they couldn’t live on the
marsh land of the coast so they moved
inland.
They built wooden fort on Garcitas Creek.
The fort was called Fort St. Louis.
Fort had:
1. Five or six houses
2. A chapel
3. 8 cannons
Fort St. Louis Problems
Problems at the fort:
1. Disease-small pox
2. Fighting with Indians
3. Crops failing
After disease and fighting there
were only 45 people left at the fort.
La Salle Going For Help
La Salle decided to go to Canada looking
for help.
Jan. 1687, La Salle and 17 men march
eastward looking for the Mississippi to
take them into Canada.
During the trip La Salle was murdered
by his own men.
Fate of the Expedition
After the soldiers killed La Salle they
were later attacked by Indians and
killed.
A few escaped into Canada.
Back at the fort small pox and the
Karankawas kill the remaining people.
The fort was destroyed, only six people
survived to tell the story.
Smallpox-60 million Europeans died
from this disease in the 18th Century
Results of the La Salle Expedition
Results:
1. France had a claim to parts of
Texas, it was a weak claim though.
2. It made the Spaniards realize they
must build settlements north of the Rio
Grande in order to keep the French
out.
Key Terms
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Conquistador- A Spanish soldier who sought
riches for the glory of Spain
Friar- A priest of the Catholic religion
Viceroy- A governor who rules as a
representative of a king
Pueblo- A Native American village
Mission- A religious settlement
Stockade- An enclosure of posts made to
form a defense