Transcript AMR

SWEMA Spring Meeting 2005
Matt Monroe
Program Manager ADI Systems
Landis+Gyr Inc
7/16/2015
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Today’s discussion
What is advanced metering
The California experience
The utility solution set
The competing technologies
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What is an Advanced Meter?
General Questions
Demand – TOU - IDR
How finely cut does the data need to be?
How often does it need to be reported?
California
AMI – Advance Metering Infrastructure
AMI refers to a fixed network AMR system capable of
supporting dynamic pricing.
Ontario
Similar to California where time is critical – CPP
Texas?
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Where are the Smarts Located?
The metrology
Four Quadrant TOU IDR meter at every house?
Distributed computation not cost effective
Local backup, Local display
Battery backup? where do we synch?
The module
Makes up for lack of functionality of meters
Drives up cost for supporting multiple vendors
The concentrator
Limited bandwidth of LAN may not allow this
Too much responsibility for such a weak link
The host
Limited bandwidth in WAN may prevent this
No local calculation and limited local display is possible
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“The goal is to match your
communication network
technology choice with your
business needs.”
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The California experience
When is demand response critical
High Rates
High variability in loads during the day – peaks and valleys
High variability in cost of generation during the day
Fuel, Generation Shortage
Transmission constraints
Potential rolling blackouts
PUC supports it
Neighboring utilities that have these issues
PG&E wants to deploy today –
announced automation of 5 million electric meters
SDG&E wants to move
SCE somewhat being pushed along by the PUC and they feel a new design of
meter/system is necessary.
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Open Standards for Advanced Metering and Demand Response
Mission Statement
Foster enhanced functionality, lower costs and rapid customer adoption of Advanced
Metering networks and Demand Response solutions through the development of a
recommended open, standards-based information/data model, reference design and
interoperability guidelines
Objectives
Facilitate the broad adoption of advanced metering and demand response
Define what 'open standards' means for advanced metering and demand response
Diminish technical and functional risk concerns for utilities, regulators and ratepayers
Empower consumers with tools to better understand and manage their energy use
Foster industry innovation, efficiency and lower cost solutions
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What California wants to see in Advanced Metering
Two-way thru to the home
Data at the meter for home apps but home interface does not need to go through the
meter
Time based recording at the meter in case back office is not available
Communication module simply provides communication only.
All data synchronized at meter
All billing determinates at the meter
Distributed capabilities in the system
Multiple views on how enabling devices interact with meter
TOU, IDR, ANSI 12.19
Network Synchs time in the meter
Endpoints need to be powered during outage
Data available every 6 hours
PQ,V, Freq, demand on each leg
Distributed Generation detection
4 quadrant, harmonics, kVA
35 days worth of data at meter
Load control activation confirmation
Two channel bidirectional power measurement
IPSec implementation
Can’t be a California only solution
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The scope for the project is based on providing low-cost, but highly DR functional real-time meters and pricingresponsive thermostats for a typical, low-end 1200 square foot, single-story, California house with two or
three small bedrooms and a larger family living space, probably open to the kitchen. Today, the existing
meter is on an outside wall of the house, and there is likely to be an old-style, analog thermostat in the
family living space.
The overall goals are:
1) to create a new DR thermostat that can respond to RTP, e.g., time-of-use (TOU) tariffs combined with
dynamic tariffs such as, but not limited to, critical peak pricing (CPP),
2) to create a new, RTP, revenue-grade meter that can communicate with the thermostat and with the outside
world, and
3) to leverage the communication and energy scavenging technologies into a common platform that supports
both the thermostat and the meter, thereby minimizing cost.
The UCB team will build off research in five existing projects that have elements of the solutions. The five
projects are:
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Pico Radio
TinyOS
Sensors
Smart Dust
Energy Scavenging
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Back to the rest of the world
Advanced AMR is MUCH more than just
automating meters.
AMR requires a systems approach.
The weak link is almost always the
communication link, NOT the meter.
Different communication technologies were
designed to support different business needs.
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What are the business needs?
What is being collected?
Daily kWh
Interval or TOU
Demand
What are collection requirements?
All customer classes
C+I only
Residential, small business only
When is the data required?
All data by 8am day after, some portion in real time, etc.
How diverse is territory?
High Density - Urban
Low Density – Rural, Mountain
Varied
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Network Choice Considerations
When Choosing the “right” network consider:
Technology stability
Network availability
Security
Scalability
Bandwidth requirements
Coverage
Cost of ownership
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AMR Network Technology Choices
Telephone
Narrowband PLC
Public Wireless (Paging, CDPD, GPRS)
Private network wireless (licensed and
non-licensed)
Satellite
Broadband Over Powerlines (BPL)
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AMI Landscape
HIGHEST
TWO-WAY FIXED
RF MESH: Cellnet-UtiliNet
Rex, StatSignal, SilverSpring Tantalus, ETG
RF: AMDS, Comverge, Metrum, Amron
PLC: TWACS, Hunt TS2, Cannon
ONE-WAY FIXED
Cellnet
Hunt TS1
Hexagram, Itron
DRIVE BY
Cellnet Interleave,
Itron (Hunt T300),Badger,
Neptune, Sensus, Ramar
LOWEST
WALK BY
CUSTOMER
SERVICE
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OPERATIONS
COMMERCE
VERTICAL/HORIZONTAL
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The Complete Utility Solution
RF 1.5 way
Server
Industrial
• Paging
• GSM/GPRS
• CDMA/1xRTT
• UtiliNet
• TCP/IP
• POTS
Residential&Commercial
MESH, Two-way,
Transmit Only, Drive-by
Public Backhaul
Two-way Paging
Digital Cellular
UtiliNet,Internet,
PSTN
Mesh
Network
Server
Narrowband
Server
Meter and
Data
Management
Platform
IP Meter
Server
Utility
Apps.
HH, MV90,
ForeRunner,
CommSTAR
Drive-by Hardware
RF Endpoints
BPL
Server
PLC
Server
Residential&Commercial
Distribution Line Carrier
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AMI
Data Center
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Telephone Systems
Industrial Accounts
AMR Host
System
Local Network
Telephone
Wide Area Network
Shared Line
Inbound Telephone
Industrial Meters
Residential
Commercial
Accounts
Dial-up Lines
PSTN
Residential Inbound
Residential Inbound
Water
Gas
Residential Inbound
Electric
Commercial Meters
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Telephone Systems
Strengths
Capable of supporting large scale AMR projects (urban, suburban,
residential)
Can be used in a surgical manner to address geographically dispersed
commercial / industrial meters (deregulation)
Capable of supporting the extended features and alarms for complex
C&I metering applications (multi-measurement)
Capable of supporting power quality applications for electric C&I
applications
Support via dial-up or inbound telephone communications (dedicated
line or shared access)
Issues
Can be expensive to obtain line, if not a shared line
Limited real time access on shared line
No land line to some homes due to location or cell phone popularity
Maintenance issues of phone line
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Radio Van Mobile Read
Local Network
AMR Host
System
Industrial Accounts
RF
RF
RF
Residential Inbound
Residential Inbound
Water
Gas
Residential Inbound
Electric
Meters
Commercial
Accounts
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Meters
Some systems migrate to fixed
Some systems collect Demand, TOU
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Fixed Network Systems
Will support large scale metering
Capable of detailed data for billing options
(Interval Data, Demand, TOU)
Capable of supporting extended functionality
(on request reads, off-cycle reads, virtual
disconnect, etc.)
Support provided for electric, gas, and water
applications
Advanced applications may be available at
network base (outage, restoration, etc.)
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Private Radio Systems
AMR
Host
System
Wide Area
Network
RF
RF
Pole top
devices
Meter
RF
RF
Controller
Repeater
Traditional Star
Network
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Private Radio Systems
Features
Collectors/concentrators mounted on power poles
communicate with meter devices.
Unlicensed spread spectrum or licensed narrowband
technology used for collector to meter communications.
No peer to peer communications – strict hierarchical network
Requires engineered communications network.
Uses various WAN technologies to bring data back from pole.
Repeaters used to extend coverage and fill in-network voids.
Issues
Radio coverage determined by RF technology & power
Significant efforts & tools required for RF propagation siting
Not as well suited to small scale, dispersed deployment
Large scale deployment requires significant capital $
Examples
Cellnet, Itron, Hexagram, AMDS
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Mesh Network Systems
Meter
Controller
Node
Routing Nodes
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Mesh Network Systems
Features
Each node acts as a repeater which increases network reliability.
Self configuring - Each node creates a routing table of the other
nodes that are best situated to pass a message. Node tables are
updated dynamically to allow for new nodes or to delete removed
or inoperable nodes. Systems become self-aware of changes in
network.
Self healing - Reduces single line of sight problems inherent in node
concentrator types of RF systems.
Communication equipment is installed within the meter, reducing
communication architecture, siting, design and complexity.
Most use unlicensed RF for communications between meters.
Uses public network WAN from collector nodes.
Issues
Economics are best for denser areas.
Requires backhauls from the concentrator nodes.
Higher number of hops, the less reliable the system becomes- each
hop adds latency.
Examples
Tantalus, Elster EnergyAxis, UtiliNet, StatSignal
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Mesh Networks Not the Same
Distributed intelligence vs. dumb endpoint
True mesh vs. multiple hops vs.
preassigned routing
Hopping based on RF Link or Geographic
intelligence
Properietary vs Public (802.15.4)
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Mesh - Architecture
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Hybrid Mesh Networks
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RF power is not the only performance criteria
RF Pattern
012802D
012802F
012802G
012802H
012802I
012802J
012802K
012802L
012802M
012802N
90
120
96
60
94
92
90
30
150
88
86
84
82
82
180
0
84
86
88
90
330
210
92
94
96
240
300
98
96
94
92
90
88
86
84
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
270
ABB BAMM
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012502B
012502C
012502D
012502E
012502F
012502G
012502H
012502I
012802A
012802B
90
120
60
30
150
180
0
330
210
240
300
270
Front
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Other Factors to consider in RF
Receiver Sensitivity
Noise floor (Unlicensed)
Adjacent channel availability
(Narrowband)
Frequency (low frequency tends to
propogate further)
Data Rate
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Power Line Communications
Utility
AMR Host
System
DCS
Distribution Network
Communication Link
Substation
Equipment
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(Phone, MAS, Satellite, Fiber, etc.)
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Power Line Communications
Strengths
Utility Owned network
Long Range AMR Reading – in excess of 100 miles for some
technologies
Coverage not affected by geographic terrain
Several technologies available (narrow band, 60Hz waveform)
Defined communication infrastructure requirements
Can start with a single substation and expand
Can Support Load Management devices
Issue
Serving water and gas from PLC system
Managing switching and modifications in power system
Area and Spot Electrical Network systems must be analyzed
Limits on available bandwidth results in limits on meters that
can be controlled on each substation
Examples
TWACS by DCSI, Hunt T1 & T2, Canon Technologies
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Public Radio Networks
Provides Individual Addressability & 2-Way Communications
Generally Good For High-end customer applications & surgical
deployments
Geographic Coverage Issues (Deployment by Local Provider /
Rural)
Data management/delivery Issues
Examples, Comverge, Metrum, Amron, SmartSynch
Public
Radio
Network
Utility
AMR Host
System
Control
Center
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Broadband Systems
Broadband over Powerline (BPL)
Provides internet connectivity via electric distribution system
Significant interest by US government and electric utilities –
mostly in areas of country with least ISP options (DSL, Cable)
Several alternative technologies being examined
frequencies: 2Mhz – 100Mhz
speed: 100 Mbps or more on power lines
Cannot justify on utility benefits alone
Rural and URD issues
Access
BPL
Basic Components
–Injectors
- internet access
points,
– required due to
signal attenuation and distortion
on powerline,
BPL
Injector
- at service
transformer, provides connection
to customer
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Last segment from distribution transformer
to customer home could be PLC or WIFI.
BPL
Repeater
–Repeaters
–Extractor
Medium Voltage
Power Lines
Fiber / T1
Internet
BPL
Extractor
Distribution
Transformer
Low Voltage
Subscriber’s
In-House BPL
Modem + PC
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Broadband Systems
HFC (Hybrid Fiber Coax)
Provides High Speed / Bandwidth Communications
Cable Companies Upgrading from 1 to 2-Way Systems
Many public utilities installing fiber systems for cable, internet, phone
Requires Cable Access / Gateway at Meter Point even if customer not
a subscriber to cable services
AMR is in addition to other services (can’t justify on AMR alone)
Utility
Secondary Head-Ends
AMR Host
System
HFC
Primary Cable
Head-End
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Internet Advantages
Use Customer Internet Connection
No Proprietary Infrastructure
DSL, Cable, T1, BPL, GPRS, 1XRTT, 57.6
Kb connections to the Internet
connections to the Internet
No limit to number of IP connected
devices
Internet is here to stay
$
Low
Open
Standard
Fast Data Access
Supports Many End Points
Accessible Now, and in the Future
What are the Obstacles?
Making the Connection
Customer’s Firewall
Meter initiates connection to the outside
DHCP
IPv6 This is the equivalent of 4.3 × 10^20
addresses per inch² of the Earth's surface.
Security Concerns
Customer’s IT Staff
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Satellite Systems
Low Earth Orbit (LEO)
Good for Remote, Isolated High Value / Revenue Meters
(Mines, Timber Mills, Pumping Stations, etc.)
Complex Metering to Support High-End Applications
Typically Interfaces Through KYZ Pulse (Limited
functions) or Serial RS232
Utility
AMR Host
System
Industrial / Commercial
Meter(s) Attached to LEO
Transceiver
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LEO Control
Center
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Mix’n Match Com Technologies
Type
Licensed Narrow Band
(UHF VHF)
Unlicensed 900 MHZ
Unlicensed 2.4 GHZ
Ultra Narrow Band
Narrow Band
BroadBand PL
Public IP RF
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Mod/Protocol
FHSS
DSSS
7-FSK
OOK
FDMA
IP
HomePlug
ANSI 709.2
CCSK
802.11
802.15.4
802.16
Power
.25 mW
.75 mW
100 mW
200 mW
500 mW
1 W (30dbm)
Range Baud WAN
100ft
.01
PSTN
300ft
15
TCP/IP
300ft
30
Frame
¼ mile 74
1 mile 510
5 mile 1600
20 mile 9600
100 mile 16.4K
19.2K
14 Mbps
150Mbps
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Additional Considerations
What is the technical support of the
technology choice?
Many current communication products
have life of 3-5 years, while utility
requirements are a 15+ year life.
What does your business case REALLY
require?
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Final Thoughts
In evaluating the communication network
technologies and offerings, keep in
mind: What does the business case
require?
Metering Information
Multi-commodity
Connect/disconnect
Demand response/Load control
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Contact Information
Matt Monroe, P.E.
ADI Program Manager
Landis+Gyr Inc
[email protected]
512-750-8933
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